This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
2. INTRODUCTION
The unfair treatment of a
person based on his or her
gender especially against
women.
Discrimination on the
basis of sex especially the
oppression of women by
men.
It is a common problem in
India and its outcomes are
disastrous for country.
3. Cause Of The Gender Discrimination
Men dominating mentality
Various social and religious belief
Lack of strong protest by women
Family Rituals
Physical factor(Treating women as weaker gender)
Work place discrimination
4. Discrimination At Different Stages
ABORTION
India lost 8 million foetuses
due to abortion in past
decade.
20000 women die every year
due to abortion related
complications.
In Figures
1990
year
In figures 1980
No. Of
abortion
reported
388405
581215
2000
2010
725149
620472
5. Female infanticide
Per 1000 female live birth
61 female become the
victim of infant mortality.
India losses 3 million girls
in infanticide in one
decade.
Infant girls , who were 1
year and younger were 50%
more likely to die than
boys of same of age.
Dowry system is main
reason for female
infanticide and sex
selective abortion.
6. Discrimination in Education
Although at the primary and
secondary level of education
the enrolment of girl has
been improved but they are
still much behind as
compared to boys at higher
and competitive level.
Only 2392 girls out of 21110
qualifying candidates
qualified iit entrance exam.
As per 2009 out of 4572 IAS
officer all over India only 604
are women(13.72%).
Year
Literacy
Male
Female
2001
74.04 %
82.14 %
65.46 %
2011
65.38 %
75.85 %
54.16 %
7. Discrimination at Work
Female work participation
rate in India is only 25.7% as
compared to 51.0% of male.
Women comprise just 10% of
India’s parliament .
Out of 35 full cabinet rank
minister only 2 are women.
For same occupation and
level of qualification Indian
women earn an average of
64% of what their male
counterparts earn.
8. At the time of marriage(Dowry)
The dowry system is a
main reason for female
infanticide and sex
selective abortion. It is also
a main reason for decrease
in sex ratio in India.
Every year 2500 incidence
of bride burning takes
place in India.
Dowry kills a women every
hour in India.
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Dowry deaths
reported in India
8093
8172
8383
8391
8619
8233
9. Domestic Violence
A crime against a women is
committed in every 3 min.
A women is raped in every
29 minutes.
A dowry death occurs at
every 77 minutes.
One case of cruelty
committed by either
husband or relative of the
victim occurs at every 9
minutes.
10. Effects Of Gender Discrimination
“Every effect is itself a Cause”
Abortion
Female foeticides and infanticides
Decrease in sex ratio
Dowry
Domestic violence
Sexual violence and Rape
Economic inequality
Inequality and harassment at workplace, schools and in the
justice system etc.
11. Women Empowerment
Women empowerment refers to increase the
social, political & economic strength of the women in
different ways. e.g.
Having decision making power
of their own.
Political participation.
Awareness and exercise of their rights.
Self decision regarding education,
participation, mobility & economic
independency.
“ The government of India declared 2001 as the year of
women’s
empowerment(Swashakti).”
12. Educational Empowerment
Girl’s enrolment at the primary and secondary level has been
improved after independence.
Year
1950-51
2004-05
% enrolment
in primary
28.1
46.7
% enrolment
in secondary
61.1
44.4
Government has started some schemes to
foster the growth of female education.e.g.
Mahila Samakhya Programme
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme
National educational programme for girls at primary level
13. Socio-Economic Empowerment
There is a scheme known as
Indira Awas Yojna through
which govt. gives money to
women to make their home.
In many govt. give money to
girl at the time of their
marriage.
Govt. give loan to women to
start their own business at
very low interest.
In spite of all these schemes
the social & economic status
of women is not improved at
desired extent.
14. Political Empowerment
There is 33.5% reservation for
women in local government
bodies.
This law has placed a million of
women in elected positions to the
panchayat in the country.
Govt. also encouraging the
women to vote in the various
elections.
Indira Gandhi former Indian
prime minister is the world’s
largest serving women prime
minister.
In spite of all these steps taken by
govt. Still there are very few
women in national level politics.
15. Judicial Empowerment
Indian government has made
many laws and act to protect
women.
The payment of a dowry has
been prohibited under the
“1961 dowry prohibition act”
in Indian civil law.
Women are protected from
domestic violence under the
law “protection of women
from domestic violence act
2005”.
For protecting women from
sexual violence govt. Passed
“criminal law act 2013”.
16. Self Help Group Empowerment
Apart from government bodies many non governmental bodies are also
working for empowerment of women in various aspects. Some of these
areMahila Seva Samiti
Nari Seva Sangha
Women Coordinating Council
Satya Bharati
Shakti-Shalini
Nari Raksha Samiti
Maitri
Shakti-Vahini
Navjyoti
These bodies are working to help women for different problems and
also protest for women’s right.
17. My Own Ideas
In spite of all the government and self help group efforts still
there are many problems faced by women. So here are some of
my ideas for stopping gender discrimination and to empower
women:The very first thing to stop gender discrimination is equality.
If people will treat every girl same as boys there would be no
gender discrimination.
The main weapon which can be us used to stop gender
discrimination & empower women is EDUCATION.
We have many laws for protecting women from dowry
death, domestic violence and other problems but instead of all
these many cases has been reported every year. So govt. should
strictly implement these laws and make sure the safety of
women from all this cruel acts.
We should give a chance to women to take decisions at various
level e.g. At home, at work and in politics also.
18. People should take initiative by their own, till the people will not
take an initiative the efforts of govt. would not help much.
We can relate protecting women to religion as “kandyadan is
mahadan” so that people will take it seriously.
We should try to make women friendly environment at work and
also try to get more participation from them in work.
As It is estimated that growth in India would increase by 1.09% if
its female labor-participation rate were put on par with the US .
We have to change our men dominating mentality and should give
chances to women to get involved in various social and political
issues and also give their own view on that.
By this way we can stop gender discrimination and encourage
women to achieve equality in all aspects of their life.
19. People should take initiative by their own, till the people will not
take an initiative the efforts of govt. would not help much.
We can relate protecting women to religion as “kandyadan is
mahadan” so that people will take it seriously.
We should try to make women friendly environment at work and
also try to get more participation from them in work.
As It is estimated that growth in India would increase by 1.09% if
its female labor-participation rate were put on par with the US .
We have to change our men dominating mentality and should give
chances to women to get involved in various social and political
issues and also give their own view on that.
By this way we can stop gender discrimination and encourage
women to achieve equality in all aspects of their life.