Personal Information
Setor
Medical / Health Care / Pharmaceuticals
Sobre
worked as Associate professor Biochemistry GGMC ,Mumbai and Professor DYPMC Ebene
Marcadores
scurvy
phenylketonuria
infantile scurvy
functions of vitamin c
fuel demand
quaternary structure of hemoglobin favors its func
constituent amino acids of triple stranded helix s
mechanism of cation exchange in ion exchange chrom
metabolism of thiamine
activation of thiamine to thiamine phosphate
structure and chemistry of thiamine
deficiency manifestations of vitamin b complex
coenzyme forms and functions of vitamin b complex
functions of kidney
functions of zinc
disposal of ammonia
obesity
purification of dna-protein
biotinylated probes in pcr
diagnostic applification of fish
western blotting
southern blotting
northern blotting
in situ hybridization
biotinylated probe
signal amplification by biotin-avidin complex i
technological applications of biotin antagonist
causes and symptoms of biotin deficiency
multiple carboxylase deficiency
biotindase deficiency
deficiency manifestations of biotin
mechanism of biotin-dependent carboxylation
metabolism of biotin
structure of biotin
potential adverse effects of megadose of vitamin c
toxicity of scurvy
therapeutic use of vitamin c
hemosiderin accumulation in scurvy
diagnosis of scurvy
clinical manifestions of infantile scurvy
internal hemorrhage in scrvy
hemorrhagic tendency in scurvy
radiological features of scurvy
clinical manifestations of scurvy
symptoms of scurvy
causes of scurvy
therapeutic use of scurvy
hypoxia inducible factor
anti-oxidant activity of vitamin c
vitamin c
interpretative microscopic urinalysis
biochemical tests for detection of urinary sulpha
urinary cholesterol crystals
morner’s test for detection of urinary tyrosine cr
urinary tyrosine and leucine crystals
urinary cystine crystals
calcium oxalate renal crystals
management of uric acid renal stones
substances present in renal stones
formation of urinary calculi
predisposing factors for renal stones formation
characteristic of urinary calculi
clinical significance of urinary crystals
unorganized deposits in urine
renal calculi and renal conditions
broad classification of urinary sediments
clinical importance of microscopic examination of
procedure for the microscopic examination of urine
precautions for the microscopic examination of the
microscopic examination of urine
myoglobinuria
hematuria and hemoglobinuria
porphyria
porphyrins and porphobilinogen
tests for urinary bile pigments
bile salts in urine
salicylates in urine
ketonuria
glycosuria
reducing substances in urine
signs and symptoms of amino aciduria
amino aciduria
micro albuminuria
bence jones proteins
urinary protein creatinine ratio
tamma horsefall protein
proteinuria
sources of urinary protein
urinalysis for abnormal constituents
urinary ethereal sulfate
urinary amylase
urinary phosphate excretion
urinary calcium excretion
urinary chloride
acid-base balance
ammonia in urine
chemical examination of urine
physical examination of urine
preservative for urine analysis
specimen collection for urinalysis
urinalysis for normal organic constituent
urinalysis for normal inorganic constituent
urinary acid load test
osmolality in response to response to adh
urine dilution test
urineconcentration test
tests for assessment of tubular functions
early symptoms of kidney failure
para amino hippuric acid
diodrast
tests determining renal blood flow
cystatin c
azotemia
diagnostic importance of serum uric acid
classification of kidney function tests
biochemical kidney function tests with their clini
nutrigenomics
drug and nutrient interactions
nutrification
nutritional status and clinical practice
nutraceuticals and their therapeutic use
nutraceuticals
therapeutic diets
safety aspects of enteral nutrition
cautious use of tpn
indication for total parenteral nutrition
routes for nutritional support
total parenteral nutrition(tpn)
fungal micro-organisms as food toxicants
pathogenic bacterial organisms as food toxicants
micro-organisms as food contaminants
toxic effects of chemicals as food contaminants
toxic effects of metals as food contaminants
naturally occurring food toxicants
food toxins and additives
food toxicants
dietary advice in diseases
special diet in diseases
dietary advice in inborn errors of metabolism
management of wilson's diease
management of cirrhosis
management of zinc deficiency
management of iodine deficiency
management of anaemia
nutritional anaemia
management of acid base imbalance
management of potassium imbalance
management of sodium imbalance
management of water imbalance
oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetes type 2
dietary management of diabetes type 1
nutritional management of clinical disorders
harris benedict equation for calorie requirement
nutritional daily requirements in elderly
objectives of nutrition in elderly
food exchange system
steps to identify calorie requirement
sequence in prescription of diet
basis of balanced diet
balanced diet
factors affecting recommended dietary allowance
recommended daily dietary allowance
prescription of diet
manifestations of toxicity of micro minerals
deficiency manifestations of micro minerals
nutritional importance of micro minerals
deficiency manifestations of macro minerals
nutritional importance of macro minerals
dietary sources of macro minerals
dietary sources of micro minerals
nutritional importance of vitamin b complex
deficiency manifestations of fat soluble vitamins
functions of fat soluble vitamins
dietary sources of ascorbic acid
dietary sources of vitamin b complex
nutritional importance of vitamins and minerals
cachexia
comparison of marasmus and kwashiorkor
principles of management of pem
clinical manifestation of marasmus
clinical manifestations of kwashiorkor
protein energy malnutrition
limiting amino acids
chemical score of dietary protein
protein efficiency ratio of dietary proteins
net protein utilisation of dietary protein
biological value of dietary protein
assessment of nutritional values of proteins
factors affecting nitrogen balance
nitrogen balance
nutritional importance of proteins
sleep and obesity
inflammation in obesity
non esterified fatty acids and obesity
retinol binding protein and obesity
resistin and obesity
tumor necrosis factor alpha and obesity
omentin
functions of adiponectin
adiponectin and obesity
gherlin and obesity
neuropeptide y and obesity
functions of leptin
leptin as a control mechanism of obesity
adipose tissue talks to brain through factors
obesity and health risk
metabolic syndrome and obesity
secondary causes of obesity
primary causes of obesity
body mass index
recommended daily dietary intake of fat
cholesterol content of blood items
cholesterol and heart diseases
nutritional importance of cholesterol
trans fatty acids
omega fatty acids
deficiency manifestation of essential fatty acids
functions of essential fatty acids
dietary sources of essential fatty acids
essential fatty acids
nutritional sources of fatty acids
nutritional importance of fatty acids
functions of phospholipids
functions of triglycerides
nutritional functions of lipids
nutritional importance of lipids
nutritional aspects of lipids
significance of bmr
factors affecting bmr
indirect calorimetry
normal values of bmr
procedure for measurement of bmr
preparation of subject for measurement of bmr
basal functions
energy requirements of a normal person
basal metabolic rate
diet for patients with diabetes mellitus
nutritional importance of glycemic index
glycemic index
high fructose corn syrup
adverse effects of dietary fibres
importance of dietary fibres
activity of dietary fibres in git
biochemical nature of dietary fibres
sources of dietary fibres in nutrtiiion
carbohydrates for vegetarians and non vegetarian
sucrose as a source of energy
starch as a source of energy
carbohydrate content of dietary sources
sources of carbohydrates
nutritional importance of carbohydrates
energy requirement for a medical student
calculation of energy requirement during moderate
energy requirement during physical activity
physical activity
physical activity of human body and nutrition
significance of specific dynamic action
mechanism of specific dynamic action
specific dynamic action of mixed diet
specific dynamic action of carbohydrates
specific dynamic action of lipids
specific dynamic action of proteins
thermogenic effect of food
specific dynamic action and nutrition
energy requirement of normal person
energy source in main storage tissue
total heat production
energy compounds preferred by organs
clinical significance of respiratory quotient
method of determination of respiratory quotient
rq
respiratory quotient of nutrients
combining stem cells and gene therapy
gene transfer by plasmid liposome
vectors
gene therapy
biochemical tests measuring tubular functions
tubular functions of kidney
glomerular dysfunctions of kidney
common biochemical tests to assess kidney function
normal daily excretion of solutes
normal composition of urine
calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rat
estimated glomerular filtration rate egfr
conditions associated with decreased glomerular fi
glomerular filtration rate gfr
tests for measuring glomerular filtration
factors affecting glomerular filtration
glomerular filtration
