34. C.Alexander, S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein,
A Pattern Language:Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, 1977
A Pattern Language in Architecture, since 70’s
http://stephania32.wordpress.com/
Christopher Alexander
“パターン・ランゲージ1.0”
35. 159. Light on Two Sides of
Every Room **
159. どの部屋も2面採光 **
選択の自由があれば、人はつねに2つの壁面から採
光のある部屋に引かれ、採光が1面だけの部屋は使
おうとせず、寄り付かないであろう。
したがって、
各部屋の少なくとも2面が屋外空間に接するように
配置し、さらに少なくとも2方向以上から自然光が
入るよう外壁に窓を設けること。
このパタンは、おそらく他のどのパタンよりも部屋
の正否を左右するであろう。室内の昼光配分と2壁
面の窓は、部屋づくりの基本である。・・・
When they have a choice, people will always
gravitate to those rooms which have light on
two sides, and leave the rooms which are lit
only from one side unused and empty.
This pattern, perhaps more than any other single
pattern, determines the success or failure of a
room. The arrangement of daylight in a room,
and the presence of windows on two sides, is
fundamental.
Therefore:
Locate each room so that it has outdoor space
outside it on at least two sides, and then place
windows in these outdoor walls so that natural
light falls into every room from more than one
direction.
36. 121. Path Shape * 121. 歩行路の形 *
街路は、今日見られるような単なる通過空間では
なく、人の留まれる場所にせねばならない。
何世紀ものあいだ、都市生活者にとって家のす
ぐ外で利用できる公共空間は街路であった。とこ
ろが現代都市の街路は、数々の狡猾な手段で、「留
まる」場所ではなく「通り過ぎる」場所にさせら
れている。これを助長したのは、ぶらぶら歩きを
犯罪と見なす規制、街路の外側に比べて街路自体
の魅力の欠如、自宅に閉じ込もらざるを得ないほ
どの街路の吸引力の不足などである。
Streets should be for staying in, and not just
for moving through, the way they are today.
For centuries, the street provided city dwellers
with usable public space right outside their
houses. Now, in a number of subtle ways, the
modern city has made streets which are for
“going through,” not for “staying in.” This is
reinforced by regulations which make it a crime
to loiter, by the greater attractions inside the side
itself, and by streets which are so unattractive to
stay in, that they almost force people into their
houses.
37. 121. Path Shape * 121. 歩行路の形 *
環境的な見地から見ると、問題の本質は、街路が
「遠心的」であって「求心的」でないということに
なる。つまり、人びとを引きつける代りに追い出し
てしまうのである。このような効果に対抗するには、
屋外の歩行世界を、移行の場所ではなく留まる場所
にせねばならない。要するに、単なる街路よりも包
囲感の大きいある種の公共戸外室のような空間にす
る必要がある。
これは、たとえば住宅地域の街路に、平面的に微
妙なふくらみをつけ、周囲に腰掛けや外廊を設け、
場合によっては梁や格子棚を上に渡せば、達成でき
る。
したがって、
公共歩行路の中間部にふくらみをつけ、端部はしぼ
ること。そうすれば、囲われた場所が形成され、人
がただ通り過ぎるだけでなく留まる場所になる。
From an environmental standpoint, the essence
of the problem is this: streets are “centrifugal”
not “centripetal”: they drive people out instead
of attracting them in. In order to combat this
effect, the pedestrian world outside houses must
be made into the kind of place where you stay,
rather the kind of place you move through. It
must, in short, be made like a kind of outside
public room, with a greater sense of enclosure
then a street.
This can be accomplished if we make
residential pedestrian streets subtly convex in
plan with seats and galleries around the edges,
and even sometimes roof the streets with beams
or trelliswork.
Therefore:
Make a bulge in the middle of public path,
and make the ends narrower, so that the
path forms an enclosure which is a place to
stay, not just a place to pass through.
