This document discusses designing a solar-powered cryptocurrency mining system using single board computers. It details the materials used, including a solar panel, power bank, USB cables and a single board computer. It then explains how to assemble the system and the steps to install an operating system and mining software. Test results show the system could generate a small daily profit from mining when using solar power to offset electricity costs. However, the profits are currently very small. The conclusion discusses making the system more profitable by finding better coins to mine or using different renewable energy sources. The overall goal is to promote renewable energy mining and educate the public about cryptocurrency.

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ICAST 2019
Recruiting Future Backup
Cryptocurrency Miners with Solar
Power Bank on Single Board
Computers
Fajar Purnama, Irwansyah,
Muhammad Bagus Andra, Tsuyoshi
Usagawa
1
Human Interface Cyber Communication Laboratory,
Kumamoto University

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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
3 Financial and Technical Aspect
4 Conclusion and Future Work

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Introduction
Introduction

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Introduction
Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency

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Introduction
What Common People Know
John McAfee Crazy Price prediction:
People are attracted to get rich quick scheme,
including me initially.

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Introduction
What Common People Don’t Know
Account in institutions: not your power, can be frozen anytime.
Bitcoin, gold, cash: your power, your money, difficult to confiscate.
Attractive features: borderless, decentralized, private, uncensored.

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Introduction
What Common People Don’t Know
Account in institutions: not your power, can be frozen anytime.
Bitcoin, gold, cash: your power, your money, difficult to confiscate.
Attractive features: borderless, decentralized, private, uncensored.

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Introduction
Traditional Monetary System is Dangerous during Crisis
Hyper inflation in Venezuela, it’s difficult to withdraw even $1.
How about Zimbabwe, Argentina, Lebanon, etc, and your country?

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Introduction
Hard Asset and Cryptocurrency are Harder to Confiscate

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Introduction
What makes bitcoin strong and secure?
Proof of Work / Mining
Confirming transactions.
Maintain ledgers /
blockchain.
Issuing new coins.
How to attack bitcoin:
Outperform the workers.
Current network hash rate is
85 Million TH/s.
You need 129 billion i7
computers.
Workers = Miners because they are rewarded with bitcoin.

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Introduction
Unfortunately, bitcoin mining today:
Very centralized: to destroy bitcoin, target these mining farms.
Very competitive: larger processing power larger portion of
mining reward that discourage small miners.

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Introduction
Problem with Mining: Electricity and Other Expenses
Larger processing power, larger electricity cost, lower profit for
small miners.
Unprofitable example mining Litecoin on Single Board Computer.
Device Daily Income
Asus Tinker Board CPU $ -0.015322158
Asus Tinker Board GPU $ -0.018370232
Application Specific Integrated Circuit USB $ -0.02596304

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Introduction
As a cryptocurrency supporter
Objective
Encourage more miners.
Educate ordinary people to
mine.
Encourage the use of green
energy for mining.
Reason
The more the honest miner the more secure the network.
The more decentralized the miner the stronger the network.

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Do you need specialized hardware to mine?

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Ready softwares are available online.
Webchain Miner Application on Smartphone:
Do you prefer to gamble? Average finding a bitcoin block on CPU
is 70 years, but who knows you maybe lucky!

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Codes are open source.
Bitcoin source code on Github:
Advance education
module can be:
Write or optimize
miner code.
Create application
on existing
blockchains.
Write or optimize
blockchain.

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Our Innovation
Materials, Assembly, and
Mining Steps

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Solar Panel Power Bank Powered Single Board Computer

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Materials
Materials Specification Price
Solar Panel 20W, 5V, 2A, 56cmˆ2 ∼$15
Power Bank 5V, 2A, 20000 mAh ∼$20
Two Type C USB Cable ∼$10
Internet Connection ∼1mBps, 3GB/month ∼$8.95
USB Computer Devices Asus Tinker Board (ATB) ∼$50
ASIC USB (additional) Futurebit Moonlander 2 ∼$60
Total: ∼$163.95
Note: Watt (W), Volt (V), Ampere (A), centimeter (cm),
miliampere hour (mAh), megabyte per second (mBps), gigabyte
(GB), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), universal serial
bus (USB).

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Materials, Assembly, and Mining Steps
Steps
1 Setup the hardware as image on previous 2
slides.
2 Install the operating system.
3 Installing the miner and its dependencies.
4 Choose a coin to mine.
5 Joining a pool or setup solo mining.
6 Creating a cryptocurrency wallet.
7 Begin mining and measurement.

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Financial and Technical Aspect
Financial and Technical Aspect
Will this work?

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Financial and Technical Aspect
Simplicity:
Item quantity: 4 + additional 1, all
available online $100 - $170.
Item Size: portable and does not exceed a
single working table area.
Hardware Operation: plug-in and
plug-out.
Software Operation: requires literacy but
anyone can study.

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Financial and Technical Aspect
Measurement Result
Solar Power Generated Daily
Average Input Daily Sunlight Electricity Daily
3.825 watt (W) 12 hour (h) 45.9 watt hour (Wh)
Asus Tinker Board (ATB) average resource consumption
Device CPU RAM Data Rate Power
ATB CPU 100% 205 MB 0.626 kBps 3.55 W
ATB GPU 25% 800 MB 0.53 kBps 4.29 W
ASIC USB 2% 200 MB 1.064 kBps 8.21 W

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Financial and Technical Aspect
Financial Report
Financial Statement
Variable Category Value
Mining Income:
ATB CPU
Income
LTC 10-12 x 17 /s
ATB GPU LTC 10-11 x 2 / s
ASIC USB LTC 10-9 x 12 / s
Electricity
Cost
$ 0.18 / kwh
Internet $ 8.95 / month (3 GB)
Profitability with free Internet
Device
Daily Profit
Paid Electricity
Daily Mining
Time Solar
Daily Profit With
Solar Powerbank
ATB CPU $ -0.015322158 12 h 56 m $ 0.000007456
ATB GPU $ -0.018370232 10 h 42 m $ 0.000072479
ASIC USB $ -0.02596304 5 h 35 m $ 0.002218685

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Financial and Technical Aspect
Variables that Affects Income
Variable Value
ATBCPU Hashrate 2.06 kH/s
ATBGPU Hashrate 24.2 kH/s
ASIC USB 3.3 MH/s
Network Hashrate 450 TH/s
Block Difficulty 15,608,688
Block Reward LTC 25
Coin Price $ 94.22 / LTC

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Conclusion and Future Work
Conclusion and Future Work

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Conclusion and Future Work
Conclusion and Future Work
Financially
Does not work! Currently takes 500 days to earn $1.
Technically
Affordable module suited for education, hobby, and evangelist.
Promotes green energy mining.
Future Work
Find more profitable coins.
Explore other renewable energies.
Include investment strategies / finding undervalued coins.
Include business strategies / expanding the mining farm.

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Conclusion and Future Work
Thank You

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Conclusion and Future Work
Crytocurrency Transaction

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Conclusion and Future Work
This Work Targets on The Education Sector
Objective:
Promote the use of renewable energies such as hydro, solar,
and wind.
Educate about mining financially and technically.
Create an affordable and simple renewable energy mining
module for general public and schools.
Open possibility for free energy cost mining.
Benefit:
Introduces cryptocurrency to the common people.
More honest miners secures the network.
Further innovation is these technologies.