endocrine functions of the kidney
the formation of urine
various ways of glomerular filtration
structure and functions of kidney
functions of components of nephron of kidney
nephron as the functional unit of kidney
capping at 5’end of primary transcript
post transcriptional modifications of inactive pri
post transcriptional modifications of heterogenous
post transcriptional modification of eukaryotic rr
comparison of post transcriptional modifications o
ribozymes in eukaryotes
mechanism of intrinsic termination of transcriptio
process of elongation of transcription in eukaryot
formation of preinitiation complex pic
transcription factors tf of in eukaryotes
role of silencer of transcription in eukaryotes
dysregulation of myc gene and leukemia
dysregulation of myc gene and burkitt lymphoma
cancer and enhancers of transcription in eukaryote
silent features of enhancers of transcription in e
locations of enhancer sequences
components of rna polymerase ii promoter
upstream regulatory element ure in eukaryotes
silent features of eukaryotic promoter region
comparison of eukaryotic rna polymerases used in t
autonomously replicating sequence
types and functions of eukaryotic dna polymerases
eukaryotic dna replication
role of tus ter in termination of dna replication
termination of dna replication in prokaryotes
proofreading function of dna polymerases
nick translation
mechanism of action of ligase in dna replication
functions of dna ligase
elongation of dna replication in prokaryotes
initiation of dna replication in prokaryotes
dna polymerases in e. coli
primosome
the primer
functions and mechanism of action of topoisomerase
functions of single binding proteins ssb in dna re
functions of helicases in dna replication
proteins involved in initiation of dna replication
functions of deoxy-ribonucleic acids
the central dogma of molecular biology
recent trends in study of higher level of protein
use of a peptide map in determining a mutation in
finger printing method ingham's technique
ordering peptide fragments by establishing overlap
advantages of edman's reagent over sanger’s reagen
4 dinitro benzene fdnb and edman’s reagent pheny
comparison of sanger’s reagent 1-fluoro-2
schematic representation of edman’s degradation pr
edman’s degradation method for determination of am
determination of primary structure of each peptide
side specific hydrolysis of polypeptide chain usi
detection of n-terminal amino acid of a polypeptid
schematic representation for identification of c-t
identification of n -terminal and c-terminal amino
acid and alkali hydrolysis of polypeptide chains f
solubilizing agents for proteins
dansyl chloride in determination of the number of
steps for determining the primary structure of pro
determination of structure of proteins
role of chaperones in protein folding
diseases associated with amyloidosis due to protei
protein misfolding in amyloidosis
oxphos oxidative phosphorylation diseases
a model for the formation of infectious prions
prion diseases due to protein misfolding
schematic diagram of fibrin clot formation from fi
structure –function relationship of fibrinogen
comparison of primary structure of collagen and el
desmosine
connective tissue proteins
clinical applications of degradation of collagen s
protein structure-function relationship of menke’s
structure function relationship of c–peptide and i
amino acid substitution in primary structure of hu
protein structure-function relationship in myoglob
quaternary structure of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
disordered region of enzyme and its importance
structure-function relationship of clinically impo
clinical manifestations of ehlers-danlos syndrome
types of ehlers danlos syndrome
abnormalities associated with collagen synthesis
genetic aspects of collagen synthesis
collagen and calcific aortic valve stenosis cavs
functions of collagen
structural modification of collagen during its syn
biosynthesis of collagen
skin collagen containing tissue
covalent cross-links in collagen fibers
forces stabilizing triple helical secondary struct
tropocollagen molecule
arrangement of tropocollagen molecules in collagen
collagen molecules in collagen fibers
structure of collagen type 1
types of collagen
arrangements of collagen fibers in cartilage of bo
triple stranded helix structure of collagen
biochemical and clinical aspects of collagen
domains of globular proteins immunoglobulins and p
alteration of keratin structure in hair waving
biochemical aspects of hair curling waving
and -conformation of keratin in hair waving
hair styling dressing
importance of disulphide bonds of keratin structur
tertiary structure of proteins
protein motifs
super secondary structures of proteins
disordered region and its importance
parallel and anti-parallel beta- pleated sheet
comparison of alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet
characteristics of beta-pleated sheet
right and left-handed alpha-helix
characteristics of alpha-helix
characteristics of primary structure of proteins
four levels of protein structure
electrophoresis apparatus
schematic diagram of horizontal strip electrophore
schematic diagram for separation of proteins using
comparison of types of supporting media of zone el
classification of electrophoresis based on the mod
components of high performance liquid chromatograp
principle and instrumentation high performance liq
principle and technique of affinity chromatography
schematic diagram for steps of separation of prote
comparison of anion and cation exchanger resins us
principle of thin layer chromatography technique f
two dimensional chromatography for separation of p
ascending and descending paper chromatography for
classification chromatography for separation of pr
maker enzymes to check purity of subcellular fract
separation of subcellular organelles protein facti
schematic diagram of gel filtration
schematic diagram for full saturation and half sat
properties of proteins used for their separation
applications for separation of proteins purified
successive stages complete hydrolytic decompositio
functions of globular proteins
diagrammatic representation of fibrous and globula
classification of proteins
aspartame synthetic peptide
applications of artificially synthesized peptides
gastrin and secretin
functions of angiotensin
vasopressin adh nonapeptide maintains osmotic pres
function of oxytocin in induction of labor
bradykinin and kallikrein biologically important
enkephalins and endorphin
trh and tsh as biologically important tripeptides
role of glutathione in prevention of alzheimer's d
functions of glutathione
camosine and anserine
biologically important peptides
properties of proteins
chemistry of proteins with their clinical applicat
clinical features and management for aminoaciduria
separation of amino acids using paper electrophore
gel filtration for amino acid determination
chemical properties of amino acids
acid-base behavior of amino acids
non-standard amino acids used as drugs
non-standard amino acids
biologically important amino acid derivatives
role of amino acids formation of biogenic amines i
functions of amino acids
selenocysteine
classification of amino acids
chemistry of amino acids with their clinical appli
function of fad linked xanthine oxidase in degrada
management of primary hyperoxaluria
oxaluria and urolithiasis in primary hyperoxaluria
function fad dependent glycine transaminase in per
biochemical characteristics of primary hyperoxalur
glycine metabolism in primary hyperoxaluria
function of fad linked monoamine oxidase (mao) in
clinical features of carcinoid syndrome
fad linked monoamine oxidase in degradation of dop
clinical features of pheochromocytoma
excretory products formed from metabolic degradati
metabolism of catecholamines
function of fad dependent monoamine oxidase (mao)
neuroendocrine function of fad linked mao in catab
function of fad as a prooxidant in beta oxidation
coenzyme role of fad in alpha keto acid dehydrogen
enzymes dependent on coenzyme fmn and fad
metabolism of riboflavin in pregnancy and lactatio
regulation of metabolic interconversion of ribofla
riboflavin vitamin b2 flavoproteins and their clin
microcytic
impaired function of alpha ketoglutarate dehydrog
impaired function of pyruvate dehydrogenase comple
coenzyme role of thiamine pyrophosphate
recommended dietary allowance (rda)of thiamine
dietary sources of thiamine
properties of thiamine
sulphur containing vitamins
specific deficiency manifestations of vitamin b co
generalized deficiency manifestations of vitamin b
conditions associated with increased of dietary re
recommended daily allowance (rda) of b complex vit
aleurone layer of cereals as dietary source of b
dietary sources of b complex vitamins
properties of b complex vitamins
thiamine and biochemical aspects of beriberi
biochemical changes in thiamine deficiency
infantile beriberi
dry beriberi
wet beriberi
gastrointestinal manifestations in thiamine defici
neurological manifestations in thiamine deficiency
cardiac failure in thiamine deficiency
thiamine deficiency and alpha keto acid dehydrogen
thiamine deficiency and transketolases in hexose m
thiamine deficiency and alpha ketoglutarate dehydr
thiamine deficiency and biochemical changes in pyr
