Black Death Essay. The Black Death - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com

Black Death Essay
Crafting an essay on the topic of the Black Death presents a unique set of challenges. First and
foremost, delving into the historical aspects of this devastating pandemic requires a
comprehensive understanding of the events, causes, and consequences surrounding it. This
means delving into medieval history, studying the socio-economic conditions of the time, and
exploring the profound impact the Black Death had on societies.
Moreover, researching primary and secondary sources is crucial to present a well-rounded
perspective. Analyzing historical accounts, medical documents, and scholarly interpretations
becomes essential to construct a nuanced narrative. The challenge lies in sifting through vast
amounts of information, distinguishing reliable sources from speculative ones, and synthesizing
a coherent and accurate portrayal of the Black Death.
Additionally, addressing the human aspect of the tragedy necessitates a sensitive approach.
Discussing the widespread death, societal upheavals, and the psychological toll on individuals
and communities requires empathy and a keen awareness of the human experience during this
dark period.
Organizing the essay poses another difficulty, as it demands a clear structure to seamlessly guide
readers through the historical context, causes, impact, and aftermath. Balancing the weight of
information while maintaining a compelling narrative is a delicate task.
Furthermore, avoiding oversimplification and generalization is crucial. The Black Death had
varying effects across different regions and social classes, and acknowledging this diversity is
imperative for a comprehensive analysis.
In conclusion, writing an essay on the Black Death involves navigating through complex
historical, social, and human dimensions. It requires meticulous research, a discerning eye for
sources, and a skillful presentation to capture the gravity of this pivotal moment in history.
If you find yourself struggling with such tasks, remember that assistance is available. Services
like HelpWriting.net provide support for academic writing needs, offering custom essays and
more to help you navigate the challenges of complex topics.
Black Death Essay Black Death Essay

Globalization The Super Story By Thomas Friedman
Analysis
We are said to be living in a world with a transparent and yet to develop war. But
how can anyone really see it and understand it if no one is aware of how tragic
events happen, who and how many people, countries and nations are behind it and
how it all connects to technology. At least, that is what Thomas L. Freidman writes
about in his article Globalization: The Super Story . Friedman s article was a very
interesting read, especially since it touches upon some pretty dense and forgotten
subjects, such as global politics, technology and history. When I read the title of this
article I expected Friedman to discuss about global markets and the interaction of
nations yet I was amazed when he expanded on the supermarkets and how
globalization... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The definition is excellent in describing the system that is present today. Friedman
pointed out that markets around the globe become intertwined into one web of
connectivity, where one company in North America can easily interact and do
business with an individual in Asia, and create profits. However, the inter
connectivity I believe in has more to it. Going beyond what Friedman stated, I
argue that the globalization of world markets not only helps the existing large
financial centers of the world, but also smaller, and often times, newer markets.
While I do not agree with the outsourcing of jobs, the factories moved to lower
wage countries is a benefit to people working, and living there. It offers
employment, and a life to the workers that they would have never had if the
factories were never sent there. It helps the poorer nations in developing an
economy, and become part of the global market. Friedman said that Supermarkets
can destroy nations (473), but its power could also aid the poorer nations to grow
and even maybe, join the global

Carter Human Nature
Prakash Chokhani
Jeremy Brown
EAC150SNN
January 3, 2018
Humans position in Carter s version of the natural world
The nature is described as the place where the landscapes, the humans and the
creature exist in common place. Carter has presented how the nature exist and how
the humans survive in the nature.
According to Carter, The Company of Wolvestakes place in a forested, mountainous
country in the dead of winter. The place where exists the wolves. The narrator
explains that wolves are ruthless creatures who live to terrorize and kill those less
strong. They are especially ruthless in the winter, when food is scarce. The wolf is
carnivore incarnate and he s as cunning as he is ferocious; once he s had a taste of
flesh then nothing else will do (Morfetas, Elpida, and Tanya Ceolin, p 299),
another side of nature that is destructive. The nature is mixed up everything with
the good things and the bad things. All the good aspects are extracted by human
beings for their living whereas they also must keep an eye on the bad things for
survival. There is always danger hidden in the forest and children always carry
knives with them when they go to tend the little flocks of goats. These knives, half
the size of theirs, are sharpened every day for fear of the wolf.
The humans got to survive in the nature anyway. When the nature tends to threaten
the humans, Carter s version of the natural world explains, through stories, how
humans fight back with the nature. The narrator invokes

Playing the Enemy
The South Africa the world knows today was not always one of general unity and
democracy but of division and supremacy throughout the races. John Carlin s, Playing
the Enemy, guides you through South Africa s journey during the nineteen eighties
and early nineties to non racial democracy. Through firsthand experiences of many
South Africans including the dismantler of apartheid and former president, Nelson
Mandela, Carlin helps the reader understand what Mandela and many others had to
endure to make equality a reality for black South Africans. Carlin s focus on the
destruction of apartheid is coupled with the 1995 Rugby World Cup held in South
Africa, more specifically South Africa s Springboks and how Mandela used them to
unite the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mandela was not bitter and was able to put Coetsee at ease right away which
unknown to everyone then, began the spark of Mandela s rule. Carlin takes you
through Mandela working his way up the political ladder starting with Coetsee, than
to Niel Barnard, head of state intelligence, than to President PW Botha, FW de
Klerke, the successor of Botha, and lastly, General Constand Viljoen, the man who
wanted to go to war against Mandela s government when Mandela did come to
power. Carlin gives full justice to Mandela and what he had to do to go from prisoner
to president in a matter of 4 years. During apartheid most of the South African
population either thought themselves to be with whites or with the coloured side.
The white side was made mostly of the Afrikaans, the white Dutch descendants.
Although a smaller percentage of the population, these white people were generally
the wealthy and based their acceptance of apartheid on fear, Carlin states. Fear of
unemployment, loss of land and sharing the wealth were all factors that contributed
to this outlook. The white population generally did not hate Mandela himself but
just feared his motives. They questioned if he wanted to become president for
redemption and make their fears reality or if Mandela simply wanted equality. The
black side was made up of the native peoples of South Africa including Mandela s
native tribe, Tembu Xhosa which is a common native language. The blacks were
obviously against the oppression they

