C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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azamgarh, utter pradesh India
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C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD INDIA in STUDENT OF BACHELOR OF OPTOMETRY
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and some molluscs have myogenic hearts. the heart
market share
butterfly-shaped endocrine glands & is located at
tissues
tissues = groups of cells that are similar in stru
parts of the skeletal system include: bones (skele
3 types of muscle tissue • skeletal muscle • cardi
slide
functions of muscle tissue • producing body moveme
and blood vessels moves substances through the bod
anatomy and physiology of the skin
cells division
connective tissue
epithelium
highlights • epithelia • glands • mesenchyme • co
epithelium tissues
slow or fast. any abnormalities should be recorde
- the thyroid gland is the largest
embryology iris- • both layers of epithelium deriv
respiratory system is functions include gas exchan
reproduction
skeletal muscles cause the skeleton to move at joi
lymph
shortening in smooth muscle • actin & myosin overl
since they produce both hormones and ova. these hu
there is no return circuit. the blood moves throug
the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the
atria. the top two chambers that receive blood fro
cardiac
hydrophilic gel that serves the optical functions
jellylike
colourless
transparent
( the anaerobic respiration in human muscle tissue
human heart
a specialised form of dense connective tissue cons
the computer as we know it today had its beginning
endocrine pancreas
od yuanpei universityyuanpei university department
odwalter huang
astigmatismastigmatismastigmatism walter huang
looking up at a fixation target while examiners se
tonometry • tonometry is the procedure performed t
1911 introduced the illumination system which had
developed a binocular microscope which provided st
which includes the –eyelid –cornea –sclera –conjun
of the human eye
or frontal structures
. introduction biomicroscope derives its name fr
f> m • thickest posteriorly • gradually becomes th
elder
with age • thinner- children
connective tissue coat of eyeball. • it continues
drainage and nerve supply 2. introduction • sclera
1. introduction gross anatomy layers blood
and the iris regulates the amount of light by cont
surrounding the pupil. light enters the eye throug
consisting mainly of smooth muscle
the pupil is an opening located in the center of t
buffers and lubricates the corneal surface deliv
the tear film constitutes three layers :- an o
non regenerative + made up of condensed collagen f
flattened cells + cells are attached by to each ot
wing
entire epithelial layer is replaced every 6-8 days
watch-glass like structure. forms 1/6th part of ou
avascular
introduction transparent
tenon’s capsule & the episcleral tissue are fused
the conjunctiva
circular and opaque fibres of sclera 3. continue….
and is the site of surgical incisions for cataract
contains the pathways of aqueous humour outflow
limbus… • the limbus forms the border between the
a practical approach by sudi patel & kenny j blade
michael mercandetti & brian g. brazzo. the dry e
and surgery by adam j. cohen
management
diagnosis
extraocular musles(eom) they are six in number fo
macrophages and lymphocytes avascular structure d
dense vascularised layer of connective tissue fib
diseases of sclera 2. anatomy • sclera posterior
any process which upsets the anatomy or physiology
peculiar arrangement of corneal lamella and cornea
so that a clear retinal image is formed. • normal
main physiologic function of cornea is to act as a
new delhi 2. anatomy it is the mucous membrane cov
symptomatology and classification pranay shinde dn
physiology
conjunctiva: anatomy
medications and age.
accidents
blue light receptors and green light receptors. •
the nerve layer at the back of the eye. 4. what is
under normal lighting conditions. •this condition
or perceive color differences
is the inability or decreased ability to see color
or color vision deficiency
king abdulaziz university hospital 30 dec 14 2. •
riyadh
colour vision deficiency presented by : optometris
via the ophthalmic division (upper lid) and maxill
impairing function and cosmesis. 4. innervation -
distribution and drainage of tears 3. lid movement
anatomy & physiology lecturer: tatyana v. ryazants
lactate in higher am
pyruvate
its viscocity is 1.025-1.040 • osmotic pressure: s
anatomy and physiology of aqueous humor sumit sing
vitreous humour 1. vitreous humour 2. general feat
or too littleif absorption isaproblem. vitamin a -
so you can get too much
especially liver. fat soluble
also meat
b12 vitamin d vitamin e vitamin k a few wordsabout
b9
b7
b6
b5
b3
b2
vitamins all 1. vitamins. definition - organic com
and other protein. it wash away debris and irrit
tear film 1. tear film 2. the outer most layer o
tca cycle
dehydration and kidney damage o physical character
diabetes and renal disease. urine volume may be de
abnormal constituents of urine 1. abnormal constit
kidney and mammary glands. fatty acids synthase
adipose tissue
the 16c saturated fatty acids. the process occur
synthesis 1. synthesis of fatty acids 2. fatty a
retina 1. retina 2. photoreceptor cells • these ar
propene 4. mnemonic for first four prefixes first
butyne methene
nonane ethyne
3c alkene heptane
4c alkyne 1c
9c alkane 2c
but a is dropped when next to a vowel. e.g. a 6 c
all end in a
or -yne 2) the number of carbons is given by a “pr
-ene
3) side chain type and position 1) name will end i
2) # of carbons
choose a method that shows all hs ch3ch=chch3 usin
hydrocarbon nomenclature 1. naming hydrocarbons (n
1 mol. of glucose will utilize the pyruvic acid an
co2. 3. o in normal conditions all the glucose con
water
glucose / glycogen converted to pyruvate yeilding
vitamins and other nutrients supplied to cornea by
amino acid
with minor amount supplied by the aqueous and limb
corneal metabolism 1. o cornea requires energy for
soybeans and tofu.