recommended dietary allowance of thiamine (vitami
deficiency manifestation of vitamin b complex
biochemical manifestations of vitamin b complex de
thiamine and beriberi
biochemical findings for diagnosis of siadh
arterial natriuretic factor in sodium and water h
biochemical findings in sodium depletion
enzyme multiplied immunoassay emit
immunohistochemistry verses immuno-fluorescence
direct and indirect immunostaining
immunohistochemical staining of human endometrium
immunocytochemistry
direct and indirect immunofluorescence
immunofluorescence
in elisa the results can be read visually pregna
applications of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
advantages of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
signal amplification by biotin avidin complex in e
competitive elisa single antibody method
double antibody technique to detect antigen sandwi
indirect technique to detect antibody
types of elisa
color complex formation in elisa
polystyrene multi well titer plates for elisa
enzymes of elisa
technique of elisa
principle of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
hypochlorhydria
hyperchlorhydria
achlorhydria
management of cystic fibrosis
diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
clinical consequences of cystic fibrosis
pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
comparison of hyperchloremia and hypochloremia
disorders of chloride metabolism
absorption and excretion of chloride
chloride shift in pulmonary capillaries
chloride shift in systemic capillaries
secretion of chloride by parietal cells
chloride in activation of pepsinogen
functions of chloride as hcl
role of chloride in gastric acid
chloride ion and anion gap
chloride metabolism
functions of chloride
water balance in the body
water output through feces
water output from lungs
water output through skin
hormonal regulation of excretion of urine
water output from the human body
antidiuretic hormone
thirst center
regulation of water content in the human body
endogenous water sources
exogenous sources of water to the human body in ba
comparison of ecf and icf
daily water transfer in human body
weight contribution by water in the human tissue
splanchnic and central compartments related with
sources of water to the human body in balanced sta
trans vascular fluids
distribution of water in a human body
functions of water
management of hyperkalemia based on ecg changes
management of hyperkalemia based on its severity
management of hyperkalemia
ecg changes in hyperkalemia
clinical symptoms of hyperkalemia
causes of hyperkalemia
interventions for hypokalemia based on serum pot
management of hypokalemia
ecg changes in hypokalemia
clinical symptoms of hypokalemia
causes of hypokalemia
disorders of potassium metabolism
role of kidney in homoeostasis of potassium
potassium ions transport across the cell membrane
role of gastrointestinal tract in homoeostasis of
homoeostasis of potassium by transcellular movemen
homoeostasis of potassium
metabolism of potassium
functions of potassium (k⁺ ) in human body
dietary sources of potassium
invitro function of vitamin e
recommended dietary allowance of vitamin e
-tocopherol to pufa ratio
retrolental fibroplasia (rlf)
causes of vitamin e deficiency
chemistry of vitamin e
absorption transport storage of vitamin e
vitamin e and its clinical applications
free radicals target polyunsaturated fatty acid
tocopherol content of fat and fat products
biochemical functions of vitamin e related with
metabolism of vitamin e
symptoms of vitamin e deficiency
biochemical functions of vitamin e related to se
reference intervals of vitamin e
catabolism of vitamin e
dietary sources of vitamin e
biochemical functions of vitamin e
tissue with high oxygen consumption and vitamin e
properties of vitamin e
osteocalcin and vitamin k
metabolism absorption and transport of vitamin k
vitamin k dependent carboxylation of the precursor
comparison of types of vitamin k
deficiency of vitamin k
factors of blood coagulation dependent on vitamin
hemorrhagic disease of newborns and deficiency of
functions of vitamin k
vitamin k and its clinical applications
chemistry of vitamin k
vitamin k dependent carboxylase
organ dependent on calcium binding protein and vi
clinical manifestation of deficiency of vitamin k
morawitz theory of blood coagulation
properties of vitamin k
mechanism of action of vitamin k and warfarin in
dietary sources of vitamin k for vegetarians and
fetal warfarin syndrome
causes and consequences of deficiency of vitamin k
vitamin k cycle in carboxylation reactions
mechanism of action of vitamin d and a steroid
dietary requirement of vitamin d
target organs of vitamin d –bone intestine and
absorption & transport of vitamin d
molecular mechanism of vitamin d3
characteristics of 25 hydroxylase and 1 hydroxyla
similarities between vitamin d and a steroid hormo
dietary sources of vitamin d
metabolism and effects of vitamin d
activation of vitamin d animal and plant by uv lig
action of vitamin d in target organ – intestin
comparison between calcitriol and calcitonin
24 25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol
synthesis of vitamin d
biochemical changes induced by vitamin d during
action of vitamin d in target organ bone osteobl
synthesis of calcium binding protein by vitamin d
comparison of 25 hydroxylase and 1 hydroxylase
essential structural characteristics of provitamin
vitamin d and its clinical applications
xeropthalmia
dietary sources of vitamin a for vegetarian and no
night blindness nyctalopia
classification of vitamins
vitamin a and its clinical applications
biochemical changes in cone cells for color vision
recommended daily allowance of vitamin a
wald’ s visual cycle
absorption storage transport of vitamin a
visual cascade involving bleaching of rhodopsin
b- complex vitamins
biosynthesis of vitamin a (retinol) from beta caro
keratomalacia
deficiency manifestations of vitamin a
dietary sources of vitamin a
chemistry of vitamin a
retinoids
visual cascade involving cyclic guanosine monophos
properties of vitamin a
role of vitamin a in color vision
selenosis
functions of selenium
keshan disease
selenium absorption and excretion
selenium as an anti -oxidant
serum selenium levels
function of selenocysteine
dietary sources of selenium
wilson's syndrome
management of copper toxicity
copper metabolism
symptoms copper toxicity
role of atpase in copper metabolism
menkes disease
hemochrombtosis
role of copper in iron metabolism
excretion of iron
triad associated with iron toxicity
dietary sources of iron
dietary requirement of iron
iron toxicity
absorption and transport of iron
occurrence of iron in human body
conservation of iron in human body
hemosiderosis
diagnosis of hemosiderosis
biochemical functions of iron
control of iron homeostasis by hepcidin
homeostasis of phosphorous
daily dietary requirement of phosphorus
different forms of phosphorous in human body
acidosis and phosphorous metabolism
functions of phosphorous
zinc as an antioxidant
zinc and rna polymerase
zinc and insulin storage
comparison of zinc toxicity and deficiency
causes and symptoms of zinc deficiency
dietary sources of zinc
symptoms of zinc toxicity
normal serum zinc levels
chaperon proteins and zinc
symptoms of magnesium deficiency
magnesium metabolism
magnesium rich food
daily dietary requirement of magnesium
hypomagnesemia
causes of magnesium deficiency
functions of magnesium
daily dietary requirement of calcium
i
pth
tetany
vitamin d
role of calcium in insulin secretion
factors regulating blood calcium levels
osteoporosis
functions of calcium
calcium homoestasis
absorption of calcium
hypercalcemia
factors affecting calcium absorption
heme synthesis
thalasemmia
porphyria'
differential diagnosis of jaundice
classification of jaundice
anemia
heme degradation
sickle cell anaemia
isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase
enzymes indicated in heart diseases
clinical significance of enzymes
comparison of isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase
physio-chemical properties of isoenzymes
properties and diagnostic uses of enzymes
enzymes indicated in kidney diseases
enzymes indicated in bone diseases
enzyme units
enzymology clinical significance of enzymes & isoe
enzymes indicated in muscle diseases
comparison between functional plasma enzymes and
therapeutic uses of enzymes
principle and clinical significance of alanine tra
principle and clinical significance of aspartate t
factors affecting enzyme estimations
enzymes indicated in prostrate diseases
conditions associated with significant elevation i
techniques for estimation of enzymes
enzymes indicated liver diseases
irreversible inhibition
inhibition of neurotransmission at synaptic juncti
neurotransmission at synaptic junction by neurotra
dfp – inhibits serine proteases
di isopropyl fluorophosphate(dfp )
competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition
allosteric regulation allosteric inhibitor alloste
irreversible inhibition of enzymes with sh group -
malathione – insecticide
irreversible enzyme inhibition
types of enzyme inhibition
reversible enzyme inhibition
cyanide
iodoacetamide
allosteric regulation change of three dimensional
fluoride
bal –british anti levisite- antidote for heavy m
classification of enzyme inhibition