38. Ward CunninghamKent Beck
Kent Beck & Ward Cunningham, “Using Pattern Languages for Object-
Oriented Program”, OOPSLA '87, 1987
Gang of Four
Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John M. Vlissides,
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software,
Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994
Software Patterns, since late 80’s
“パターン・ランゲージ2.0”
42. Pedagogical Patterns & Fearless Change Patterns
Joseph Bergin
Linda RisingMary Lynn Manns
Manns, M. L., and Rising, L., Fearless Change: Patterns
for Introducing New Ideas. Addison-Wesley, 2005
Pedagogical Patterns Editorial Board, Pedagogical
Patterns: Advice For Educators, Createspace., 2012
“パターン・ランゲージ3.0”
43. Takashi Iba with Iba Laboratory
Collaboration Patterns
A Pattern Language for Creative Collaboration
Learning
Patterns
Collaboration
Patterns
Presentation
Patterns
Survival
Language
Change Making
Patterns
Words for
a Journey
Pattern Illustrating
Patterns
旅のことば
プレゼンテーション
パターン
プロジェクト
デザイン・パターン
44. What
Why How
Who
When Where
何を
誰が
なぜ
どこでいつ
どのように
「つくる」ことの
本質的な一部
「つくる」ことの
背景にあたる部分
Who
When Where
誰が
どこでいつ
What
Why How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのように
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのよう
に
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのよう
に
What
Why
How
何を
なぜ
どのように
pattern
pattern
pattern
pattern
自分の実践につながりやすい
物事を見る「認識のメガネ」になる
新しいボキャブラリーとなり、コミュニケーションを促進する
パターン・ランゲージ
experience
as a whole
pattern
pattern pattern
pattern
Pattern Language
as Glasses of
Recognition
experience
as a whole
experience
as a whole
pattern pattern
pattern
pattern
Pattern Language
as Vocabulary for
Communication
pattern
53. パターン・ランゲージを用いた「対話ワークショップ」
experience
as a whole
experience
as a whole
pattern pattern
pattern
pattern
Pattern Language
as Vocabulary for
Communication
pattern
● パターンの内容そのものから学ぶだけでなく、パターンを介して他の人か
ら学ぶことができる。
● 自分にとって「当たり前」になっていることは、意識しにくい。パターン
に当てはめることで、自分がしていることの価値に気づくことができる。
パターン・ランゲージは対話のための語彙となる
83. [Learning Patterns]
Creative Learning
Opportunity for Learning
Learning by Creating
Open Learning
Jump In
Copycat Learner
Effective Asking
Output-Driven Learning
Daily Use of Foreign Language
Playful Learning
Tornado of Learning
Chain of Excitement
Quantity brings Quality
Skill Embodiment
Language Shower
Tangible Growth
Thinking in Action
Prototyping
Field Diving
A Bug’s-Eye & Bird’s-Eye View
Hidden Connections
Triangular Dig
Passion for Exploration
Brain Switch
Fruit Farming
Attractive Expressions
The First-Draft-Halfway-Point
Acceleration to the Next
Community of Learning
Serendipitous Encounters
Good Rivals
Talking Thinker
Leaning by Teaching
Firm Determinations
Questioning Mind
The Right Way
Brave Changes
Frontier Finder
Self-Producer
Be Extreme!
Main Message
Touching Gift
Image of Success
Storytelling
Exploration of Words
Visual Power
Dramatic Modulation
Unexpected Evolution
Doors of Mystery
Beautiful Clarity
Perfect Portion
Cherry on Top
Mind Bridge
Reality Sharing
Participation Driver
Quality in Details
Expression Coordinator
Discomfort Removing
Significant Void
Activation Switch
Take-Home Gift
Stage Building
Reminders of Success
Construction of Confidence
Presentership
Best Effort
Personally for You
Invitation to the World
Improvised Presentation
Reflecting Forwards
Unique Presenter
Aesthetics of Presenting
Be Authentic!
