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Racism
     Presented to
   Ms. Shahnila Tariq
     Presented By
    Zunera Ahmed
      Roll No. 20
       M.Sc. IV
Racism

                     Content of the presentation
•   Definition of racism
•   Examples of racism
•   Racism around the world
•   Difference between racism and prejudice
•   Type of Racism
•   Causes of racism
•   Effects of Racism in mental health
•   Anti-racism
•   Racism prohibition in Islam
•   Some quotations about anti-racism
•   Strategies to overcome racism
Racism

• The term racism is broader one than racial prejudice
  and it is generally used to include not only prejudice,
  but also hostility, discrimination, segregation, and other
  negative action expressed toward an ethnic group
  (Oskamp & Schultz, 2005).
Definition of racism



• Racism can be broadly defined as attitude, belief,
  behavior, or institutional arrangement that favors
  one racial group over another (Farely, 1995).


                                            Conti...
• People who are racist and have power in society can act
  against a whole group. An example of this happened in
  South Africa until 1990. Up until then, a small number
  of white people ruled over black people. The
  government kept people of different races apart. White
  people were provided with much better homes, schools,
  and hospitals (Senker , 2009).
Examples of racism
Examples of racism
Racism around the world

• Racism exists in most societies. In the united States, for
  instance, there is racism among white people among white
  people against Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians
  (Senker, 2009).
• In India, extreme right-wing Hindus believed Hindus are
  superior to Muslims (who make up about one-fifth of the
  population). They say that India should be for the Hindu and
  majority and are racist toward Muslims (senker, 2009).
Racism and Prejudice
Racism                                  Prejudice
• Some people are prejudiced            • Some people make judgments
  against others who have a               about people because of how they
  different skin color or are from a      look or behave, without even
  different ethnic group or culture.      getting to know them. This is
  They feel superior to them. This is     called prejudice (Senker 2009).
  called racism (Senker, 2009).         • For example, schoolchildren may
• For instance, in a classroom            look at another child in a wheel
  where most of the children are          chair and think he is not very
  white, they might bully the few         clever or good at his schoolwork
  black children.                         because he is disabled. However,
                                          he might be a mathematics genius:
                                          it just happens that he cannot walk
                                          well.
Types of Racism

• Individual racism           • Institutional Racism
It assumes the superiority    Institutional racism is
of one’s own racial group,    revealed by policies and
and rationalizes the          practices within
dominance and power           organizations and
generally whites over         institutions that contribute
African Americans. This       to discrimination for a
racism would be targeted at   group of people. (Allison &
an individual’s beliefs       Belgrave, 2009) .
(Allison & Belgrave,
2009).
Types of Racism

• Cultural racism               Symbolic racism
It is seen in the assumed a    Symbolic racism is
superiority of a language,     reflected in beliefs among
values, beliefs, worldviews,   whites that racial
and cultural artifacts         discrimination is no longer
dominants in a society.        a problem in this society
(Allison & Belgrave,           and that African Americans
2009).                         have obtained success
                               because they have not
                               worked hard enough for it
                               (Allison & Belgrave,
                               2009).
Causes of racism

•   Socioeconomic status
•   Mentality of superiority
•   lack of diversity in the area
•   Unfamiliarity
•   Stereotypes
•   Selfishness
•   Environmental Factors
•   Ignorance and peer pressure
•   False perception
•   The desire to exploit other people
Effects of racism in mental health

• Racism leads to a decrease sense of self-esteem.
  Positive relationship between racism and psychological
  stress
• Positive relationship between racism and self-esteem
  and life satisfaction.
• Racism also related to trauma-related symptoms
  (Harrell & Hall, 2003), depression, (Comas-Diaz &
  Greenes, 1994: Stevenson et al; 1997)
• It is also related to general psychological stress
  (Constantine & Wing, 2006).
Anti- Racism
Racism in peace
Racism in Islam

Racism is never being liked in Islam.
Understand that God Almighty created us in different colors,
creeds, races, tribes and nations, not to despise one another,
but understand our differences and love one another".