enzymology :types of enzyme inhibition & therapeut
irreversible inhibition of acetyl choline esterase
absolute specificity of enzymes
substrate structural features
active site of chymotrypsin
positioning site catalytic site active site
specificity of fumarase & aspartase
enzymology enzyme specificity-types & applications
mapping of enzyme active site
enzyme structural features
applications of enzyme specificity
lock & key hypothesis of enzyme specificity
hydrolysis of peptide bonds by chymotrypsin
rigid & geometrical specificity
types of enzyme specificity
broad specificity of trypsin
broad specificity of enzymes
michaelis menten equation
enzymology factors affecting enzyme activity& kine
optimum temperature for most body enzymes
rate enhancement by enzymes
factors affecting enzyme activity p h
factors affecting enzyme activity concentration of
factors affecting enzyme activity presence of oxi
enzyme kinetics
feed back inhibition
energy diagram for chemical reaction
line weavers burk equation-double reciprocal graph
energy diagram of chemical reaction
factors affecting enzyme activity temperature
quotient 10 q10
clinical applications of enzyme concentration as a
activation energy for catalyzed & unanalyzed reac
importance of michaelis menten equation
inborn errors of metabolism
list of factors affecting enzyme activity
isomerases
transferases serum glutamate pyruvate transaminas
definition of enzyme
transferases serum glutamate oxaloacetate transam
history of enzymes
oxido-reductases
enzymology: properties & classification
ligases
naming of enzyme
six classes of enzymes
invertase
classification of enzymes ( iub )
lyases aldolases
intracellular enzymes nonfunctional plasma enzym
hydrolases
properties of enzymes
synthesis of arginosuccinate in urea cycle
synthesis of citrulline in urea cycle
types of carbomoyl phosphate synthtase -cps i & cp
renal failure uremia
characteristics of urea synthesis
ureotelic
cleavage of arginosuccinate in urea cycle
urea end of protein metabolism
metabolism of urea in renal failure
aspartate & fumarate link urea cycle & tca cycle
formation & clinical significance of urea
ammonitelic
synthesis of carbomoyl phosphate in urea cycle by
sites of synthesis of intermediates of urea cycle
sources of atoms of urea molecule
carbomoyl phosphate synthtase -cps i of urea cycle
uricotelic
formation of urea from arginine in urea cycle
sources and fate of blood urea nitrogen(bun )
role of glycine in synthesis of cysteine
glycine metabolism
arginine glycine & methionine (sam) involved syn
role of thf in glycine metabolism and ammonia syn
clinical significance creatine & creatinine
functions of glycine in detoxification by conjuga
functions of glycine in synthesis of glutathione
functions of glycine in biosynthesis of creatine
degradation of glycine to ammonia &co2
functions of glycine in formation of purine ring
functions of glycine in collagen synthesis
functions of glycine
synthesis of glycine from glyoxalate
synthesis of glycine from serine
role of glycine biosynthesis of molecules
metabolic disorders of glycine
glycine links many metabolic pathways & biomolecul
synthesis of glycine from threonine
functions of glycine in synthesis of heme
degradation of glycine
chemical reaction involved in determination of sap
iodine number of butter adulterated with groundnut
toad skin disease---phrynoderma-deficiency of pufa
the analysis of reichert –meissl number
soybean oil & lard
definition & significance saponification number
iodine number of different fat/oils indicating de
degree of unsaturation
predict size of /chain length of constituent fatt
comparison of saponification number of palm oil &
biological value –energy yield of fat
comparison of iodine number & saponification numbe
average molecular size of constituent fatty acids
content of unsaturated fatty acids
biochemical tests for purity of fats & oils
significance of characterization of fats &oils
to check adulteration
content of volatile fatty acids of butter
definition & significance reichert –meissl numb
definition & significance iodine number
comparison of synthesis of glutamate & glutamine
inter relation of alpha –ketoglutarate(α kga )
synthesis of gaba from glutamate /glutamine
transport of amino group :glucose & alanine cycle
glutamate & glutamine
glutamine
linking of aspartate glutamine & asparagine
aspartate & asparagine :linking of tca with urea c
aspartate links tca cycle with urea cycle
aspartate as source of nitrogen atom in urea molec
formation and fate of glutamate & glutamine
aspartate & asparagine
oaa -linking of carbohydrate metabolism with prote
functions of aspartate & asparagine
transamination-aspartate & glutamate
entry of glutamate into tca cycle via alpha –k
metabolism of glutamate
malate –aspartate shuttle
role of glutamine & aspartate in synthesis of pyr
fate of amino acids in human body
diagnosis of phenylketonuria-guthrie test
diagnosis of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria-& chromosome 12
phenylketonuria & mental retardation
homogentisate oxidase & phenylketonuria
biochemical classification of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria- urinary excretion of metabolites
phenyl alanine & growth of e.coli
phenylketonuria-defective hormone synthesis
symptoms of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria & serotonin
biochemical tests for phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria- mousy odor of urine
phenylketonuria & central nervous system
hypopigmentation
causes of phenylalanine 1. genetic mutation of ph
metabolism of phenyl alanine & tyrosine
phenylketonuria-defective melanin synthesis
inheritance of phenylketonuria
site & purpose of oxidative deamination
definition of deamination
glutamate dehydrogenase
significance of ast:alt ratio
non- oxidative deamination histidine
transdeamination
role of transamination in amino acid metabolism
regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)
entry points of amino acids in tca cycle
role of pyridoxal phosphate in transamination
reactions catalyzed by sgot and sgpt
definition & clinical significance of transaminati
transamination & deamination
non- oxidative deamination by de sulphhydratases
oxidative deamination by glutamate dehydrogenase (
overview of glutamate &glutamine metabolism
oxidative deamination of amino acid oxidases (l-am
mechanism of transamination
non- oxidative deamination
fate of carbon skeletons of amino acids
sources of ammonia
formation of ammonia
types of hyperammonemmia & defective enzyme a comp
transport & storage of ammonia
metabolism of ammonia
symptoms of hyperammonemia
causes of hyperammonemia
toxicity of ammonia
functions of ammonia
comparison of cardiac markers
serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh )
atherosclerosis the modifiable risk factors of ca
iso enzymes of creatinine phosphokinase (cpk)prec
cardiac profile tests :c reactive protein ( crp )
cardiac troponin i &t
coronary emboli of various nature from diffirent s
homocystein as a cardiac marker
cardiac troponins
coronary atheroma
comparison between cardiac troponin i & troponin t
cardiac biomarker :iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrog
non-modifiable risk factors of cardiac diseases
serum creatinine phosphor kinase (cpk )
serum apartate amino transferase (ast )
classification of cardiac profile tests
precipitation factors of ihd –ischaemic heart di
clinical manifestation
causes of homocysteinuria
myoglobin (mb )
sources and utilization of cholesterol
bds
transport of cholesterol
utilization of cholesterol
excretion of cholesterol (only one way )
site of cholestrol biosynthesis
cholesterol metabolism
biosynthesis of cholesterol –reactions involved
utilization of cholesterol for synthesis of vita
utilization of cholesterol -synthesis of steroid h
cholesterol lowering drugs
limiting enzymes: hmg coa reductase . clinical sig
lcat ( lecithin –cholesterol acyl tranferase)
regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
importance of anion gap in detection of metabolic
hco³⁻ reabsorption and nh ₃ production pco₂
ratio involved
imidazole group histidine of hemoglobin
biochemical mechanisms of acid-base balance an
glutaminase
and glycine oxidase in ammonia mechanism in kidney
concentration of k⁺ in icf (intracellular fluid)
front line defense
l- amino acid oxidase
importance of glutaminase
role renal mechanism during acidosis and alkalosis
ratio
comparison of buffering action of hemoglobin verse
second line defense (kidney) and dilution factor i
urinary anion gap as indicator of effective renal
ammonia mechanism
phosphate mechanism
advantages and disadvantages of bicarbonate bu
basic concepts of buffers & their types
molecular mechanismv
metabolism of xenobiotic (detoxification) by oxid
definition of detoxification
hydrolysis& conjugation
characteristics of cytochrome p450& its mode of a
detoxification of endogenous & exogenous toxic su
reduction
chemistry of carbohydrates
digestion & absorption of carbohydrates
phospholipid chemistry & lipid storage diseases
ethanol metabolism metar
atherosclerosis
triglycerol metabolism
cancer biochemistry
ketosis & management
fructose metabolism
galactose metabolism
blood glucose regulation
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(1)Protein structure