Letter From The Birmingham City Jail By Martin Luther
King...
Letter from the Birmingham City Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr argues about how
defending the use of nonviolent civil disobedience brings out legal change. Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. led a boycott defending racism and later on becoming the
prime spokesman for the American civil rights movement. However, during the
1960s, many public businesses were segregated and blacks experienced acts of
discrimination and violence. In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and
sent to jail for practicing nonviolent disobedience acts that blacks encountered. While
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was in jail, he wrote an open letter that was intentionally
meant to his clergymen using a pen that was smuggled in by his lawyers along with
sheets of paper that was lying around. After time past, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was
assassinated in the year of 1968. Surprisingly, his letter became the most famous
document during the movement and printed nearly a million copies. Furthermore, in
Birmingham, there are four basic steps done to have a successful nonviolent
campaign. The first step they practice is the collection of the facts which determines
whether injustices are still alive or not. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. states in his letter,
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. He is trying to imply that African
Americans in Birmingham are being affected by injustice directly, but other African
Americans not living in Birmingham are being affected by injustice indirectly. With

Sectionalism In The 19th Century
During the Age of Jackson, America was still trying to find it s definite identity.
America was making progress, but they were not where they wanted to be yet. The
sense of optimism and ongoing expansion during the early 19th century that helped
to bring America together for a period both contributed to a time of happiness and
breakthroughs in which America is trying to be defined as a happy and thriving
nation. The rise of democracycoupled with the the gradual political process, both
magnify the degree to which America was still trying to find themselves politically.
The rise of sectionalism and decline of nationalism point to the once wavering aura of
togetherness and separateness and now complete dominance of sectionalism. These...
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All of these things being said, nationalism is the result of these changes and feel
good moments. Togetherness separates America from the rest of the world during the
Era of Good Feelings to help portray America as a new thriving nation moving up.
America wasn t the only nation thriving . The Industrial Revolution in Europe (1750s
1840s) make the booming nations in Europe. Yet, America thrives at the expense of
being a very young nation that s gaining steam and doing it together. The steamboat
linked with the canal system helped to bring about hope and optimism and elevate
America into the world spotlight and helped a gradual transition from being a weak
and non self reliant nation.
In addition to expansion, a Jacksonian democracy with protective trade strategies
played a big part in ensuring uniqueness in America. In the U.S. in the early 1800s,
people who voted were white men, landowning, and quite wealthy all stemming from
Jeffersonian democracy. Jackson being a common man himself changed the idea of
what the regular voter looks like. He allowed non elitist, non land owning white men
to vote. But at the same time, he knew what that would look like in the national and
international spotlight. Jackson didn t search for uniqueness in male suffrage, but in a
way he did. He allowed male voting rights not trying to look unique on the
international level, but he knew a change needed to be made in who got to vote
despite looking different from most

Research Paper On St. Augustine Of Hippo
St. Augustine is extraordinary and wonderful for what he did and remarkable for
what he wrote. St. Augustine of Hippo was born in Tagaste (Now known as Souk
Ahras), Africa on November 13th, 354. His origin Latin name is Aurelius
Augustinus. St. Augustine was the son of Patricius and St. Monica. He is the
patron saint of brewers, printers, and theologians. His parents were in the
respectable class of the Roman society. They were able to get a first class
education for Augustine. Even though he had a brother and a sister, he was the only
one who was sent off to get an education. At 28, St. Augustine left Africa to make
his career in Rome in 383. After a brief period of time teaching in Tagaste, he went
back to Carthage to instruct rhetoric, and he was very good at it. Monica, his mother,
was a Christian, and his father was a pagan for many years until he became a
Christian before his death. St. Augustine converted into Christianityat the age of 33.
Later, he became a priest at 36 and a bishop at 41. He was the bishop of Hippo
from the year 396 to 430. St. Augustine is one of the Doctors of the Church and a
Latin father of the Church. He was the most significant thinker who was Christian
since St. Paul. He has many written works. Two of the most important are... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Augustine had many quotes. One of them includes: Too late have I loved you, O
Beauty of ancient days, yet ever new! Too late I loved you! And behold, you were
within, and I abroad, and there I searched for you; I was deformed, plunging amid
those fair forms, which you had made. You were with me, but I was not with you.
Things held me far from you things which, if they were not in you, were not at all.
You called, and shouted, and burst my deafness. You flashed and shone, and scattered
my blindness. You breathed odors and I drew in breath and I pant for you. I tasted,
and I hunger and thirst. You touched me, and I burned for your peace (St. Augustine,
Confessions).

If Hitchcock Auteur Analysis
The auteur theory holds that a director s hand is clearly and consistently evident in
their work, regardless of involvement in the rest of the production process. It s not
uncommon for artists to have a signature or quirk Author Stephen King uses
simplistic writing and significant world building to frame his often dark and
fantastical stories, and some painters choose to put their own hair or saliva into their
work rather than a signature. In the same way, an auteur s films have an instantly
recognizable atmosphere, motif, or even color palette and, just as importantly, such
an impression can give insight into an auteur s life and mind, lending that much more
weight to a body of work. Two such auteurs are thriller and suspense master... Show
His films are known for their heavy surrealism and dream imagery, things that
fascinated Lynch, as he feels that waking dreams are the most important kind, and the
closest you can get to showing an audience your dreams is through film. Lynch is
obsessed with the dark underbelly of otherwise cheery landscapes, like the little
suburbs he grew up in. He felt that beneath the veneer of pleasant suburban life was
a black ooze that would be visible if only you could find a crack through which to
peer. We look again to Blue Velvet, which features a young man (Jeffery) who
seems to be the embodiment of pure curiosity, and who plunges himself into a
world of incredible darkness and violence during a visit with his ill father. The film
opens with him coming across a severed ear in a field, and the camera spirals
downward into the severed ear s canal before cutting to the next shot. Every event
thereafter is nearly unbelievable; he happens upon a tortured jazz singer whose
family has been taken captive and who is raped and beaten repeatedly by a
grotesque drug kingpin named Frank. The young man finds all of this out from
watching her from a closet face lined by the shadows cast by the slats in the door,
giving him the appearance of being behind bars as he absrobs the horror before
him, now a voyeur himself. Everything is unreal, from Frank s almost insect like
appearance constantly sticking an oxygen mask over his pinched face to inhale
some kind of ether to Rosselini s character making a disturbingly violent sexual
advance toward Jeffery. The action is punctuated by a love scene, but not one that is
tender or appealing. Lynch slows and blurs the subjects on film so that actions are
not clearly visible, and the sound is slowed down immensely so that any noises made
by the lovers are rendered monstrous and grating. The shot reads like a dream or a
nightmare, but not anything

