Anatomy of the female reproductive system

ANATOMY OF
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Thursday, April 5, 2018 Dr. Soad Abd El salam Ramdan1

‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرمحن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
َ‫ل‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫س‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫آ‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ّ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬
ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ك‬ّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫آ‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬ّ‫َل‬‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬
‫العظيم‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫صدق‬
‫سورة‬‫البقرة‬‫أية‬32

3
• Chairman of obstetrics &woman health
nursing department
• Pre. Vice dean for students &Educational
Affair
Faculty of nursing
Benha UniversityThursday, April 5, 2018 Dr. Soad Abd El salam Ramdan

Learning Objectives
 Identify the female external
reproductive organs
 Identify the female internal
reproductive organs

Mons
pubis Lapia
majora
Lapia
minora
Vestibule
External
genitalia
(Vulva)
Clitoris

Mons Pubis
- Fatty pad over symphysis pubis covered with hair after
puberty .
- The female pubic hair is horizontal straight in its upper
border
- The male pubic hair is triangular in its upper border
Function : (coital buffer)

Labia Majora & Minora
 The labia Majora are two rounded,
folds of tissue that extended from the
mons pubis to the perineum.
 It is protect the labia minora, urinary
meatus and vaginal introitus.

Labia Minora
 It is located between the labia majora,
are narrow.
 The lateral and anterior aspects are
usually pigmented.
 The inner surfaces are similar to
vaginal mucosa, pink and moist.
 Their rich vascularity.Thursday, April 5, 2018 Dr. Soad Abd El salam Ramdan10

Clitoris.
 Homologous to penis in male.
 Erectile organ.
 It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive
to temperature, touch, and
pressure sensation

Vestibule.
 Is oval-shaped area formed
between the labia minora, clitoris,
and fourchette.
 Vestibule contains the external
urethral meatus, vaginal introitus,
and Bartholins glands.

Perineum
 Is the most posterior part of the
external female reproductive organs.
 It extends from fourchette anteriorly
to the anus posteriorly.
 Is composed of fibrous and muscular
tissues that support pelvic structures.

Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian
tubes
Ovaries
Internal
Female
Structures

Fallopian tubes
 The two tubes extended from the
cornu of the uterus to the ovary.
 It runs in the upper free border of
the broad ligament.
 Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
 Its divided into 4 parts.

1. Interstitial part
Which runs into uterine cavity,
passes through the myometrium
between the fundus and body of
the uterus. About 1-2cm in
length.

2. Isthmus
Which is the narrow part of
the tube adjacent to the
uterus.
Straight about 2 – 3 cm in
length.

3. Ampulla
Which is the wider part about
5 cm in length.
Fertilization occurs in the
ampulla.

4. Infundibulum
Funnel-shaped,fingeredend2cm composed
of a number of fimbria. The longest of
which attached to the ovary and called
ovarian fimbria. The fimbria guides the
ovum to the interior of the tube.

Functions Fallopian tubes:
 ovum pickup, ovum transport,
sperm transport.
 Final maturation of gamete post
ovulate oocyte maturation, sperm
capacitation.

 Fluid environment for early
embryonic development.
 Transport of fertilized and
unfertilized ovum to the uterus.

Ovaries
 Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
 Ovary is located on each side of the
uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes

Function of the ovary
Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
Production of ova

Uterus
 The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped
muscular organ.
 The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5
X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60
gm.

 Its normal position is anteverted
(rotated forward) and slightly
antiflexed (flexed forward)
 The uterus divided into three
parts

1. Body of the uterus
 The upper part is the corpus, or body
of the uterus
 The fundus is the part above the area
where the fallopian tubes enter the
uterus.
 Length about 5 cm.

2. Isthmus
 A narrower transition zone.
 Is between the corpus of the uterus
and cervix.
 During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower
uterine segment.

3. Cervix
 The lower most position of the
uterus “neck”.
 The length of the cervix is about
2.5 t0 3 cm.

 Os is the opening in the cervix that
runs between the uterus and vagina.
 The upper part of the cervix is marked
by internal os and the lower cervix is
marked by the external os.

Layers of the uterus
 Perimetrium.
 Myometrium.
 Endometrium.

1. Perimetrium
Is the outer peritoneal layer
that covers most of the uterus.

2. Myometrium
 Is the middle layer of thick
muscle.
 Most of the muscle fibers are
concentrated in the upper uterus,
and their number diminishes
progressively toward the cervix.

The myometrium
contains three types of
smooth muscle fiber

Longitudinal fibers (outer layer)
Which are found mostly in the
fundus and are designed to
expel the fetus efficiently
toward the pelvic outlet during
birth.

Middle layer :-
These fiber contract after
birth to compress the blood
vessels that pass between
them to limit blood loss.

Inner layer :-
Circular fibers prevent reflux of
menstrual blood and tissue into the
fallopian tubes.

3. Endometrium
 Is the inner layer of the uterus.
 It is responsive to the cyclic
variations of estrogen and
progesterone during the female
reproductive cycle every month.

 The two or three layers of the
endometrium are:
*Compact layer
*The basal layer
*The functional or Sponge layer this
layer is shed during each menstrual period
and after child birth in the lochia

The Function of the uterus
 Menstruation ----the uterus
sloughs off the endometrium.
 Pregnancy ---the uterus support
fetus and allows the fetus to grow.

 Labor and birth---the uterine
muscles contract and the cervix
dilates during labor to expel the
fetus

Vagina
 It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube
and membranous tissue about 8 to
10 cm long.
 Lying between the bladder
anteriorly and the rectum
posteriorly.

The reaction of the vagina
is acidic, the pH is 4.5 that
protects the vagina against
infection.

Functions of the vagina
 To allow discharge of the
menstrual flow.
 As the female organs of coitus.
 To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.

Anatomy of the female reproductive system

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