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Medical / Health Care / Pharmaceuticals
Sobre
worked as Associate professor Biochemistry GGMC ,Mumbai and Professor DYPMC Ebene
Marcadores
scurvy
phenylketonuria
infantile scurvy
functions of vitamin c
fuel demand
quaternary structure of hemoglobin favors its func
constituent amino acids of triple stranded helix s
mechanism of cation exchange in ion exchange chrom
metabolism of thiamine
activation of thiamine to thiamine phosphate
structure and chemistry of thiamine
deficiency manifestations of vitamin b complex
coenzyme forms and functions of vitamin b complex
functions of kidney
functions of zinc
disposal of ammonia
obesity
purification of dna-protein
biotinylated probes in pcr
diagnostic applification of fish
western blotting
southern blotting
northern blotting
in situ hybridization
biotinylated probe
signal amplification by biotin-avidin complex i
technological applications of biotin antagonist
causes and symptoms of biotin deficiency
multiple carboxylase deficiency
biotindase deficiency
deficiency manifestations of biotin
mechanism of biotin-dependent carboxylation
metabolism of biotin
structure of biotin
potential adverse effects of megadose of vitamin c
toxicity of scurvy
therapeutic use of vitamin c
hemosiderin accumulation in scurvy
diagnosis of scurvy
clinical manifestions of infantile scurvy
internal hemorrhage in scrvy
hemorrhagic tendency in scurvy
radiological features of scurvy
clinical manifestations of scurvy
symptoms of scurvy
causes of scurvy
therapeutic use of scurvy
hypoxia inducible factor
anti-oxidant activity of vitamin c
vitamin c
interpretative microscopic urinalysis
biochemical tests for detection of urinary sulpha
urinary cholesterol crystals
morner’s test for detection of urinary tyrosine cr
urinary tyrosine and leucine crystals
urinary cystine crystals
calcium oxalate renal crystals
management of uric acid renal stones
substances present in renal stones
formation of urinary calculi
predisposing factors for renal stones formation
characteristic of urinary calculi
clinical significance of urinary crystals
unorganized deposits in urine
renal calculi and renal conditions
broad classification of urinary sediments
clinical importance of microscopic examination of
procedure for the microscopic examination of urine
precautions for the microscopic examination of the
microscopic examination of urine
myoglobinuria
hematuria and hemoglobinuria
porphyria
porphyrins and porphobilinogen
tests for urinary bile pigments
bile salts in urine
salicylates in urine
ketonuria
glycosuria
reducing substances in urine
signs and symptoms of amino aciduria
amino aciduria
micro albuminuria
bence jones proteins
urinary protein creatinine ratio
tamma horsefall protein
proteinuria
sources of urinary protein
urinalysis for abnormal constituents
urinary ethereal sulfate
urinary amylase
urinary phosphate excretion
urinary calcium excretion
urinary chloride
acid-base balance
ammonia in urine
chemical examination of urine
physical examination of urine
preservative for urine analysis
specimen collection for urinalysis
urinalysis for normal organic constituent
urinalysis for normal inorganic constituent
urinary acid load test
osmolality in response to response to adh
urine dilution test
urineconcentration test
tests for assessment of tubular functions
early symptoms of kidney failure
para amino hippuric acid
diodrast
tests determining renal blood flow
cystatin c
azotemia
diagnostic importance of serum uric acid
classification of kidney function tests
biochemical kidney function tests with their clini
nutrigenomics
drug and nutrient interactions
nutrification
nutritional status and clinical practice
nutraceuticals and their therapeutic use
nutraceuticals
therapeutic diets
safety aspects of enteral nutrition
cautious use of tpn
indication for total parenteral nutrition
routes for nutritional support
total parenteral nutrition(tpn)
fungal micro-organisms as food toxicants
pathogenic bacterial organisms as food toxicants
micro-organisms as food contaminants
toxic effects of chemicals as food contaminants
toxic effects of metals as food contaminants
naturally occurring food toxicants
food toxins and additives
food toxicants
dietary advice in diseases
special diet in diseases
dietary advice in inborn errors of metabolism
management of wilson's diease
management of cirrhosis
management of zinc deficiency
management of iodine deficiency
management of anaemia
nutritional anaemia
management of acid base imbalance
management of potassium imbalance
management of sodium imbalance
management of water imbalance
oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetes type 2
dietary management of diabetes type 1
nutritional management of clinical disorders
harris benedict equation for calorie requirement
nutritional daily requirements in elderly
objectives of nutrition in elderly
food exchange system
steps to identify calorie requirement
sequence in prescription of diet
basis of balanced diet
balanced diet
factors affecting recommended dietary allowance
recommended daily dietary allowance
prescription of diet
manifestations of toxicity of micro minerals
deficiency manifestations of micro minerals
nutritional importance of micro minerals
deficiency manifestations of macro minerals
nutritional importance of macro minerals
dietary sources of macro minerals
dietary sources of micro minerals
nutritional importance of vitamin b complex
deficiency manifestations of fat soluble vitamins
functions of fat soluble vitamins
dietary sources of ascorbic acid
dietary sources of vitamin b complex
nutritional importance of vitamins and minerals
cachexia
comparison of marasmus and kwashiorkor
principles of management of pem
clinical manifestation of marasmus
clinical manifestations of kwashiorkor
protein energy malnutrition
limiting amino acids
chemical score of dietary protein
protein efficiency ratio of dietary proteins
net protein utilisation of dietary protein
biological value of dietary protein
assessment of nutritional values of proteins
factors affecting nitrogen balance
nitrogen balance
nutritional importance of proteins
sleep and obesity
inflammation in obesity
non esterified fatty acids and obesity
retinol binding protein and obesity
resistin and obesity
tumor necrosis factor alpha and obesity
omentin
functions of adiponectin
adiponectin and obesity
gherlin and obesity
neuropeptide y and obesity
functions of leptin
leptin as a control mechanism of obesity
adipose tissue talks to brain through factors
obesity and health risk
metabolic syndrome and obesity
secondary causes of obesity
primary causes of obesity
body mass index
recommended daily dietary intake of fat
cholesterol content of blood items
cholesterol and heart diseases
nutritional importance of cholesterol
trans fatty acids
omega fatty acids
deficiency manifestation of essential fatty acids
functions of essential fatty acids
dietary sources of essential fatty acids
essential fatty acids
nutritional sources of fatty acids
nutritional importance of fatty acids
functions of phospholipids
functions of triglycerides
nutritional functions of lipids
nutritional importance of lipids
nutritional aspects of lipids
significance of bmr
factors affecting bmr
indirect calorimetry
normal values of bmr
procedure for measurement of bmr
preparation of subject for measurement of bmr
basal functions
energy requirements of a normal person
basal metabolic rate
diet for patients with diabetes mellitus
nutritional importance of glycemic index
glycemic index
high fructose corn syrup
adverse effects of dietary fibres
importance of dietary fibres
activity of dietary fibres in git
biochemical nature of dietary fibres
sources of dietary fibres in nutrtiiion
carbohydrates for vegetarians and non vegetarian
sucrose as a source of energy
starch as a source of energy
carbohydrate content of dietary sources
sources of carbohydrates
nutritional importance of carbohydrates
energy requirement for a medical student
calculation of energy requirement during moderate
energy requirement during physical activity
physical activity
physical activity of human body and nutrition
significance of specific dynamic action
mechanism of specific dynamic action
specific dynamic action of mixed diet
specific dynamic action of carbohydrates
specific dynamic action of lipids
specific dynamic action of proteins
thermogenic effect of food
specific dynamic action and nutrition
energy requirement of normal person
energy source in main storage tissue
total heat production
energy compounds preferred by organs
clinical significance of respiratory quotient
method of determination of respiratory quotient
rq
respiratory quotient of nutrients
combining stem cells and gene therapy
gene transfer by plasmid liposome
vectors
gene therapy
biochemical tests measuring tubular functions
tubular functions of kidney
glomerular dysfunctions of kidney
common biochemical tests to assess kidney function
normal daily excretion of solutes
normal composition of urine
calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rat
estimated glomerular filtration rate egfr
conditions associated with decreased glomerular fi
glomerular filtration rate gfr
tests for measuring glomerular filtration