Examples Of Beware The Toils Of War In The Iliad
In the words of Homer, who wrote two epic poems which are famous works in
ancient Greek literature states, Beware the toils of war...the mesh of the huge
dragnet sweeping up the world. The first part of this quote which says beware the
toils of war, this means beware the hard and continuous work of war. I believe this
pertains to the dark ages because the Dark Age is when the Dorian s were
transitioning from the bronze ages to the iron ages. The iron ages this was
predominately about hatred and at war constantly. The second part of the quote
which says the mesh of the huge dragnet sweeping up the world, which means the
mesh of the huge game or food in a big net, is sweeping up the world. For me
personally I believe this pertains to the Greek civilization of the Mycenaeans
basically losing their civilization which was being swept away from the Dorian s
and losing their identity which I will talk about later. Therefore, I will be going
into further detail about Greek civilization, the dark ages and what was lost, and
homers the Iliad. The Greek Civilization was a mystery about the origin of the
Greeks which is unknown. However, we were able to indicate from their language
which uncovered they belonged to the Indo European language. The Greeks were a
blend of native tribes and Indo European raiders. From tracing back the culture of
Greeks, which was found of two earlier cultures named the Minoans and the
Mycenaean s. Speaking of the Minoans, they thrived in the 2nd millennium

Abolitionist John Brown
I have, may it please the court, a few words to say. In the first place, I deny
everything but what I have all along admitted the design on my part to free the
slaves. I intended certainly to have made a clean thing of that matter, as I did last
winter when I went into Missouri and there took slaves without the snapping of a
gun on either side, moved them through the country, and finally left them in Canada.
I designed to have done the same thing again on a larger scale. That was what I
intended. I never did intent murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to
excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.(Fanton 82)
These are some of the words spoken by abolitionist John Brown at his trial in Charles
Town, Virginia (now part of West Virginia) following his violent raid at Harper s
Ferry Federal Arsenal in October, 1859 (Fanton 82). John Brown played a vital role
in the anti slavery movement and his actions opened the eyes of a nation that would
become divided in a war of brother against brother. He clearly states his intentions,
but did he really not mean to excite or incite a rebellion among slaves? John Brown
represented the ideals and thoughts of many Americans. John Brown s strong beliefs
on a violent insurrection of the slaves gave rise to the beginning of the Civil War.
John Brown was born on May 9, 1800 in Torrington, Connecticut (McPhail). When
Brown turned five years old, his family moved to Ohio. His parents Owen Brown and
Ruth

I Am Grateful For Small Things, Big Things And Everything
Be grateful for small things, big things, and everything in between. Count your
blessings, not your problems. Mandy Hale
I believe there are many traits in life that make you a good person and lead you to
live a happy life, but being grateful is one of the best traits you could obtain. Being
grateful is one thing I feel many people in our society forget to do. One day I learned
to always appreciate what I have instead of what I don t.
So what did the doctor say? I remember asking this question so simply thinking my
father had just gone to a simple check up. It was late in the afternoon on what
seemed like any other normal day. My parents had just gotten home from my father s
doctor appointment when they picked me and my sister up to take her to softball
practice. We ll talk about when we get home my mother said very softly. My sister
always being the one to just go along with what my parents had said just muttered a
simple okay. I however have not been a very cooperative child Well why can t you
just tell us now? I stated simply annoyed with the fact that my parents were not
answering my question. We don t want your sister to be distracted at practice my
dad said. Instantly a flood of worry rushed through me. If it s so important that it
would distracted Cheyenne at practice it has to be something serious. I thought to
myself. Anxiously I waited until we arrived at the high school and my sister had
exited the car. So can you tell me now she s gone? I asked

Workplace Violence
Hi Tonnetta, I really enjoyed reading your post. Security in the workplace is a very
important topic. Any organization, no matter what kind, can experience workplace
violence. Workplace violence often includes behaviors such as physical assault,
threats, harassment, intimidation, and bullying (Mathis, Jackson, Valentine Meglich,
2017, p. 558). You are correct that workplace violencedoes not just involve physical
harm that one may do to another, it can be in the form of verbal harm. Verbal
threats, intimidation and bullying are the most common forms of workplace
violence and the least reported. A form of bullying can be through gossip and
rumors. Gossip and rumors can be just as dangerous and sinister as a physical assault.
We

Who Is The Antagonist In The Help
The Help directed by Tate Taylor is a film about African American (colored) people
serving the white Americans (whites). Minny and Aibileen are mothers working as
maids to earn money for their families. Young American, Skeeter (Emma Stone) is a
writer and aspiring journalist wishing to write a book about The Helpin Jackson. She
writes a book about the helps perspective and wishes for equality and change. This
was sparked by her friends negative and discriminating attitude towards the maids.
According to the whites, the colored, carry different diseases than we do . This
resulted in many whites getting toilets specifically for the coloured. Aibileen, the
narrator of The Help , told her story to Skeeter with a brave but frightened attitude.
She ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The film is focused on the survival and strength of the coloured, not about wealth
and happiness of the whites. Aibileen broken heartedly said They killed my son .
This shows the strength of one coloured woman. Preacher Green from the local
church said Courage isn t just about being brave, it s about overcoming fear and
daring to do what is right in your mind . Having the courage and bravery is what
Aibileen and 32 other maids were doing. They were unwelcomed in white houses
unless they are working, if they are working they do not get respected. Courage is
speaking up for what is right, in this case it is telling Skeeter their stories of being
a maid. I believe that courage is an important concept to have, as a girl of the white
and blue, teachers are always telling us, commanding us to stand out . Don t be like
the others, be yourself, is what they are informing us in my eyes. The Help is about
achieving what others can not achieve. Many events could of prevented the maids
from wanting to participate; shootings, abuse in the house and abuse from the white
public. Nevertheless, they stuck together and made a book about Jackson,

