Sustainable marine and fisheries development policy frameworks: 1) implementing good ocean governance: integrated sea use management and ecosystem-based management, 2) developing blue economy zone: integrated land and ocean-based development such as ICZM, and 3) blue economy model investment.

1. BLUE
ECONOMY:
PROMOTING
SUSTAINABLE
MARINE
AND
FISHERIES
DEVELOPMENT
IN
INDONESIA
(A
policy
framework)
SUNOTO,
MES,
PHD
Ministry
of
Marine
Affairs
and
Fisheries
Republic
of
Indonesia
The
Third
APEC
Blue
Economy
Forum
Xiamen,
August
25th,
2014

2. CRITICAL
ISSUES
• Oceans
cover
more
than
70%
of
the
earth’s
surface
with
abundant
natural
resources
that
economically
provide
billion
of
people
with
food
and
livelihoods,
including
energy
and
services,
such
as
transportaSon
and
tourism.
• Oceans
consStute
99%
of
the
living
space
on
earth
and
about
97%
of
waters
on
earth
is
in
the
oceans.
• Ocean-­‐based
fisheries
produce
about
94.6
million
ton
in
2011
dominated
by
5
top
producers:
China,
Peru,
Indonesia,
USA,
and
India
(most
populated
countries).
• Approximately
85%
of
fish
stocks
are
fully
exploited
and
about
32%
of
the
stocks
are
esSmated
overexploited
and
depleted.
• Aquaculture
will
play
an
important
role
in
the
future
in
providing
sources
of
food
to
meet
demand
that
has
significantly
increased
in
the
past
few
decades
with
the
producSon
of
83.73
million
ton
(mariculture
and
fresh
water
aquaculture)
as
global
populaSon
will
increase
from
about
6.8
billion
people
to
9
billion
by
2050.
• Ecologically
oceans
play
an
important
role
in
producing
oxygen,
absorbing
CO2,
and
maintaining
marine
biological
diversity
and
ecosystem
producSvity.
• Unfortunately,
the
degradaSon
of
marine
resources
caused
by
irresponsible
land-­‐
based
and
ocean
economic
pracSces
have
been
worst
caused
by
global
warming
and
climate
change.
• Integrated
sea
use
management
is
needed
and
internaSonal
cooperaSon
is
required
to
promote
sustainable
ocean
management.

3. MARINE
AND
FISHERIES
POTENTIAL
1. Indonesia
is
an
archipelagic
country
with
abundance
of
marine
and
fishery
resources.
However,
the
contribuSon
of
marine
and
fisheries
sector
to
the
economy
is
relaSvely
sSll
small.
2. MARINE
RESOURCES:
• Number
of
Islands:
17,508
Islands
• Coastline:
104,000
km
• Marine
area:
5.8
million
km2
• Industry:
80%
of
industries
and
75%
of
major
ciSes
are
located
in
the
coastal
area
• Capture
fisheries:
the
6.5
million
tones
of
fish
per
year
• Mariculture
potenSal:
more
than
12
million
ha
• Oil
&
gas:
oil
&
gas
Indonesia
Basin
from
60
spots,
70%
are
in
the
ocean
• Petroleum
reserves
of
9.1
billion
barrels
at
sea
• Tourism:
most
of
the
tourist
acracSons
linked
to
the
sea
3. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS:
RISKS
– Environmental
DestrucKon
and
PolluKon
– Global
Warming
and
Climate
Change
3

4. POLITICAL
WILL
AND
COMMITTMENT
• For
Indonesia
ocean
is
very
important
economically
and
ecologically
since
the
fact
that
two
thirds
(2/3)
of
the
territory
is
ocean
with
17,508
islands
and
coastal
lines
of
104,000
km.
• The
fourth
most
populated
country
with
more
than
200
million
people:
mostly
live
in
the
coastal
area,
the
area
that
is
ecologically
vulnerable.
• Ocean-­‐based
economy
and
ocean-­‐related
acSviSes
have
been
growing
and
tend
to
conSnue
to
develop
in
the
incoming
decades.
• Understanding
the
importance
of
the
oceans
and
coasts,
Indonesia
has
been
commiced
to
improving
ocean
and
coastal
management
by
establishing
sustainable
marine
and
fisheries
development
policy
based
on
the
principles
of
Blue
Economy.