factors affecting glomerular filtration
glomerular filtration
endocrine functions of the kidney
the formation of urine
various ways of glomerular filtration
structure and functions of kidney
functions of components of nephron of kidney
nephron as the functional unit of kidney
capping at 5’end of primary transcript
post transcriptional modifications of inactive pri
post transcriptional modifications of heterogenous
post transcriptional modification of eukaryotic rr
comparison of post transcriptional modifications o
ribozymes in eukaryotes
mechanism of intrinsic termination of transcriptio
process of elongation of transcription in eukaryot
formation of preinitiation complex pic
transcription factors tf of in eukaryotes
role of silencer of transcription in eukaryotes
dysregulation of myc gene and leukemia
dysregulation of myc gene and burkitt lymphoma
cancer and enhancers of transcription in eukaryote
silent features of enhancers of transcription in e
locations of enhancer sequences
components of rna polymerase ii promoter
upstream regulatory element ure in eukaryotes
silent features of eukaryotic promoter region
comparison of eukaryotic rna polymerases used in t
autonomously replicating sequence
types and functions of eukaryotic dna polymerases
eukaryotic dna replication
role of tus ter in termination of dna replication
termination of dna replication in prokaryotes
proofreading function of dna polymerases
nick translation
mechanism of action of ligase in dna replication
functions of dna ligase
elongation of dna replication in prokaryotes
initiation of dna replication in prokaryotes
dna polymerases in e. coli
primosome
the primer
functions and mechanism of action of topoisomerase
functions of single binding proteins ssb in dna re
functions of helicases in dna replication
proteins involved in initiation of dna replication
functions of deoxy-ribonucleic acids
the central dogma of molecular biology
recent trends in study of higher level of protein
use of a peptide map in determining a mutation in
finger printing method ingham's technique
ordering peptide fragments by establishing overlap
advantages of edman's reagent over sanger’s reagen
4 dinitro benzene fdnb and edman’s reagent pheny
comparison of sanger’s reagent 1-fluoro-2
schematic representation of edman’s degradation pr
edman’s degradation method for determination of am
determination of primary structure of each peptide
side specific hydrolysis of polypeptide chain usi
detection of n-terminal amino acid of a polypeptid
schematic representation for identification of c-t
identification of n -terminal and c-terminal amino
acid and alkali hydrolysis of polypeptide chains f
solubilizing agents for proteins
dansyl chloride in determination of the number of
steps for determining the primary structure of pro
determination of structure of proteins
role of chaperones in protein folding
diseases associated with amyloidosis due to protei
protein misfolding in amyloidosis
oxphos oxidative phosphorylation diseases
a model for the formation of infectious prions
prion diseases due to protein misfolding
schematic diagram of fibrin clot formation from fi
structure –function relationship of fibrinogen
comparison of primary structure of collagen and el
desmosine
connective tissue proteins
clinical applications of degradation of collagen s
protein structure-function relationship of menke’s
structure function relationship of c–peptide and i
amino acid substitution in primary structure of hu
protein structure-function relationship in myoglob
quaternary structure of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
disordered region of enzyme and its importance
structure-function relationship of clinically impo
clinical manifestations of ehlers-danlos syndrome
types of ehlers danlos syndrome
abnormalities associated with collagen synthesis
genetic aspects of collagen synthesis
collagen and calcific aortic valve stenosis cavs
functions of collagen
structural modification of collagen during its syn
biosynthesis of collagen
skin collagen containing tissue
covalent cross-links in collagen fibers
forces stabilizing triple helical secondary struct
tropocollagen molecule
arrangement of tropocollagen molecules in collagen
collagen molecules in collagen fibers
structure of collagen type 1
types of collagen
arrangements of collagen fibers in cartilage of bo
triple stranded helix structure of collagen
biochemical and clinical aspects of collagen
domains of globular proteins immunoglobulins and p
alteration of keratin structure in hair waving
biochemical aspects of hair curling waving
and -conformation of keratin in hair waving
hair styling dressing
importance of disulphide bonds of keratin structur
tertiary structure of proteins
protein motifs
super secondary structures of proteins
disordered region and its importance
parallel and anti-parallel beta- pleated sheet
comparison of alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet
characteristics of beta-pleated sheet
right and left-handed alpha-helix
characteristics of alpha-helix
characteristics of primary structure of proteins
four levels of protein structure
electrophoresis apparatus
schematic diagram of horizontal strip electrophore
schematic diagram for separation of proteins using
comparison of types of supporting media of zone el
classification of electrophoresis based on the mod
components of high performance liquid chromatograp
principle and instrumentation high performance liq
principle and technique of affinity chromatography
schematic diagram for steps of separation of prote
comparison of anion and cation exchanger resins us
principle of thin layer chromatography technique f
two dimensional chromatography for separation of p
ascending and descending paper chromatography for
classification chromatography for separation of pr
maker enzymes to check purity of subcellular fract
separation of subcellular organelles protein facti
schematic diagram of gel filtration
schematic diagram for full saturation and half sat
properties of proteins used for their separation
applications for separation of proteins purified
successive stages complete hydrolytic decompositio
functions of globular proteins
diagrammatic representation of fibrous and globula
classification of proteins
aspartame synthetic peptide
applications of artificially synthesized peptides
gastrin and secretin
functions of angiotensin
vasopressin adh nonapeptide maintains osmotic pres
function of oxytocin in induction of labor
bradykinin and kallikrein biologically important
enkephalins and endorphin
trh and tsh as biologically important tripeptides
role of glutathione in prevention of alzheimer's d
functions of glutathione
camosine and anserine
biologically important peptides
properties of proteins
chemistry of proteins with their clinical applicat
clinical features and management for aminoaciduria
separation of amino acids using paper electrophore
gel filtration for amino acid determination
chemical properties of amino acids
acid-base behavior of amino acids
non-standard amino acids used as drugs
non-standard amino acids
biologically important amino acid derivatives
role of amino acids formation of biogenic amines i
functions of amino acids
selenocysteine
classification of amino acids
chemistry of amino acids with their clinical appli
function of fad linked xanthine oxidase in degrada
management of primary hyperoxaluria
oxaluria and urolithiasis in primary hyperoxaluria
function fad dependent glycine transaminase in per
biochemical characteristics of primary hyperoxalur
glycine metabolism in primary hyperoxaluria
function of fad linked monoamine oxidase (mao) in
clinical features of carcinoid syndrome
fad linked monoamine oxidase in degradation of dop
clinical features of pheochromocytoma
excretory products formed from metabolic degradati
metabolism of catecholamines
function of fad dependent monoamine oxidase (mao)
neuroendocrine function of fad linked mao in catab
function of fad as a prooxidant in beta oxidation
coenzyme role of fad in alpha keto acid dehydrogen
enzymes dependent on coenzyme fmn and fad
metabolism of riboflavin in pregnancy and lactatio
regulation of metabolic interconversion of ribofla
riboflavin vitamin b2 flavoproteins and their clin
microcytic
impaired function of alpha ketoglutarate dehydrog
impaired function of pyruvate dehydrogenase comple
coenzyme role of thiamine pyrophosphate
recommended dietary allowance (rda)of thiamine
dietary sources of thiamine
properties of thiamine
sulphur containing vitamins
specific deficiency manifestations of vitamin b co
generalized deficiency manifestations of vitamin b
conditions associated with increased of dietary re
recommended daily allowance (rda) of b complex vit
aleurone layer of cereals as dietary source of b
dietary sources of b complex vitamins
properties of b complex vitamins
thiamine and biochemical aspects of beriberi
biochemical changes in thiamine deficiency
infantile beriberi
dry beriberi
wet beriberi
gastrointestinal manifestations in thiamine defici
neurological manifestations in thiamine deficiency
cardiac failure in thiamine deficiency
thiamine deficiency and alpha keto acid dehydrogen
thiamine deficiency and transketolases in hexose m
thiamine deficiency and alpha ketoglutarate dehydr
thiamine deficiency and biochemical changes in pyr