Essay about Unavoidable Changes in Pop Culture
Unavoidable Changes Popular culture moves through our world at warp speed
(Aufses, Scanlon, Shea 707). For example, current events that take place by day are
the main topics by night. Even videos posted on the internet can become the biggest
trend overnight, but disappear just as quick. Without realizing it, everyday these
trends of thoughtaffect the way we dress, live and think. Whether we like it or not,
these thoughts are manipulated by popular culture. It is undeniable that we are
creatures of outside influences; as a rule we do not think, we only imitate (Source A).
Pop cultureinfluences us through many forms: movies, television, music, art, and
peers are some examples. This affirmation is supported through essays from... Show
Occasionally, the movies contain the past thoughts and feelings of the producers,
who re create their memories and broadcast it through films. By altering a storyline
of a film, stereotypes are formed. In most teen movies, they contain a high school
background. Usually, the antagonist is the blonde who is the most hated young
woman in America, with her male counterpart, the muscular but dumb football
player by her side (Source B). The plot usually goes that the geeky girl will
overcome any obstacles thrown at her by the wicked princess to end up with prince
charming, which creates a Cinderella Fantasy, making every aspect of the movie
believable (Source B). Although this could indeed happen in real life, the chances
are not likely. However, by creating this close to reality films, they provide the
emotional satisfaction the audience is seeking when watching a movie (Source B).
The actions of others contribute to pop culture. For instance, when Jerry would make
a speech, Twain would listen and was being influenced without knowing it. Fashion
and manners are examples of pop culture altering the way we dress and think. The
flaring hoopskirt is the new thing that appears and it is laughed at, but six months
later [...] it is admired, now, and no one laughs (Source A). Our table, company, and
street manners change now and then, but we merely notice and conform instead of
thinking why it changed

The Superego In The Movie Regarding Henry
The movie Regarding Henry is an interesting story about a lawyer whose life is flip
turned upside down one day when he was going out to buy a pack of cigarettes. He
was shot twice, once in the brain and once in an artery near his heart, which gave
him severe brain damage and basically erased all of his past memories. Every scene
in this movie shows either his Id or Superego showing, but after his injury, he
mostly shows his Id, as he had not relearned his superego quite yet. For me, Henry
s natural state is obviously the Id because his super ego seems very much like a
learned behavior. Regarding Henry has many Id scenes, for one example, when his
daughter Rachel spills her milk he says Oh, its okay, I do that all the time then he
proceeds

The Need to Control Water Pollution
When you turn on the tap and drink a glass of water, Does it taste funny? Is it
clear? The water you are drinking may be toxic without any such indicators. Water
is all around us; it is essential for life. Over two thirds of earth s surface is covered by
water, but everyone only wants and need clean water. Each year, water pollution
increases and continues to be responsible for harming our environment. According to
Duhigg (2009) of the New York Times, more than 100 wells were polluted by
agricultural runoff within a few month time period, affecting livestock such as pigs
and cows . Water pollution is a silent and deadly pollution bacterium can be tasteless,
colorless, and scentless. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
(2009) says that the United States has the safest water supplies in the world, but states
that when water sources became contaminated, they can easily cause widespread
sickness and disease from waterborne germs including Cryptosporidium, E. coli,
Hepatitis A., and other pathogens. Despite progress reducing water pollution from the
largest sources, our country still faces serious pollution challenges. Violations are still
too widespread, and enforcement too uneven. We need to do better controlling
pollution.
Water pollution can occur through natural process, but many times water pollution is
mostly a result of human activities. Water is used every day in our homes and
industries; the average of water use in the United States is

Review Of Nicolo And Maffeo Polo
In 1260, Nicolo and Maffeo Polo set forth on their first journey to the East. After
traveling from the East to the land of the Tartar they reached the Kublai Khan
court. The Khan questioned them about the Catholic faith and asked them to
return to Europe and request the pope to send missionaries. However, when the
two explorers returned they learned that Pope Clement was dead. After that discovery
they also revealed Nicolo s wife had died while giving birth to a son, who is now in
his teenage years. After the passing of the Pope there was a long delay in naming a
new one. In 1271, Marco Poloset forth navigating across exotic lands with his father
and uncle on a journey that lasted several years. Marco Polo discovered trade and
religion that has brought the world together today. The beginning of their journey led
to them being accepted into the Kublai KhanCourt. This journey took place across
deserts, mountains, and seas in East Asia, continuing along the Silk Road, and
through regions that were unknown to the Western World. Also, they had many
encounters with creatures, plants, and humans from different cultures. Through
acceptance and service, Marco Polo was led to places far away that were rich of
gems, gold, and silk. Yet, when participating in a military conflict in 1298 he was
taken captive. Marco Polo, the son of a Venetian merchant and traveler, has become
one of the most famous European travelers because of the documentation of his
journey. Marco Polo

Romeo And Juliet Who s To Blame Essay
A beautiful loves story with lovers fighting to be together, but their parents ruined it
for them, this is the story of Romeo and Juliet. The people to blame for the tragedy
of these lovers are their parents . If it wouldn t have been for the feud between the
Capulets and the Montagues their love wouldn t have been a secret.
Since the parents didn t like each other it rubbed off on everyone else in the families.
Tybalt, who was mad at Romeo, probably wouldn t have been mad at him if it wasn
t for the feud. This prevalent in the following: Tybalt says, This, by voice, should be
a Montague. Fetch me my rapier,boy...Now by the stock and honor of my kin, To
strike him dead I hold not a sin. This is obvious that the parents were at fault, because
it affected the family members too. It made them hate the other family without
having a valid reason. Two households, both alike in dignity.. ,... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
What s in a name?...So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called, Retain that dear
perfection which he owes. Without that title. Romeo doff thy name;... (210). Juliet
makes herself think that a name has no meaning. She decides to ask Romeo to drop
his last name so that he doesn t have to be constantly reminded of his family. Juliet
knows the danger that they will face if they re caught together by their parents or
family. If they do see thee, they will murder thee(211). , Juliet expressed
frightenedly. Some people might say that the lovers could ve been bold and told their
parents , but to go against their wishes would be dishonor.
In conclusion, the parents of Romeo and Juliet were at fault for the death of their
children. The lovers wouldn t have had to hide their love if they weren t afraid of
their parents . Both Romeo and Juliet s parents grudge and selfishness hurt their
children. These 2 lovers had a future, but old grudges and pure hate ended it before it