5. NEW
INITIATIVE
• In
order
to
achieve
sustainable
marine
and
fisheries
development,
Indonesia
has
iniSated
new
approaches
to
managing
the
ocean
and
coastal
through
promoSng
good
ocean
governance
and
blue
economy
models
investment.
• Good
ocean
governance
is
required
to
provide
appropriate
policy
frameworks
in
managing
ocean-­‐based
economy
and
ocean-­‐related
acSviSes
with
the
principles
of
sustainability,
accountability,
integraSon,
empowerment,
growth
with
equity,
and
jusSce.
• Whilst
Blue
Economy
Model
Investment
is
needed
to
promote
environmentally
friendly
investment
and
businesses,
supported
by
public
investment
on
infrastructure
and
appropriate
policies.

6. OBJECTIVES
1. Promote
Good
Ocean
Governance,
as
the
guiding
principle
of
policies
at
all
levels
of
authoriSes:
naSonal,
provincial,
and
district
governments
2. Develop
NaKonal
Ocean
Policy
Frameworks,
as
the
guidelines
of
policy
implementaSon
in
achieving
sustainable
marine
and
fisheries
development
3. Promote
Blue
Economy
Model
Investment
and
Businesses,
as
a
means
of
achieving
environmentally
friendly
investment
and
business
pracSces.

7. GOOD
OCEAN
GOVERNANCE:
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
• Principles:
sustainability,
consistency,
integraSon,
law
enforcement,
partnership,
equity,
public
parScipaSon,
transparency,
decentralizaSon,
accountability,
and
jusSce
.
• Approaches:
integrated
sea
use
management
and
ecosystem-­‐based
management
for
healthy
and
producSve
ocean
• Legal
aspects:
1)
Coastal
and
Small
Island
Management
Act
27
of
2007
that
was
recently
amended
as
Act
1
of
2014,
and
2)
Ocean
Act
that
has
been
ready
for
approval
by
the
Parliament
and
expected
to
be
effecSve
by
this
year.

8. OCEAN
POLICY
FRAMEWORK
1. IMPLEMENTING
INTEGRATED
SEA
USE
MANAGEMENT:
spaSal
marine
planning,
managing
ocean
space,
natural
resources
and
ocean-­‐related
acSviSes
and
services
that
include
fisheries,
sea
transportaSon,
mineral
and
energy,
marine-­‐based
industry,
and
tourism
2. DEVELOPING
BLUE
ECONOMY
ZONE:
integrated
land-­‐based
and
ocean-­‐
based
development
through
applying
ecosystem-­‐based
management,
such
as
integrated
coastal
zone
management
—pilot
projects:
Lombok
Island
(in
collaboraSon
with
FAO)
and
Nusa
Penida,
Bali
3. PROMOTING
BLUE
ECONOMY
MODELS
INVESTMENT
AND
BUSINESSES:
environmentally
friendly
investment
based
on
the
principles
of
nature’s
efficient,
leave
nothing
to
waste,
and
social
inclusiveness

9. INTEGRATED
SEA
USE
MANAGEMENT
ACT
27/2007
jo
ACT
1/2014
and
OCEAN
ACT
• SEAS
EA
USE
MANAGEMENT
SEA
USE
PLANNING
MARINE
SPATIAL
PLANNING
ICZM
OCEAN
ZONING
MAPS
AND
REGULATIONS
SOURCE:
DOUVERE
AND
EHLER
(2008)
MODIFIED
SEA
USE
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE
MARINE
SPATIAL
PLAN
OTHER
MANAGEMENT
MEASURES
PERMITS
AND
OTHER
MANAGEMENT
MEASURES

10. MACRO-­‐POLICY
PRINCIPLES
1. BALANCING
ECONONOMIC
GROWTH
AND
EQUITY
2. NATURE’S
EFFICIENCY
3. LEAVE
NOTHING
TO
WASTE:
ZERO
WASTE
4. SOCIAL
CAPITAL
AND
SOCIAL
INCLUSIVENESS
5. GENERATING
MULTIPLE
REVENUE/INCOME
6. CREATING
JOB
OPPORTUNITY
7. DEVELOPING
INNOVATIVE
AND
CREATIVE
BUSINESSES
AND
INVESTMENT
8. IMPROVING
BUSINESS
CONNECTIVITY

11. STRATEGY
1:
DEVELOPING
INTEGRATED
NATIONAL
POLICY
(MACRO
POLICY)
• IntegraKng
NaKonal
Oc
ean
Policy
(OCEAN
ACT):
marine
transportaSon,
mariSme
industry,
energy
and
minerals,
marine
construcSon,
marine
services,
tourism,
coastal
and
small
islands
management,
and
fisheries,
• Developing
a
Policy
Framework
based
on
Blue
Economy
Principles:
especially
coastal
and
small
islands
management,
fisheries,
and
other
related
sectors
• Establishing
a
NaKonal
Master
Plan
on
Sustainable
Marine
and
Fisheries
Development.