recommended dietary allowance of thiamine (vitami
deficiency manifestation of vitamin b complex
biochemical manifestations of vitamin b complex de
thiamine and beriberi
biochemical findings for diagnosis of siadh
arterial natriuretic factor in sodium and water h
biochemical findings in sodium depletion
enzyme multiplied immunoassay emit
immunohistochemistry verses immuno-fluorescence
direct and indirect immunostaining
immunohistochemical staining of human endometrium
immunocytochemistry
direct and indirect immunofluorescence
immunofluorescence
in elisa the results can be read visually pregna
applications of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
advantages of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
signal amplification by biotin avidin complex in e
competitive elisa single antibody method
double antibody technique to detect antigen sandwi
indirect technique to detect antibody
types of elisa
color complex formation in elisa
polystyrene multi well titer plates for elisa
enzymes of elisa
technique of elisa
principle of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
hypochlorhydria
hyperchlorhydria
achlorhydria
management of cystic fibrosis
diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
clinical consequences of cystic fibrosis
pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
comparison of hyperchloremia and hypochloremia
disorders of chloride metabolism
absorption and excretion of chloride
chloride shift in pulmonary capillaries
chloride shift in systemic capillaries
secretion of chloride by parietal cells
chloride in activation of pepsinogen
functions of chloride as hcl
role of chloride in gastric acid
chloride ion and anion gap
chloride metabolism
functions of chloride
water balance in the body
water output through feces
water output from lungs
water output through skin
hormonal regulation of excretion of urine
water output from the human body
antidiuretic hormone
thirst center
regulation of water content in the human body
endogenous water sources
exogenous sources of water to the human body in ba
comparison of ecf and icf
daily water transfer in human body
weight contribution by water in the human tissue
splanchnic and central compartments related with
sources of water to the human body in balanced sta
trans vascular fluids
distribution of water in a human body
functions of water
management of hyperkalemia based on ecg changes
management of hyperkalemia based on its severity
management of hyperkalemia
ecg changes in hyperkalemia
clinical symptoms of hyperkalemia
causes of hyperkalemia
interventions for hypokalemia based on serum pot
management of hypokalemia
ecg changes in hypokalemia
clinical symptoms of hypokalemia
causes of hypokalemia
disorders of potassium metabolism
role of kidney in homoeostasis of potassium
potassium ions transport across the cell membrane
role of gastrointestinal tract in homoeostasis of
homoeostasis of potassium by transcellular movemen
homoeostasis of potassium
metabolism of potassium
functions of potassium (k⁺ ) in human body
dietary sources of potassium
invitro function of vitamin e
recommended dietary allowance of vitamin e
-tocopherol to pufa ratio
retrolental fibroplasia (rlf)
causes of vitamin e deficiency
chemistry of vitamin e
absorption transport storage of vitamin e
vitamin e and its clinical applications
free radicals target polyunsaturated fatty acid
tocopherol content of fat and fat products
biochemical functions of vitamin e related with
metabolism of vitamin e
symptoms of vitamin e deficiency
biochemical functions of vitamin e related to se
reference intervals of vitamin e
catabolism of vitamin e
dietary sources of vitamin e
biochemical functions of vitamin e
tissue with high oxygen consumption and vitamin e
properties of vitamin e
osteocalcin and vitamin k
metabolism absorption and transport of vitamin k
vitamin k dependent carboxylation of the precursor
comparison of types of vitamin k
deficiency of vitamin k
factors of blood coagulation dependent on vitamin
hemorrhagic disease of newborns and deficiency of
functions of vitamin k
vitamin k and its clinical applications
chemistry of vitamin k
vitamin k dependent carboxylase
organ dependent on calcium binding protein and vi
clinical manifestation of deficiency of vitamin k
morawitz theory of blood coagulation
properties of vitamin k
mechanism of action of vitamin k and warfarin in
dietary sources of vitamin k for vegetarians and
fetal warfarin syndrome
causes and consequences of deficiency of vitamin k
vitamin k cycle in carboxylation reactions
mechanism of action of vitamin d and a steroid
dietary requirement of vitamin d
target organs of vitamin d –bone intestine and
absorption & transport of vitamin d
molecular mechanism of vitamin d3
characteristics of 25 hydroxylase and 1 hydroxyla
similarities between vitamin d and a steroid hormo
dietary sources of vitamin d
metabolism and effects of vitamin d
activation of vitamin d animal and plant by uv lig
action of vitamin d in target organ – intestin
comparison between calcitriol and calcitonin
24 25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol
synthesis of vitamin d
biochemical changes induced by vitamin d during
action of vitamin d in target organ bone osteobl
synthesis of calcium binding protein by vitamin d
comparison of 25 hydroxylase and 1 hydroxylase
essential structural characteristics of provitamin
vitamin d and its clinical applications
xeropthalmia
dietary sources of vitamin a for vegetarian and no
night blindness nyctalopia
classification of vitamins
vitamin a and its clinical applications
biochemical changes in cone cells for color vision
recommended daily allowance of vitamin a
wald’ s visual cycle
absorption storage transport of vitamin a
visual cascade involving bleaching of rhodopsin
b- complex vitamins
biosynthesis of vitamin a (retinol) from beta caro
keratomalacia
deficiency manifestations of vitamin a
dietary sources of vitamin a
chemistry of vitamin a
retinoids
visual cascade involving cyclic guanosine monophos
properties of vitamin a
role of vitamin a in color vision
selenosis
functions of selenium
keshan disease
selenium absorption and excretion
selenium as an anti -oxidant
serum selenium levels
function of selenocysteine
dietary sources of selenium
wilson's syndrome
management of copper toxicity
copper metabolism
symptoms copper toxicity
role of atpase in copper metabolism
menkes disease
hemochrombtosis
role of copper in iron metabolism
excretion of iron
triad associated with iron toxicity
dietary sources of iron
dietary requirement of iron
iron toxicity
absorption and transport of iron
occurrence of iron in human body
conservation of iron in human body
hemosiderosis
diagnosis of hemosiderosis
biochemical functions of iron
control of iron homeostasis by hepcidin
homeostasis of phosphorous
daily dietary requirement of phosphorus
different forms of phosphorous in human body
acidosis and phosphorous metabolism
functions of phosphorous
zinc as an antioxidant
zinc and rna polymerase
zinc and insulin storage
comparison of zinc toxicity and deficiency
causes and symptoms of zinc deficiency
dietary sources of zinc
symptoms of zinc toxicity
normal serum zinc levels
chaperon proteins and zinc
symptoms of magnesium deficiency
magnesium metabolism
magnesium rich food
daily dietary requirement of magnesium
hypomagnesemia
causes of magnesium deficiency
functions of magnesium
daily dietary requirement of calcium
i
pth
tetany
vitamin d
role of calcium in insulin secretion
factors regulating blood calcium levels
osteoporosis
functions of calcium
calcium homoestasis
absorption of calcium
hypercalcemia
factors affecting calcium absorption
heme synthesis
thalasemmia
porphyria'
differential diagnosis of jaundice
classification of jaundice
anemia
heme degradation
sickle cell anaemia
isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase
enzymes indicated in heart diseases
clinical significance of enzymes
comparison of isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase
physio-chemical properties of isoenzymes
properties and diagnostic uses of enzymes
enzymes indicated in kidney diseases
enzymes indicated in bone diseases
enzyme units
enzymology clinical significance of enzymes & isoe
enzymes indicated in muscle diseases
comparison between functional plasma enzymes and
therapeutic uses of enzymes
principle and clinical significance of alanine tra
principle and clinical significance of aspartate t
factors affecting enzyme estimations
enzymes indicated in prostrate diseases
conditions associated with significant elevation i
techniques for estimation of enzymes
enzymes indicated liver diseases
irreversible inhibition
inhibition of neurotransmission at synaptic juncti
neurotransmission at synaptic junction by neurotra
dfp – inhibits serine proteases
di isopropyl fluorophosphate(dfp )
competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition
allosteric regulation allosteric inhibitor alloste
irreversible inhibition of enzymes with sh group -
malathione – insecticide
irreversible enzyme inhibition
types of enzyme inhibition
reversible enzyme inhibition
cyanide
iodoacetamide
allosteric regulation change of three dimensional
fluoride
bal –british anti levisite- antidote for heavy m