[Survival Language]
Survival Action Gift
Safe Sleep Zone
Storage Area
Door Space
Reverse L-Shape Lock
Biting Lock
Roots of TV
Extrastock
Daily Use of Reserves
Crowbar
Life over Furniture
Evacuation Before Fire-Fighting
Armadillo Pose
Cover and Lock
Kick Signal
Evacuation Initiator
Repetition of Better Decision
[Change Making Patterns]
Know Yourself
Yes, and
Energy Checkup
Microvision
Trust Your Instinc
Idol Imitation
Juice Work and Life
Frontiership
Detective Eyes
Market Research
3W1H
Leverage Point
Field Diving
Quick Actions
Training for Innovation
Sustainable System
Root Rediscovery
Roadmap to the North Star
Success Prototyping
Invite Aliens
Excitement Delivery
Trusteam
Stage Setting
Pile of Efforts
Obsession with Everything
Inspire Evangelists
Passion Teller
Outcome Measurer
Outcome Measurer
Medium Communication
Idea Catcher
Professionalism [Generative Beauty]
Make Magic!
Charming Point
Superstar
Starting Item
Finishing Touch
Harmony with the Season
Bite of Trend
[Pattern Illustrating Patterns]
Pattern Illustrating
Can-Do List
Daily Chore
Self-Reflecting Room
Favorite Place
Voice of Experience
Turning the Tide
Live in the Moment
Self-Intro Album
Own Way of Expressing
Gift of Words
Going Together
Team Leader
Family Expert
The Three Consultants
Disclosing Chat
Chance to Shine
Preparation for the Dream
Make it Funny
Usual Talk
The Seen World
Personal Time
Emotion Switch
Casual Counseling
Special Day
Generational Mix
The Amusement Committee
Hint of Feelings
Job-Specific Contributions
On-the-Spot Helper
Encouraging Supporter
Personal Connections
Mix-Up Event
Inventing Jobs
Delivering the Voice
Warm Design[Collaboration Patterns]
Creative Collaboration
Mission for the Future
Innovative Ways
Create a Legend
Growth Spiral
Sympathetic Union
Response Rally
Feeling of Togetherness
Part to Contribute
Vinyl Lavatory
Breaker Off
Contact by Any Means
[Presentation Patterns]
Creative Presentation
Return of Growth
Spontaneous Commitments
Loose Connections
Vulnerability Disclosure
Words of Thanks
Emergence Vigor
Loaf of Time
Collaborative Field
Activity Footprints
Chaotic Path to Breakthrough
Ideas Taking Shape
Inside Innovator
Roadmap to the Goal
Improvised Roles
Spadework for Creativity
Power to Change the World
Quality Line
Creative Clashes
Generative Destruction
Beyond Expectations
Project Followers
Strategic Developments
Context of the World
Endurance to Continue Creating
Polishing Senses
[Words For a Journey]
A New Journey
The First Step
Departure Announcement
Travel Plan
Fellow Travelers
Personal Attributes
Guaranteed Fashion
Hint Harvesting
Metamorphosis
Cinderella Makeover
Go Natural
Small Accomplishments
Treat Time
Positive Thinking
Courage to Leave
Compatibility Test
Smart Shopper
Good Care
Balanced Diet
Body Cycle
Tomorrow’s Body Shape
Fateful Encounters
Personal Wonderland
Concept of the Brand
The Secret Ingredient
Lavish Makeover
Dream Day
Growing with Love
Cheer-up Cookies
Spice it up!
Boot Button
Ignition Question
Feel the Soul
Various Sides
Space Out
Back to the Start
Power from the Past
Role Model
Be Passionate!
My Story
Live Thoroughly
Luminous Intellect
Deep Inner Calm
Candid Sentiments
Noticing Mind
Sunnyspot
Essential Message
Moving Characters
Symbolic Representation
Center Words Hunting
Overall Rough Sketch
Sketches of Details
Image of Motion
Word Association Game
Deciding the Amount
Layout of Space
Instinct Direction
Zooming Out
Lively Peak Capture
Acting Illustrator
Time Symbol
Mood Unity
Consistent Story
Composition Differentiation
Strangeness Busters
Simple Illustration
Illustration Fans
Intriguing Doodles
External Inspiration
Third Person View
Polishing Word Sense
Stock of Expressions
Improving by Drawing
[Holistic Pattern-Mining]
Holistic Pattern Mining
Element Mining
My Own Experience
Posting Notes
Describe it Thoroughly
Re-Mining
Visual Clustering
Deep Connections
Dyadic Comparison
Balance the Islands
Plain Labels
10 Years
30+ Pattern Languages
for Human Actions
1000+ Patterns