12. STRATEGY
2:
DEVELOPING
BLUE
ECONOMY
ZONES
AND
INTEGRATED
COASTAL
MANAGEMENT
(ICM)
Principles:
Integra0ng
Environment,
Economy,
Social,
Culture,
and
Recrea0onal
Ac0vi0es
• Developing
integrated
e
conomic
zones
based
on
the
principles
of
sustainability,
nature’s
efficiency,
zero
waste,
and
social
inclusiveness,
• Developing
integrated
management
of
small
islands,
coastal,
and
conservaSon
areas
as
a
model
of
archipelagic
state
economic
development,
• Applying
integrated
spaSal
planning
to
promote
sustainable
development
• Social
and
cultural
capacity
building

13. STRATEGY
3:
PROMOTING
BLUE
ECONOMY
MODELS
INVESTMENT
AND
BUSINESSES
• Exploring
innovaSve
and
creaSve
business
and
investment
opportuniSes,
• Establishing
strategic
policies
to
promote
blue
economy
models
of
businesses
and
investment,
• PromoSng
integrated
mulSple
businesses
with
mulSple
products,
services,
revenues,
and
job
opportuniSes,
• Strengthening
public-­‐private
partnership.

14. STRATEGY
4:
DEVELOPING
BUSINESS
CONNECTIVITY
AND
INTEGRATED
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Strengthening
naSonal
and
internaSonal
business
networks
and
empowering
community-­‐based
businesses,
• Government,
businesses,
and
community
partnership
(public-­‐private
partnership),
• Developing
infrastructure:
transportaSon,
energy,
water
supply,
irrigaSon
and
telecommunicaSons.

15. STRATEGY
5:
DEVELOPING
SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY,
AND
HUMAN
RESOURCES
SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
• Developing
science
and
technology
to
promote
innovaSve
and
creaSve
economic
acSviSes
• Developing
partnerships:
research
insStuSons,
universiSes,
and
industries
HUMAN
RESOURCES
:
• Developing
educaSon
and
training
to
improve
human
resources
capacity
• Developing
extension
systems
to
promote
innovaSve
and
creaSve
busines
development
for
local
communiSes.

16. STRATEGY
6:
STRENGTHENING
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION
• NaSonal
and
regional
efforts
that
contribute
to
meeSng
global
goals
and
targets
in
achieving
sustainable
ocean
management,
• Ocean-­‐based
economic
development,
food
security,
and
trade,
• Environmental
ProtecSon:
marine
conservaSon
(marine
biodiversity
conservaSon-­‐marine
protected
areas
and
endangered
species),
• InformaSon
sharing,
science,
research,
technology,
and
human
resources,
• MiSgaSon
and
adaptaSon
of
climate
change
• IUU
Fishing

17. BLUE ECONOMY ZONE
NUSA PENIDA ISLAND, BALI
Luas Masing-masing Zona
1. Perairan
Zona Inti : 120,29 Ha
Zona Wisata Bahari Khusus : 905.24 Ha
Zona Wisata Bahari : 1.221,28 Ha
Zona Budidaya Rumput Laut : 464,25 Ha
Zona Suci : 46,71 Ha
Zona Pelabuhan : 35,15 Ha
2. Darat
Zona BIo Gas : 19,63 Ha
Zona Vaname Pond : 102,69 Ha
Zona Farming : 618,72Ha
Zona Marine Industri : 40,23 Ha
Zona Desalinasi : 51,05 Ha
Zona Home Industry : 102,09 Ha
Zona Hutan Lindung : 2655,70 Ha
Zona Wisata :
* Hotel And Tourism : 2.759,45 Ha
* Wisata Kuliner : 2,46 Ha
MMAF