figs
enriched soy and rice milk products
broccoli
blackstrap molasses
almonds
seafood (eating salmon with the bones provides an
such as green leafy vegetables
it is also available from other food sources
and blood clotting. calcium also acts as an enzyme
circulatory health
muscle maintenance
cardiovascular health
pth and calcitonin. functions of calcium. calc
calcium metabolism disorders 1. calcium metabolism
vitamins
and k water-soluble vitamins ascorbic acid (vi
e
d
02 vitamin a 1. vitamin a general biochemistry a
vitamin a
stereoisomerism • same molecular formula and same
• the compounds possessing identical molecular fo
minerals and vitamins.)
but have important roles in maintaining life
food represents complex organic molecules which re
a significant amount of energy is obtained from an
indirectly from the sun. in more affluent societie
therefore
and
a system needs energy for synthesis and maintenanc
of the system. to build complex structures require
or entropy
a living organism is a highly complex and unstable
biomedical
biology
i.e. eating and drinking. • propulsion :-this mixe
2. digestion • the process of conversion of comple
moisturizes the air 4. 2. pharynx • place where th
warms
respiratory system 1. human respiration {includes
and eye movement d i s o r d e r s(c) 2015 wolters
accommodative
– vertical or rotational). c l i n i c a l m a n a
– direction (horizontal
– amplitude ( coarse or fine)
evaluation of a case of nystagmus presenter-himans
now with persistent hip pain and doubtful x-rays
after total hip replacement
skeletal system: anatomy/physiology/ bone scintigr
skeletal
without reaching anoxia. 2. high altitude. low
or tissues
arterial blood
hypoxia is o2 deficiency at the tissue level.
hypoxia
these are called glandular epithelia.
these are called covering epithelia. epithelial ce
cavities and tubes. so
it is a group of cells working together mainly ins
. definition of tissues biological tissue is a col
respiration is a biochemical activity taking place
using it for releasing energy by burning food and
respiration process which involves taking in oxyge
human heart anatomy and physiology 2. introduction
the second year students will be able to gain know
published in: health & medicine 0 comments 0 lik
human philosophy
human anatomy
like
general terms
introduction in human anatomy 2. anatomy • definit
telescope 1. telescopes 2. telescopes represent an
thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the
be the first to comment anatomy and physiology o
loss visual impairment
reduced sensitivity hearing
healthcare
s of a dead body to determine cause of death
– autopsy: examination of organ
or diagnostic purposes
• histology: microscopic study of tissues – biopsy
s – epithelial – connective – muscle – nervous
and cell function • major types of adult tissue
composition of noncellular extracellular matrix
epithelium cellstissues histology 1. chapter 4 tis
history of epithelium
hormones and their role
h work under endocrine system what are their
role in our body the glands whic
what is endocrine system what is exocrine system
in: devices & hardware 0 comments 0 likes 0 dow
such as an ulcer • crust- dead cells that form ove
or by depressions in the skin surface
such as a crust or scab
shape and color bulla cyst nodule papule pustule t
abnormally developed sac that is filled with fluid
and nails lesions of the skin a lesion is a mark o
hair
skincosmetologist needs to understand the underlyi
skin
all organs have some amount of connective tissue i
blood)
1. connective tissue is one of the four tissue ty
type of tissues
circulation bloodvessels heart blood diseases circ
circulatorysystem
cells make up living things and carry outmake up l
cellsfunction of life. in other words
what are cells?what are cells? what is a cell?wh
cytoplasm jelly-like material that fills the cel
of a cell know the functions of all the basic or
or organelles
upon completing this lesson you will: know the n
embryonic development •the nervous system develops
landmarks of the brain • the brain is divided into
the vessels functions: distribution of blood e
ulatory system arteries arterioles capillari
xchange of m
functions: distribution of blood
closed circulatory system arteries arteriol
nerve supply in total eye
totally blood supply in eyes
nerve supply of eye