                                                 Conti….
Racism in Islam

• The Quran rehearses the words of the almighty Allah which
  reasons against racial discrimination and puts an end to it in
  Islam.
• "O Mankind, we created you from a single pair of a male and a
  female, and made you in to tribes and nations so that you may
  know each other (not that you despise each other). Verily, the
  most honored of you in the sight of Allah is he who is most
  righteous of you." (Al-Quran, Chapter 49, Verse 13)
                                                   Conti……
Some quotations regarding anti
            racism
• According to Hadees:
"All men(includes women) are equal in Islam, the Arab
has no superiority
over the non-Arab, nor does the non-Arab have
superiority over the Arab,
save in the fear of God."
       (Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him).
Some quotations regarding
         anti-racism

• “I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls
  will be holding hands with little white boys and girls.”
  (Martin Luther King Jr., I Have A Dream)
Strategies to overcome racism

•   Role of educators
•   Cooperative learning groups
•   Eliminate biases
•   Behave more as decent human beings
•   Establish support for mental health
•   Change yourself before attempting others
•   Understand the depth of the problem
•   Determine short term and long term goals
•   Learn about your community
•   Speak up if you see racism in action
References

Allison, K.W., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2009). Aferican
       American psychology: from Africa to America.
       SAGE.

Bondio, A., Kaufman, S., & Reilly, K. (2003). Racism: a
      global reader. M.E. Sharpe. New York.

Corlett, A. J. (2003). Race, Racism, and Reparations.
       Cornell University Press. Wadswarth.

Halli, S. S., & Driedger, L. (2000). Race and racism:
       Canada’s challenge. McGill-Queens. New York.
Schultz, W. P., & Oskamp, S. (2005). Attitudes and Opinions.
      Routledge. Taylor & Francis group. Macgraw Hills. New
      York.

Senker, C. (2009). Taking Action against Racism. The Rosen
       Publishing group.

Wing, D., & Constantine, G. M. (2006). Addressing racism:
      facilitating cultural competence in mental health. John
      Wiley & sons. New York

Yang, Q. P. (2000). Ethnic studies: issues and approaches. Suny
      Press. John Wiley & sons. New York
Racism in peace