18. NUSA PENIDA : INTEGRATED REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Mangrove, animal feed and textile
production
Mangrove Forest area of 230, 07 Ha
There are 13 species of Mangrove and
7 types of plant associations
5 species of water birds and 25 species of
land birds
Sea weed
Potency 464,46 Ha
Utilized 308 Ha
Production 103.204 Ton
Shrimp (Vanname),
Chitin and Chitosan
production
(Total area of 102 Ha)
Ocean energy
Toyapakeh Strait
1. speed 0,5 – 3,2 m/s
2. 1 turbine 40 m2 = 400 kw
3. energy 100 turbinee = 40 Mw
Beaches and TOURISM (Diving)
1. Tanjung Sanghyang
2. Jungut Batu
3. Ceningan
4. Batununggul
5. Toyopakeh
6. Teluk Penida
7. Pasir Hug
8. Atuh
9. Suana
Slaughterhouse, Maggot,
Animal Feed, and and Biogas:
Cow, Goat, and Pig
BASED ON BLUE ECONOMY BUSSINESS MODEL
Farms and meat production
1. Cows : 23.946/year
2. Goats :143/year
3. Pigs: 13.786/year
4. Total: 37.875/year
Wind energy at Mundi Hills:
1. speed 3 – 12 m/s
2. capacity 9 unit.
3. Power 740 kw equal with
225.000 liter gasoline
=225.000xRp4.500 = Rp
1.012.500.000,00
MMAF

19. BLUE
ECONOMY
ZONE:
EAST
LOMBOK
PEARL
Potency:
3.433,65Ha
ExisKng
area
:
1.628,15
Ha
Total
Product
:
0,20
tons
(2009)
SEAWEED
Potency:
2000
Ha
ExisKng
area:
526,18
Ha
Total
Product:
118,975
tons
(2009)
GROUPER
Potency:
509,40
Ha
ExisKng
area
:
9
Ha
Total
Product
:
12,60
tons
(2009)
LOBSTER
Potency:
525,68
Ha
ExisKng
area
:
28,55
Ha
Total
of
Product
:
146
tons
(2009)
SALT
Potency:
2.183,13
Ha
ExisKng
area:
205
Ha
Total
Product:
9.106,38
tons
(2012)
TOURISM
Potency:
Coral
reef,
pink
sand
ExisKng
area
:
1
hour
from
Lombok
internaKonal
airport
ProducSve
salt
pond
:
205
Ha
PotenSal
salt
pond
:
2.183,13
Ha
Forest
Area
MMAF
DIREKTORAT
TATA
RUANG
LAUT
PESISIR
DAN
PULAU-­‐PULAU
KECIL

20. INTEGRATED
BLUE
ECONOMY
ZONE:
LEGEND
:
Plan
of
Main
Road
Planning
area
boundary
Farming
Zone
Forest
area,
Central
park
Techno
Park
Industry
&
Energy
Marine
Industry
Housing
Salt
EvaporaKon
Pond
Tourism,
Culinary
Lobster
Grouper
Seaweed
Grouper,
Lobster,
Pampus
Argentus
Ecotourism
Pearl
Loligo
spp
EAST
LOMBOK
MMAF

21. M
Nursery
Ground
Shrimp
Nature
Shrimp
Mangrove
Leafs
Animal:
Goats
Waste
FerKlizer
Policulture:
Milk
Fish
and
sea
weed
Fresh
Fish
Silvofishery
Policulture
of
Shrimp
&Sea
weed
Shrimp
Fresh
Shrimp
Integrated
Fish
and
Rice
Field
Fish
Rice
High
Quality
rice
Waste
Animal
Feed
Sea
weed
Dried
Sea
weed
Foods,
Pharmacy,
texKle,
and
others
Animal
Feed
Restaurants
and
consummers
Waste
INTERGRATED
AQUACULTURE
(BLUE
ECONOMY
MODEL
INVESTMENT)
Eco
Tourism
Duck
farming
MMAF