central retinal arter
• all structures are supplied by branches of inte
blood supply of eye
blood consists of 3 types of specialized cellul
mechanism & disorders
plasma volume • blood volume • plasma composition
centriolės
ventricles
lysosomes
mitochondria
cells organ
ribosome
cytoplasm
rna
dna
chromatin
objective anatomy of cells nucleus nuclear membra
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
body tissue
objective theory of atom dalton`theory thomson
atomic molecules
ion of elements
molecules
atoms
cartilages
contents formation of bone classification of b
bone
anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland
human body
anatomy and physiology of human body
full hair skin
skin disease
impaired conduction of the physical stimulus to th
reduced sensitivity hearing loss visual impairment
such as the flight or fight response parasympathet
skeletal muscles and central nervous system you co
somatic nervous system relay information between s
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
cns
pns
nervous system
“the right half of the brain controls the left hal
filtration ~ 180 liters filtered out/day reabsorpt
nephron anatomy
nephron
slides
and the immune response.
reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid: returns it to
lymphatic systems
what is lymph ? tissue fluid (interstitial flui
adaptive (specific) defense system third line of d
body defense
adaptive
innate system
immune system
and/or volume can lead to compromised blood flow t
circulatory system
shock syndromeshock syndrome • shock is a conditio
shock
pulse
for
in what way? cardiac problems may present as a r
‘strong’ or ‘bounding’. 8 think about the rhythm o
‘faint’
but an experienced nurse will compare it with wha
you must measure the pulse for a full minute. 6 r
measure the pulse for 30 seconds. double the numb
wait 20 minutes before taking the reading. this w
you can proceed. if the answer is yes
or otherwise exerted themself in the last 20 minu
climbed stairs
ask whether the patient has walked
age pulse rate (beats per minute) newborn (resting
it can be easily nibbed away in transfrontal orbi
clinical significance: * a sharp object injury thr
eye orbital
orbital
neurons
sensory neurons – picks up the stimuli (nerve impu
sometimes achieving a weight of several hundred gr
it weighs 15-20 g but is capable of enormous growt
on each side of & anterior to the trachea. the thy
thyroid hormones
introduction the clear fluid filling the space in
case study
education
found in hepatocytes that line the bile canaliculi
found in hepatocytes released when liver cells dam
enzymes
liver diseases
linkedin
liver
functions in excretion forms urea changes toxic wa
kidney
gas exchange at lungs and cells
human excretory system
earnings
or visceral peritoneum: covers organs within perit
the digestive organs and the peritoneum lined with
digestive system
clinical considerations noncommunicating (obstruct
cnf
body circulation
body blood
cardivascular system
cardiovascular system
such as fish and amphibians. the cross section o
including a cerebellum and cortex. the cortex is
different animal species have many structures in c
brains
cerebral cortex
tunica interna – innermost endothelium of simple s
anatomy of blood vessel
iris ciliary body choroid
uvea
structurally and functionallyindivisible • color
uvea constitutes- middle vascular coat • 3 parts-
whereas this occurred between persons of different
of human blood. landsteiner also found out that b
which he labelled as c
and o
b
he succeeded in identifying the three blood group
he found that this effect was due to contact of bl
karl landsteiner found out that the blood of two p
and immunologist. father of transfusion medicine .
physician
1943). austrian biologist
1868 – june 26
karl landsteiner (june 14
extremities)
ribs and vertebra) appendicular skeleton (pelvis
support of the body protection of soft organs move
and transport of gases in the blood.
gas exchange at lungs and cells
includes ventilation
and protection from foreign substances. respirati
vocalization
ph regulation
spirometry is the measurement of the flow and volu
developed by cdri.
the programme “family planning” initiated in 1951.
it is the primary female sex organs that produce
located outside the abdominal cavity within a pouc
human reproduction
bulb.