Marcergens are those bacteria responsible for plant tissue...
Marcergens are those bacteria responsible for plant tissue maceration resulting in
total tissue collapse (Gwyn 2007). Soft rot diseases of vegetable is the most
characteristic symptom of tissue maceration in plant which begins as small water
soaked lesion, expands and intensifies until the tissue turns soft and watery.
Apparently, the outer surface of the diseased plant might stay unbroken, while tanned
and depressed, or enclosed in an exuding bacterial mucus layer. Foul smells are
common owing to the discharge of explosive complexes through tissuedegradation.
Best bacterial growth follows after plant cell lysis in these diseases. Soft rotting
bacteriaare distinguished for the speed at which they stimulate soft rot: warehoused
crop may... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These macergens infect and destroy plant tissues both pre and postharvest and this
species causes the greatest damage to harvested vegetables (Amy 2007). There is
need to ensure a continuous cold chain from immediately postharvest to retail to
successfully manage this ubiquitous spoilage bacterium that only thrive well at
temperatures of 20В°C and above. The fluorescent Pseudomonads (i.e. P.
fluorescens and P. viridiflava) can macerate plant parenchymatous tissues at a
temperature below 4В°C, this cause for high occurrence of these bacteria on
decayed vegetables both at wholesale and retail markets. These soft rotting
fluorescent Pseudomonads and Erwinia, therefore become the major threat to
commercial fresh product operations and fresh vegetables precisely, from the farm
to retail and wholesale outlets. However, there are currently no commercial agents
available specifically for controlling soft rot (Dong et al. 2004; Latour et al. 2008).
Despite advances in vegetable production and diseases management, many
challenges face growers of vegetables, out of which the major one is the damage
caused by macergens (PГ©rombelon 2002). Macergens damage the tissues of
vegetable thereby reducing the quality, yields and shelf life and consumer satisfaction
of these plants. They usually cause great economic losses due to

The American Paradox By Michael Pollan Analysis
Redundant Contradictions Everyone is distinct in his or her own way, therefore, each
individual has different types of habits. Michael Pollan, a professor from the
University of California, Berkeley, has written a book that includes a section on
something that he called the American Paradox. Emerging his ideas from the French
paradox, he has developed a concept in which he believed to be true of the Americans
diets. From his viewpoint, the relationships between the way Americans eat and
balance their nutritionand health is an inverse correlation. Pollan states that the
relationship between the nutrition of the Americans and their health and satisfaction
are contrary, in which that when one factor goes up, the other goes down. As
illustrated... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We ve been told in the earlier years by nutritionists that some food are more healthy
than others, but only to be overturned by later studies. Pollan feels that this
orthodoxy is very contradicting as Americans have been assured about how
having a low diet helps prevent health issues, but only to be revealed by even more
professionals that these foods actually have harmful effects on health, Sooner or
later, everything solid we ve been told about the links between our diet and our
health seems to get blown away in the gust of the most recent study (Pollan). They
have been told that these foods are of no harm, yet to only acquire health issues
such as obesity later in their lives. For instance, my friends tried to only eat foods
that affirm a low diet, however, it has barely done anything to their health and
weight. Surprisingly, these supposedly low diet foods doesn t provide the vitamins
enough for the body to function properly (Miller). It has been said that low diet
foods makes people want to eat more than usual because these foods are mostly
served in smaller portions that make people think that they are eating

How Does Auden Use Satire In The Unknown Citizen
W.H. Auden was a great poet during his time. He was also involved with different
Christian beliefs. One of his greatest poems would have to be The Unknown Citizen
which was written in 1939. He wrote this poem shortly after he moved to the United
States. The Unknown Citizen is mainly a satiric poem. The author of the poem uses
satire in the poem by the theme of conformity, submissiveness, and propaganda. W.H.
Auden shows satire in The Unknown Citizenby the theme of conformity. According
to the dictionary, conformity is obedience and compliancy (Dictionary). The main
character was conforming to the people around him. He was showing obedience to
them by accepting what they said. He accepted the laws that the government was
expressing. Through this, he lost his sense of individuality. He was not himself
anymore. He was being conformed into someone else. A person that he was not. He
was agreeing with views that he really didn t agree too. The poem says, that he held
the proper opinions for the time of year (Poets). This relates to the idea of... Show
Auden shows satire in The Unknown Citizen by propaganda. Many of Auden s
poems contains propaganda. Most of the propaganda found is relating to Hitler
and the Nazi s. Readers of The Unknown Citizen can see propaganda in many ways.
Some of the ways are not necessarily shown where people can see it easily. One
example of propaganda in The Unknown Citizen is the war. The war that is talked
about is World War II. This is one of the largest propagandas found in the poem. The
speaker fought in the war and submitted to the general. Then comes home to
submissiveness and conformity. Another propaganda that is in the poem is the Tomb
of the Unknown Soldier. This propaganda is hidden and is not really shown except
through the title. The title is part of the satire that is shown throughout this poem.
The propaganda and satire add to the poems mood. Part of the poem is sad but then
there is the satirical

Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Characteristics
Dr. Jekyll is a deeply divided sense person. Mr.Hyde is an person only one part to his
nature. Dr. Jekyll can really control the anger. Mr.Hyde has an unwarranted anger.
Dr. Jekyll is a doctor and is involved in charity and giving back. Mr.Hyde is a self
servant person that has a violent background. Introduction : Sometimes do you
feel you are two people in the same body? It may be quite possible if one minute you
act sweet and nice to person and in the next minute you are angry and mean. Like
someone may look at you different and think you are a crazy person. This was the
case with Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll was kind and in relationship with the
love of his life. Mr. Hyde comes along, in the same body, after taking a secret potion
and becomes this evil man. Once it was all said and done, Mr. Hyde destroyed Dr.
Jekyll life and career. Mental Characteristics : Dr. Jekyll was a normal person who
seemed to have good morals and values. He had a great career, a lady he was
engage to marry, and was highly liked by many people. Hyde on the other had
mental disorders. He fought with demons in his head. He was aggressive and short
tempered with people. The two personas were nothing alike. One was good and the
other was evil.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde s appearance wasn t mentioned much in the readings. He is
described as middle aged, well groomed, and nice . One quote portray s Dr. Jekyll s
appearance as this, A large, well made, smooth faced man of fifty, with something
of a s t y l ish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness . Mr. Hyde is
described as younger, energetic, and mean. O ne quote identify Mr. Hyde like this,
It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn t like a man; it was like
some damned Juggernaut. . . He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave
me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. Two totally
different physical appearances in the same