22. MARINE
RESOURCES
FRESH
FISH
BM
=
5%
Kapasitas
8.028.800
ton
SEA
WEED
BM
=
5%
Gracilaria
sp
Gelidium
sp
Prod:
28.500T
Eucheuma
sp
Prod:
10.500T
Eucheuma
cof
Prod:
93.500T
Sargasum
sp
Turbinaria
sp
Fish
Meat
Lever
Fins
Head
Silase
Skin
Bone
Canned
Fish*
BM
=
10%
Kap:
415.000T
Frozen
Fish
BM
=
15%
Kap:
1.541.729T
Fish
mill
BM
=
5%
Kap:
176.245T
Fish
Oil
BM
=
5%
Kap:
Food
Fish
Mill
BM
=
0%
Kap:
176.245T
Animal
Feed
Material
for
Acessories
GelaKn
Art
Kitchen
Oil
Pharmacy
Animal
Feed
Acessories
Pharmacy
Emulsifier
ArKficial
Teeth
Shampoo
Soap
Pharmacy
Animal
Feed
Drilling
material
Paint
TexKle
Paper
Ceramic
Soh
Drink
Ice
Cream
Cocolate
milk
Bread
Jam
Photography
Paper
Pharmacy
CosmeKc
Water
treatment
AddiKve
material
for
high
grade
woods
JELLY
BM
=
5%
Kap:
23.127T
Karaginan
BM
=
5%
Kap:
8.400T
Alginat
BM
=
5%
FRESH
SHRIMP
BM
=
5%
Kap:+/-­‐4700.000T
CANNED
SHRIMP
BM
=
5%
Kap:
415.000T
FROZEN
SHRIMP
BM
=
5%
Kap:
1.587.981T
SHRIMP
SNACK
BM
=
5%
SHRIMP
MEAT
BM
=
5%
WASTE
Pharmacy
Grade
Industrial
Grade
Food
Grade
ChiKn
Chitosan
INTEGRATED
FISHERIES
INDUSTRIES
MMAF

23. Agriculture
(FerKlizer,
fungisida,
bakterisida,
nematocides)
ChiKn
Medical
Grade
(oinment,
pharmacy,
and
surgery
materials)
Chitosan
Industrial
Grade
(Water
purificaKon,
paper,
material
for
metal
deionIzaKon)
Food
Grade
(PreservaKve
material,
fat
blocker,
taste
addiKve,
anK
collesterol)
WASTE
AND
HIGH
VALUED
PRODUCTS
OF
SHRIMP
AND
CRUSTASEA
SKIN
OF
SHRIMP
AND
CRUSTASEA
MMAF

24. WASTE
HEAD
EYE
Omega
3
BONE
FerSlizer
GelaSn
Food,
cosmeSc
and
Pharmacy
Colagen
CosmeSc
and
Pharmacy
MEAT
Fish
mill
Fish
Jelly
Products
Oil
Fish
Oil
MEAT
MEAT
Fish
Jelly
Product
Fish
mill
OIL
Oil
SKIN
Colagen
CosmeSc
and
Pharmacy
GelaSn
Food,
cosmeSc
and
Pharmacy
BONE
FISH
MILL
FISH
MILL
Colagen
Pharmacy
GelaSn
CosmeSc
and
Pharmacy
Gill
Fish
mill
FerSlizer
WASTE
Fish
Protein
Concentrat
e
TUNA
FOOD
SECURITY
JOBS
MULTIPLE
REVENUE
MAIN
PRODUCTS:
FRESH,
FILETTE,
AND
CANNED
FISH
MMAF

25. INTEGRATED
SALT-­‐BASED
PRODUCTS
-­‐B
SALT
FOR
INDUSTRIES
PURIFICATION
INDUSTRY
SALT
FOR
CONSUMPTION
Food
Industry
Catering/Resto/
Hotel
Hausehold
Salt
Cleaning
Business
High
Quality
Salt
ProducSon
Q1
Q2
Q3
Soda
Industry
Chlore
Alcali
Industry
Pharmacy
BITTERN
IMPORTED
SEA
WATER
Standard
Standard
Standard
Salt for with
Consumption Yodium
Import 1.400.000 – 1.800.000 Ton/Year
=
IMPORTED
Imported 200.000 – 500.000 Ton/year
Employment
MMAF
Revenue

26. SALT,
WASTE
AND
HIGH-­‐VALUED
PRODUCTS
BITTERN
BROMINE
INDUSTRY
MAGNESIUM
INDUSTRY
OXIDE/HIDROXIDE
POTASSIUM
CHLORIDE
INDUSTRY
Bromine
(Br2)
Magnesium
Potassium
Cloride
• Desinfectant
• Halogen
material
• AddiSve
material
for
oil
drilling
• Drug
• Photography
• InsecSside
• SubsStute
material
of
Freon
• Refractor
• Magnesium
Metal
• Drug/Pharmacy
• FerSlizer
• AddiSve
material
of
texSle
• FerSlizer
• NO
WASTE
Tenaga
kerja
MMAF
Uang

27. THANK
YOU