offset
tuber
sucker
rhizome
chlamydomonas. conidia: penicillium. bud: hydr
paramecium. budding: e.g. yeast. asexual repro
cell division as a method of asexual reproduction
defined as a biological process in which an organ
erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukocytes (white b
and fluid volume protection from blood loss- plate
deliver o2 remove metabolic wastes maintain temper
1. locomotion 2. vasoconstriction and vasodilat
• skeletal muscle • cardiac muscle – both striated
sperm • producing heat – involuntary contractions
food and fluids
air
urine
metabolit
hormones
1. rhythmicity 2. excitability 3. conductivity 4.
cardiac myocytes act as a single functional unit
cardiac myocytes are short branched striated mus
when a sufficient stimulus is received. this chara
or contract
causing them to respond. contractility - the abili
such as in the shoulder and knee joints¯ heat prod
such as sitting or standing. stabilize joints - sk
urinary bladder
and running. cardiac muscle contraction maintains
such as walking
muscles perform four functions. movement or motion
through contractions
and the sarcoplasmic reticulum refers to the smoot
the sarcoplasm refers to the cytoplasm
the sarcolemma refers to the muscle cell membrane
looser arrangement of its contractile filaments. i
respectively. smooth muscle lacks striations due t
which are arranged into thin and thick filaments
repetitive organization of two filamentous contrac
and smooth. skeletal and cardiac muscle are classi
three types of muscle tissue are recognized: skele
and thereby accomplish mechanical movements as a c
overview muscle is a tissue characterized by irrit
living human being.
since in addition to providing support they also m
the long bones appear in both the skeletal and the
we have briefly discussed some of the processes an
on the left-hand pages
but of processes. thus
we are not made of things
but by using this scientific method we can keep le
ever-changing world. we know that we do not unders
contradictory
and analysing. we are complex living beings in a c
experimenting
hypothesizing
we can learn the answer to this question by observ
tunicates
vertebrates
thus insect hearts are neurogenic. in contrast
heart contraction is initiated and regulated predo
multinucleated muscle cell sarcolemma = plasma (ce
cylindrical
a segment gross anatomy deep fascia = binds larg
single contracting unit of a myofibril
complex organelle composed of bundles of myofilam
muscle (organ) fascicle (a portion of the muscle)
or sarco – word relates to muscle each muscle is a
mys
smooth muscle cells are called muscle fibers contr
three types: skeletal
it is a group of cells working together mainly in
biological tissue is a collection of interconnecte
infarction or aseptic necrosis assess prosthetic
increased alkaline phosphatase levels (enzyme use
detect/stage metastatic disease & follow-up evalua
it is specialized further into 4 regions somatic s
and ventral dorsal half – sensory roots and gangli
lateral (only in thoracic region)
it is divided into horns dorsal
recall
spinal cord
vitreous humour is an inert
vitreous humour
breathing mechanism by which organisms obtain oxy
respiration is a biochemical activity taking plac
using it for releasing energy by burning food and
process which involves taking in oxygen into the c
respiration
functions transport oxygen and nutrients to the lu
differentiate anatomy and physiology of the human
• osseous tissue
an acrobatic art form and one of the circus arts
disposable paper used for nose-blowing. wrapping t
soft
a type of thin
translucent paper used for wrapping and cushioning
cells that together carry out a specific function
tissue
simple past and past continuous
ppt
indefinite and define articles
we need any policeman who is available.
referring to any member of a group. for example:
a" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indef
all tenses
present perfect
the past perfect & the past perfect continuous
tenses
present continuous
present perfect continuous
form (affirmative) s+ have been v-ing + comp.
introduction what is a noun? what is an adjective?
basic computer
computer
computer basics
glucacon
physiology of insulin
metabolism of insulin
glucose
peptides
insulin
cranial nerve in optometry
cranial nerve in ophthalmology
action of cranial nerve in eye
and visual acuity through
testing of the cranial nerve through vision chart
cranial nerve action
types of cranial nerve
cranial nerve
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SENSORY SYSTEM AND DISORDERS
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Há 5 anos
Nephron anatomy
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Lymphatic system (function of lymphatic systems)
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Shock type recondition and therapy
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Aqueous humour products and drainage
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Liver disease(liver functions)
C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE MORADABAD UTTER PRADESH
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Human Excretory System (lungs, kidney)
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MUSCLES (THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES IN THE BODY)
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TISSUES OF BODY (EPITHELIUM, CONNECTIVE)
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formations of tissues in body
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Anatomy And Physiology of skin
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Simple Past and Past Continuous Tense
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The Past Perfect & The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
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Present Perfect Continuous
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Basic Computer 208 part 2
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ENDOCRINE PANCREAS, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
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Proptosis
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