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Racism in peace

  • 1. Racism Presented to Ms. Shahnila Tariq Presented By Zunera Ahmed Roll No. 20 M.Sc. IV
  • 2. Racism Content of the presentation • Definition of racism • Examples of racism • Racism around the world • Difference between racism and prejudice • Type of Racism • Causes of racism • Effects of Racism in mental health • Anti-racism • Racism prohibition in Islam • Some quotations about anti-racism • Strategies to overcome racism
  • 3. Racism • The term racism is broader one than racial prejudice and it is generally used to include not only prejudice, but also hostility, discrimination, segregation, and other negative action expressed toward an ethnic group (Oskamp & Schultz, 2005).
  • 4. Definition of racism • Racism can be broadly defined as attitude, belief, behavior, or institutional arrangement that favors one racial group over another (Farely, 1995). Conti...
  • 5. • People who are racist and have power in society can act against a whole group. An example of this happened in South Africa until 1990. Up until then, a small number of white people ruled over black people. The government kept people of different races apart. White people were provided with much better homes, schools, and hospitals (Senker , 2009).
  • 8. Racism around the world • Racism exists in most societies. In the united States, for instance, there is racism among white people among white people against Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians (Senker, 2009). • In India, extreme right-wing Hindus believed Hindus are superior to Muslims (who make up about one-fifth of the population). They say that India should be for the Hindu and majority and are racist toward Muslims (senker, 2009).
  • 9. Racism and Prejudice Racism Prejudice • Some people are prejudiced • Some people make judgments against others who have a about people because of how they different skin color or are from a look or behave, without even different ethnic group or culture. getting to know them. This is They feel superior to them. This is called prejudice (Senker 2009). called racism (Senker, 2009). • For example, schoolchildren may • For instance, in a classroom look at another child in a wheel where most of the children are chair and think he is not very white, they might bully the few clever or good at his schoolwork black children. because he is disabled. However, he might be a mathematics genius: it just happens that he cannot walk well.
  • 10. Types of Racism • Individual racism • Institutional Racism It assumes the superiority Institutional racism is of one’s own racial group, revealed by policies and and rationalizes the practices within dominance and power organizations and generally whites over institutions that contribute African Americans. This to discrimination for a racism would be targeted at group of people. (Allison & an individual’s beliefs Belgrave, 2009) . (Allison & Belgrave, 2009).
  • 11. Types of Racism • Cultural racism Symbolic racism It is seen in the assumed a Symbolic racism is superiority of a language, reflected in beliefs among values, beliefs, worldviews, whites that racial and cultural artifacts discrimination is no longer dominants in a society. a problem in this society (Allison & Belgrave, and that African Americans 2009). have obtained success because they have not worked hard enough for it (Allison & Belgrave, 2009).
  • 12. Causes of racism • Socioeconomic status • Mentality of superiority • lack of diversity in the area • Unfamiliarity • Stereotypes • Selfishness • Environmental Factors • Ignorance and peer pressure • False perception • The desire to exploit other people
  • 13. Effects of racism in mental health • Racism leads to a decrease sense of self-esteem. Positive relationship between racism and psychological stress • Positive relationship between racism and self-esteem and life satisfaction. • Racism also related to trauma-related symptoms (Harrell & Hall, 2003), depression, (Comas-Diaz & Greenes, 1994: Stevenson et al; 1997) • It is also related to general psychological stress (Constantine & Wing, 2006).
  • 16. Racism in Islam Racism is never being liked in Islam. Understand that God Almighty created us in different colors, creeds, races, tribes and nations, not to despise one another, but understand our differences and love one another". Conti….
  • 17. Racism in Islam • The Quran rehearses the words of the almighty Allah which reasons against racial discrimination and puts an end to it in Islam. • "O Mankind, we created you from a single pair of a male and a female, and made you in to tribes and nations so that you may know each other (not that you despise each other). Verily, the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is he who is most righteous of you." (Al-Quran, Chapter 49, Verse 13) Conti……
  • 18. Some quotations regarding anti racism • According to Hadees: "All men(includes women) are equal in Islam, the Arab has no superiority over the non-Arab, nor does the non-Arab have superiority over the Arab, save in the fear of God." (Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him).
  • 19. Some quotations regarding anti-racism • “I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls.” (Martin Luther King Jr., I Have A Dream)
  • 20. Strategies to overcome racism • Role of educators • Cooperative learning groups • Eliminate biases • Behave more as decent human beings • Establish support for mental health • Change yourself before attempting others • Understand the depth of the problem • Determine short term and long term goals • Learn about your community • Speak up if you see racism in action
  • 21. References Allison, K.W., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2009). Aferican American psychology: from Africa to America. SAGE. Bondio, A., Kaufman, S., & Reilly, K. (2003). Racism: a global reader. M.E. Sharpe. New York. Corlett, A. J. (2003). Race, Racism, and Reparations. Cornell University Press. Wadswarth. Halli, S. S., & Driedger, L. (2000). Race and racism: Canada’s challenge. McGill-Queens. New York.
  • 22. Schultz, W. P., & Oskamp, S. (2005). Attitudes and Opinions. Routledge. Taylor & Francis group. Macgraw Hills. New York. Senker, C. (2009). Taking Action against Racism. The Rosen Publishing group. Wing, D., & Constantine, G. M. (2006). Addressing racism: facilitating cultural competence in mental health. John Wiley & sons. New York Yang, Q. P. (2000). Ethnic studies: issues and approaches. Suny Press. John Wiley & sons. New York