Programming for a Better Future
Programing for a Better Future The world has become extremely depended on
technology. But hardly anyone takes time to think about all the hard work that has
been put into creating the technology and programs. Computer programing is a vast
field with many different categories. The different subcategories are desktop
application programming, core programming, system programming, and
programming science. Within the different categories there are subcategories. The
different subcategories contain various job descriptions ranging from constructing
new computerlanguage to creating a new application such as Java. One of the main
and most important categories is system programming. Programming Science is a
type of advanced programing which develops computing technologies, programing
languages and data mining. Even though some people do not have to specialize, it
would be the best option. The different specialties are algorithmdesign, programming
languages, artificial intelligence, robotics, scientific programming, supercomputing,
computer aided design, virtual reality and computer graphics. Algorithm design is
constructing a specific method to mathematical process. Programming languages is
having a computer programmerwrite instructions for a computer to follow. Artificial
intelligence is when human like intelligence is shown and experienced by machines
or software. Robotics is a branch of technology that consists of design, construction,
operation and application of robots.

Professional Nursing Practice Essay
Professional nursing practice is a commitment to strong ethical values, compassion,
caring with continuous development of self and others, demonstrating a spirit of
collaboration and flexibility with accountability and responsibility for insightful
practice. Professional practice ensures midwives and nurses uphold excellence in
their care delivery, continuously demonstrating and assessing their practice, it
emphases on nursing and midwifery principles, rule, authority, management,
guideline, and legislation. The vital purpose of professional practice in nursing and
midwifery is to provide care with compassion and kindness that achieves preeminent
clinical results for their patients (Baumann et al. 2001). However, professional
practice in nursing to my understanding means nurses being knowledgeable in their
profession; working... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Competence to practice is dependent upon acquisition and maintenance of specific
nursing knowledge and skills, and can be linked to individual behaviours and abilities.
Continuing Professional development is a career long process of professional growth
of nurses through the development and maintenance of continued competence within
both generalist and specialist areas of practice. CPD can be stimulated by reflection
or experience and other learning which may occur in a variety of ways including, but
not limited to, formal award education programs.
Continuing professional development can be comprised of planned and organised
learning activities beyond pre registration education programs. In order to enhance
the practice of nursing by both the individual and the profession, these activities
should be diverse, promote reflective practice by the nurse, and improve and extend
professional competence.

Stereotypes In Daisy Miller
Written by American writer Henry James in 1878, the novella Daisy Miller
delineates the story of a young American girl Daisy Miller narrated by
Winterbourne, a young compatriot of hers who has spent most of his life in Geneva.
Henry, along with other characters in the novel, condemns Daisy s boldness and
defiance. He often describes Daisy as seductress who is trying to trap Winterbourne.
However, feminist interpretation of the novelbrings forth Daisy as a heroine who
represents first generation New Woman whose emergent femininity doesn t fit into
societal norms. She acquires her freedom in male dominated world through defiance.
Daisy is part of a generation of young American women to whom more options than
ever were open as women s rights... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James portrayed some of society s own ambivalent views on what paths the New
Woman could take, and what dangers she still faced, especially in the older, more
established European culture. In many ways, the novella shows how menacing a
path to physical and psychological enclosure can be, causing her to face many
adversaries. Henry notes, The vesper service was going forward...meanwhile,
between Mrs. Costello and her friends, there was a great deal said about poor little
Miss Miller s going really too far (James 53). In a time when women were criticized
about for not following the common norms of females, Daisy is too much ahead of
her time and her feminist urgings causes her to inevitably fail. Alternatively, perhaps
James subconsciously wants to kill the impending feminist movement and enforce
the dominance of males over females, whose standards are not presented by Daisie s
rebellious character. Furthermore, perhaps James uses his novel to reinforce gender
stereotypes and the importance of the cult of domesticity, as Daisy s rebellious
character, which was very peculiar in this era, resulted in her death and intense
denunciation from society. Additionally, Daisy crosses the gender line of female
sexuality to pursue her desires; her free attitude and

Lost In Translation Film Analysis
Lost in Translation, written and directed by Sofia Coppola, is a 2003 romantic
comedy drama starring Bill Murray and Scarlett Johansson. Set and shot on
location in Tokyo on Kodak 35mm film stock, Lost in Translation explores the
concepts of isolation and loneliness of individuals. Cinematographer, Lance Acord
uses a muted colour palette, wide shots and selective focus to enhance the film s
dichotomy of being alone vs. being with somebody themes and creates a dreamlike
reality by doing so. Acord uses wide shots of the characters alone in small,
relatively empty spaces, such as a hotel room, to emphasise their loneliness and
isolation. In one of her first scenes, Johnsson s character, Charlotte, is shown sat
looking out of her hotel window. Johansson takes up little of the frame in contrast
to the unfocused city landscape outside, giving the illusion of the hotel being
prisonlike and evokes the sense of her character feeling trapped and alone. Similarly,
wide shots are used in exterior city scenes to display how the protagonists are alone
and unacknowledged even amongst crowds of people. These shots are used for both
protagonists, highlighting the similarity of their emotions at the beginning of the
film and the connection they make after meeting. These parallels are obvious in Bob
s opening car scene, and Charlotte s first window scene, where the concept of feeling
unbalanced in relation to the rest of the world is displayed through the contrast
between

Factors That Impact The Adoption Of Mobile Payment
System
1.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1Research Design
Before assessing the research paper, the secondary data from previous researchers
was used to obtain the background and history of the research topic Factors that
impact the adoption of Mobile Payment System. From assessing the previous articles
on this topic it can be found that many developing and developed countries had a
study on the factors that impact the adoption of Mobile Payment System, Kenya
(Morawczynski, 2010), China (Zhao, Y Kurnia, S. 2014) and etc.
The quantitative research method is being used in this research study. Quantitative
research methods are a number of statistical and mathematical tools that can be used
to capture and analyze information on quantitative ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
3.2 The Survey Instrument An eight section self administered questionnaire was
developed (Appendix B). The first section of the questionnaire was designed to collect
the demographic (e.g. gender, age group and education level) of respondents. The
second section of the questionnaire measures the convenience of mobile payment
system which may influence the customer intention to use mobile payment systems. It
consists of 9 statements which address the convenience features of mobile payment
systems. Respondents are asked to rate the agreement on a 5 point Likert scale
ranging from (1) strongly disagree (5) strongly agree . In the third section of the
questionnaire include a criterion statement pertaining to price of using mobile
payment system which will influence the customer intention to use mobile payment
systems. It consists of 4 statements which address the price features of mobile
payment systems. Respondents are asked to rate the agreement on a 5 point Likert
scale ranging from (1) strongly disagree (5) strongly agree . The fourth section of the
questionnaire measures the customer service of mobile payment systems which may
influence the consumer s intention to use mobile payment systems. It consists of 5
statements which address the customer service features of mobile payment systems.
Respondents are asked to rate the agreement on a 5 point Likert scale ranging from
(1) strongly disagree (5)