classification of enzyme inhibition
enzymology :types of enzyme inhibition & therapeut
irreversible inhibition of acetyl choline esterase
absolute specificity of enzymes
substrate structural features
active site of chymotrypsin
positioning site catalytic site active site
specificity of fumarase & aspartase
enzymology enzyme specificity-types & applications
mapping of enzyme active site
enzyme structural features
applications of enzyme specificity
lock & key hypothesis of enzyme specificity
hydrolysis of peptide bonds by chymotrypsin
rigid & geometrical specificity
types of enzyme specificity
broad specificity of trypsin
broad specificity of enzymes
michaelis menten equation
enzymology factors affecting enzyme activity& kine
optimum temperature for most body enzymes
rate enhancement by enzymes
factors affecting enzyme activity p h
factors affecting enzyme activity concentration of
factors affecting enzyme activity presence of oxi
enzyme kinetics
feed back inhibition
energy diagram for chemical reaction
line weavers burk equation-double reciprocal graph
energy diagram of chemical reaction
factors affecting enzyme activity temperature
quotient 10 q10
clinical applications of enzyme concentration as a
activation energy for catalyzed & unanalyzed reac
importance of michaelis menten equation
inborn errors of metabolism
list of factors affecting enzyme activity
isomerases
transferases serum glutamate pyruvate transaminas
definition of enzyme
transferases serum glutamate oxaloacetate transam
history of enzymes
oxido-reductases
enzymology: properties & classification
ligases
naming of enzyme
six classes of enzymes
invertase
classification of enzymes ( iub )
lyases aldolases
intracellular enzymes nonfunctional plasma enzym
hydrolases
properties of enzymes
synthesis of arginosuccinate in urea cycle
synthesis of citrulline in urea cycle
types of carbomoyl phosphate synthtase -cps i & cp
renal failure uremia
characteristics of urea synthesis
ureotelic
cleavage of arginosuccinate in urea cycle
urea end of protein metabolism
metabolism of urea in renal failure
aspartate & fumarate link urea cycle & tca cycle
formation & clinical significance of urea
ammonitelic
synthesis of carbomoyl phosphate in urea cycle by
sites of synthesis of intermediates of urea cycle
sources of atoms of urea molecule
carbomoyl phosphate synthtase -cps i of urea cycle
uricotelic
formation of urea from arginine in urea cycle
sources and fate of blood urea nitrogen(bun )
role of glycine in synthesis of cysteine
glycine metabolism
arginine glycine & methionine (sam) involved syn
role of thf in glycine metabolism and ammonia syn
clinical significance creatine & creatinine
functions of glycine in detoxification by conjuga
functions of glycine in synthesis of glutathione
functions of glycine in biosynthesis of creatine
degradation of glycine to ammonia &co2
functions of glycine in formation of purine ring
functions of glycine in collagen synthesis
functions of glycine
synthesis of glycine from glyoxalate
synthesis of glycine from serine
role of glycine biosynthesis of molecules
metabolic disorders of glycine
glycine links many metabolic pathways & biomolecul
synthesis of glycine from threonine
functions of glycine in synthesis of heme
degradation of glycine
chemical reaction involved in determination of sap
iodine number of butter adulterated with groundnut
toad skin disease---phrynoderma-deficiency of pufa
the analysis of reichert –meissl number
soybean oil & lard
definition & significance saponification number
iodine number of different fat/oils indicating de
degree of unsaturation
predict size of /chain length of constituent fatt
comparison of saponification number of palm oil &
biological value –energy yield of fat
comparison of iodine number & saponification numbe
average molecular size of constituent fatty acids
content of unsaturated fatty acids
biochemical tests for purity of fats & oils
significance of characterization of fats &oils
to check adulteration
content of volatile fatty acids of butter
definition & significance reichert –meissl numb
definition & significance iodine number
comparison of synthesis of glutamate & glutamine
inter relation of alpha –ketoglutarate(α kga )
synthesis of gaba from glutamate /glutamine
transport of amino group :glucose & alanine cycle
glutamate & glutamine
glutamine
linking of aspartate glutamine & asparagine
aspartate & asparagine :linking of tca with urea c
aspartate links tca cycle with urea cycle
aspartate as source of nitrogen atom in urea molec
formation and fate of glutamate & glutamine
aspartate & asparagine
oaa -linking of carbohydrate metabolism with prote
functions of aspartate & asparagine
transamination-aspartate & glutamate
entry of glutamate into tca cycle via alpha –k
metabolism of glutamate
malate –aspartate shuttle
role of glutamine & aspartate in synthesis of pyr
fate of amino acids in human body
diagnosis of phenylketonuria-guthrie test
diagnosis of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria-& chromosome 12
phenylketonuria & mental retardation
homogentisate oxidase & phenylketonuria
biochemical classification of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria- urinary excretion of metabolites
phenyl alanine & growth of e.coli
phenylketonuria-defective hormone synthesis
symptoms of phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria & serotonin
biochemical tests for phenylketonuria
phenylketonuria- mousy odor of urine
phenylketonuria & central nervous system
hypopigmentation
causes of phenylalanine 1. genetic mutation of ph
metabolism of phenyl alanine & tyrosine
phenylketonuria-defective melanin synthesis
inheritance of phenylketonuria
site & purpose of oxidative deamination
definition of deamination
glutamate dehydrogenase
significance of ast:alt ratio
non- oxidative deamination histidine
transdeamination
role of transamination in amino acid metabolism
regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)
entry points of amino acids in tca cycle
role of pyridoxal phosphate in transamination
reactions catalyzed by sgot and sgpt
definition & clinical significance of transaminati
transamination & deamination
non- oxidative deamination by de sulphhydratases
oxidative deamination by glutamate dehydrogenase (
overview of glutamate &glutamine metabolism
oxidative deamination of amino acid oxidases (l-am
mechanism of transamination
non- oxidative deamination
fate of carbon skeletons of amino acids
sources of ammonia
formation of ammonia
types of hyperammonemmia & defective enzyme a comp
transport & storage of ammonia
metabolism of ammonia
symptoms of hyperammonemia
causes of hyperammonemia
toxicity of ammonia
functions of ammonia
comparison of cardiac markers
serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh )
atherosclerosis the modifiable risk factors of ca
iso enzymes of creatinine phosphokinase (cpk)prec
cardiac profile tests :c reactive protein ( crp )
cardiac troponin i &t
coronary emboli of various nature from diffirent s
homocystein as a cardiac marker
cardiac troponins
coronary atheroma
comparison between cardiac troponin i & troponin t
cardiac biomarker :iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrog
non-modifiable risk factors of cardiac diseases
serum creatinine phosphor kinase (cpk )
serum apartate amino transferase (ast )
classification of cardiac profile tests
precipitation factors of ihd –ischaemic heart di
clinical manifestation
causes of homocysteinuria
myoglobin (mb )
sources and utilization of cholesterol
bds
transport of cholesterol
utilization of cholesterol
excretion of cholesterol (only one way )
site of cholestrol biosynthesis
cholesterol metabolism
biosynthesis of cholesterol –reactions involved
utilization of cholesterol for synthesis of vita
utilization of cholesterol -synthesis of steroid h
cholesterol lowering drugs
limiting enzymes: hmg coa reductase . clinical sig
lcat ( lecithin –cholesterol acyl tranferase)
regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
importance of anion gap in detection of metabolic
hco³⁻ reabsorption and nh ₃ production pco₂
ratio involved
imidazole group histidine of hemoglobin
biochemical mechanisms of acid-base balance an
glutaminase
and glycine oxidase in ammonia mechanism in kidney
concentration of k⁺ in icf (intracellular fluid)
front line defense
l- amino acid oxidase
importance of glutaminase
role renal mechanism during acidosis and alkalosis
ratio
comparison of buffering action of hemoglobin verse
second line defense (kidney) and dilution factor i
urinary anion gap as indicator of effective renal
ammonia mechanism
phosphate mechanism
advantages and disadvantages of bicarbonate bu
basic concepts of buffers & their types
molecular mechanismv
metabolism of xenobiotic (detoxification) by oxid
definition of detoxification
hydrolysis& conjugation
characteristics of cytochrome p450& its mode of a
detoxification of endogenous & exogenous toxic su
reduction
chemistry of carbohydrates
digestion & absorption of carbohydrates
phospholipid chemistry & lipid storage diseases
ethanol metabolism metar
atherosclerosis
triglycerol metabolism
cancer biochemistry
ketosis & management
fructose metabolism
galactose metabolism
blood glucose regulation
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