Jazz Dance History
KEEP CALM AND JAZZ ON
The Jazz dance form is quite popular and is enjoyed by all for its energy and
rhythm. It is often thought of as an American creation, but it truly originates from a
form of dance that was African American in origin. This occurred during the late
1800s. The first man to officially perform jazz dance was an American called Joe
Frisco in around 1910. Though this was the first recorded history of jazz dancing, its
roots seemed to lie further in the past than this.
When slaves were transported from Africa to America, they were allowed by their
traders to dance as it kept them physically fit and emotionally going. The moves
thus created by these slaves were a number of jazzy steps that no one knew would
become a major dance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Lindy Hop and Jitterbug Originally devised in the late 1920s, in the Savoy
Ballroom in Harlem, The Lindy hop is characterized by intricate solo footwork
following breaking away from the embrace of a couple. Popularly it is known as the
jitterbug today. The name, though now encompassing many dance styles, formerly
was thought to have originated from the fact that the whites when danced the Lindy
Hop they appeared to be intoxicated.
5.Swing and Boogie Woogie The boogie woogie is thought of as a swing style form
of jazz dance where dancers dance to a medley of blues and big band swing. The
boogie woogie is a fast moving dance style incorporating the dance flying feet,
stomps, hops and

Alienation In Flowers For Algernon
Daniel Keyes was born in 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. He worked as a merchant
seaman for most of his years until he went to Brooklyn College and got both bachelor
s and master s degrees. Afterwards, he got into the fashion photography industry.
Later, he left that industry for something more literary. He became a fictioneditor at
Marvel Science Fiction and became a high school teacher for developmentally
disabled adults his inspiration for Flowers for Algernon. He wrote his future novel as
a short story called Flowers For Algernon, which recieved a Hugo Award and a TV
adaption. Keyes still wanted more from this short story, and thus, wrote a full
fledged novel. This won a Nebula Award and was turned into a movie, which won an
Academy Award.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[Keyes, 293]
As I finished the last words of the novel, my jaw dropped. It s such an incredible
classic book. Not truly a science fiction lover, I did not really think I would enjoy it,
as I don t really like the aliens and spaceships in other science fiction novels. The
novel is, at first glimpse, a little peculiar and strange, but once you really get into it,
you realize how sad and how good of a moral this story has. It really draws you in
and opens your eyes to the world around you.
The story is told in such a unique way that it hooked me in after the first chapter. It
is told in progress reports of the main character, Charlie Gordon, which is such an
academically genius idea because the reader is able to see how Charlie s intelligence
grows. The opening paragraph (the first progress report), throws us into this world.
Personally, I really do recommend reading this book. The impact the novel can
make on a person and how it easily the novel shies away from the stereotypical ideal
classical novel is incredible. It is definitely required reading in my

List of the Top Foodcart Franchising Business in the...
List of the Top Foodcart Franchising Businesses in the Philippines 1. 3 in 1 Snack
Store Franchise 2. 3M Pizza Pie Franchise 3. Adobo Rice Atbp. Foodcart Franchise
4. Advice for New Owners of Food Cart Business 5. Aldrino s Bibingka Espesyal
Franchise 6. All U Need Food Station 7. Amazing Cones Pizza in a Cone Franchise
8. Anak ng Siopao Franchise 9. Apordabols Pusit Atbp Franchise 10. Arabian Nights
Shawarma Franchise 11. Aseas House of Burger Franchise 12. Authentic Japanese
Corn Franchise 13. Ayskrim Haus Franchise 14. Babba Habba Shawarma Franchise
15. Bake amp; Churn Cart Franchise 16. Baliwag Lechon Manok Franchise 17. Balls
ng Bayan Foodcart Franchise 18. Balot Foodcart... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Happy Waffle Foodcart Franchise 110. Happy Haus Donuts Franchise 111. Hecky s
Lechon Foodcart Franchise 112. Hero Sausages Franchise 113. HK Noodle Store
Franchise 114. HK Noodles 115. Holy Kettle Corn Franchise 116. Hong Kong Style
Noodles amp; Dimsum Franchise 117. Hong Kong Style Noodles Foodcart Franchise
118. Hongkong Fried Noodles Franchise 119. Hongkong Noodle Factory Franchise
120. Hotcake Foodcart Franchise 121. House of Dimsum Franchise 122. House of
Panini Franchise 123. House of Siomai Express Franchise 124. I Love Sysig
Foodcart Franchise 125. Ice Scramble 126. Ice Scramble Fooodcart Concept 127. Ice
Scramble Icy Pink Foodcart Franchise 128. Iking s Specialties Franchise 129.
Impressca Salad2Go Franchise 130. Ishie s Shakes amp; Waffle Franchise 131. It s
Tea Time Foodcart Franchise 132. Itlog on Stick Franchise 133. Jack s Eatabols
Foodcart Franchise 134. Japanese Cakes Franchise 135. JC Takoyaki Foodcart
Franchise 136. Jolliant Rice Meals Foodcart Franchise 137. Jones Brothers Pizza
Co. Foodcart Franchise 138. Joshawarma Foodcart Franchise 139. Judea Frozen
Blends Franchise 140. Juicee Fruity Franchise 141. Just Poppin Popcorn Franchise
142. Kasagingan Franchise 143. KeRRimO Food and Drink Franchise 144. Ketchup
amp; Mayo Franchise 145. King Kebab Foodcart Franchise 146. Koo Koo Haus
Franchise 147. Kuya s

Installing A Office Surveillance System
Due to the rapid advancement in technology especially in the security industry,
there is a huge surge in the numbers of company surveillance of the employees and
different ways of supervision have been established. Many companies have
installed security cameras in the workplace and have access to the browsing
history and emails of workers. However, there has been an uproar among the
workers lately as they are more exposed to social media and news from different
places. More and more cases of employers overextending their power and control of
workers private lives can be seen all over the United States. For example, according
to the president of Teamsters Local 804, Tim Sylvester, the metrics based assault of
workers is not anything strange (Bruder, 2015). Indeed, it is not beneficial to a
company to install office surveillancesystem because it raises privacyconcerns among
the workers, causes mistrust between employees and employers, and reduces
organizational commitment. It is argued by some that installing surveillance system
in the workplace is advantageous to the company because the companies need to
protect their company assets and trade secrets. This is because electronic surveillance
prevents any intrusion, hacking or negative attempts to their computer systems.
Indeed, Ball (2010) contends that they want to protect corporate interests and trade
secrets. Email, Internet monitoring and information access control are all deployed
against risks of defamation,

Rise Of Islam Research Paper
The utilization of religion as a political tool to persecute individuals is a problem
consistently faced in history. Placing religion and politics in one category, leads to
problems such as confusion of authority, divination of rulers and political warfare.
These problems can be seen in certain political religions such as Islam. In the Islamic
religion, there is no official voice of Islam. This is partly due to the fact that the
history of Islam is a history of ever changing claims to religious authority. Meaning
that multiple figures and institutions become the authoritative leaders that delegate
which principles of Islam become ever present in their ruling period. For instance,
Osama bin Laden was an authoritative leader that utilized... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The original Islamic sources, the Quran and the Hadith, had very little information
about the formation of government. Therefore, after the death of the Prophet
Muhammad, Muslims were left to improvise and form a governmental structure.
This structure was based on a hierarchy system that delegated more power to the
caliphate. In other words, the Islamic State was ruled by a series of caliphs based
on the divination of power from the Muhammad lineage, which allowed each
successor to be chosen by the previous ruler. This system of structure greatly
benefited the Muslim community who received economic and political rewards,
such as, guaranteed financial incomes and military/administration positions. Non
Muslims, who remained from conquered lands, were not treated so justly. The
Islamic State placed a poll tax (jizya) on Non Muslims which lent benefits to the
Muslim community. Having a ruler placed into power by divination, such as in the
case of the Islamic State, leads to general persecution and exploitation of the
people who do not follow the religious beliefs of the ruler. This is seen with the
Non Muslims, who were exploited to provide benefits to the Muslim community.
Therefore, the problem with divination of power in a political religion is that the
voice of the religious is commonly expressed while those who have opposing ideals
are subjected to

Crooks In An Expensive School
The quote, The more expensive a school is, the more crooks it has , caught my
attention because not many would expect that an expensive school would have
crooks in it. Most people wouldn t expect that there are more crooks in an expensive
school since in a society only upper class and some middle class people would be
able to afford to go to an expensive school. People would think the types of people
that go to an expensive school must be respectable and have a good nature, since
they are trying to become educated and prepared for the world. Instead, according
to Holden there are more crooks in an expensive school than other types of schools.
In a way this makes sense because the children that go to expensive schools must be
from a family

Bel Canto Comparative Essay
Bel Canto by Ann Patchett and Tragedy and Utopia by Michael Ignatieff have
multiple common themes. However, the one common theme that stood out was
vertical social hierarchy through language and communication. Gen Watanabe is a
clear example of that in Bel Canto, who enates his skills by creating a social
connection through a common language.
In Tragedy and Utopia, there s an invisible curtain of communication between the
citizens of the welfare state and Ignatieff, through the division of labors. We can
further improve our society through a common communication by directly coming
together to talk about our basic survival and flourishing needs. Gen in Bel Canto is
the middle man who does everything. Due to his multi linguistic skills, Gen has
been using his intellect to help everyone in the Bel Canto, ranging from simple as
communicating with hostages or serving as a translator for the terrorists. To begin
with, Gen has slowly climbed the social level of hierarchy in Bel Canto. It is much
harder to do the same in Tragedy and Utopia. Matter of fact is in order to improve
our wellbeing as humans; we need to more interactive with each other. In Tragedy
and Utopia, it s described that in order to be human: not what they need to be happy
or free since these are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What I mean by this is how Gen was able to communicate with Carmen through the
language of love and compassion, an intimate connection. Regardless of whatever
barrier that might be present, Gen was able to find meaning in someone which on
its own is fairly complicated. Now in order to better himself, it s a matter of
questioning Gen s needs and wants. As everyone in class spoke about how needs and
wants are two completely different entities, so are the topics of language and
communication. This whole essay is more complicated than the 750 word limitation
set forth on

Chief Mckinley And Field Training Officers
I asked Chief McKinley what positions he felt were the most influential in the
department. Chief McKinley believes that Sergeants and Field Training Officers
(FTO) are the two most important roles in the department. Both positions are
leadership positions and set the culture for the department. Sergeants work closing
with patrol and have an influence over them, whether they want to admit it or not.
Sergeants must be aware that officers look to them for guidance and mimic their
attitude. This is why it is imperative for Sergeants to display a professional attitude
at all time. The same can be said for Field Training Officers. FTO s are responsible
for laying the ground work as the example of how to act with the public, suspects,
victims, and fellow employees. Both positions must be professional at all times.
Chief McKinley stated that patrol officers also face a high degree of liability.
Some of the highest forms of liability come in operating a patrol vehicle, use of
force, and search and seizure. Chief McKinley also made mention that some officers
have the misconception that if they get sued, the city will back them. Chief
McKinley stressed that it was important for officers to understand that if they act out
of the scope of the department s general orders, they may not be backed by the city
in criminal or civil courts. Policepursuits are a common liability for departments and
the operating officer. These particular suits generally allege negligence on behalf of
the

Case Study Of Nora Zilahip
What is the best thing about translating? Translators are independent, they are their
own masters and they can choose what to translate or where to work.
There are only a few people who have experienced so many sides of translating.
Nora Zilahy is among them. She has been translating for 17 years, she owned a
translating company some years ago and she is currently a business partner manager
at Espell translation and localization ltd. She has a lively, versatile personality. She
is mostly with her daughter in her free time, but she often goes to theatre, enjoys
reading and travelling, moreover, she also loves horse riding she used to do this sport
competitively. Today, however, her translator career will be in the centre point.
She graduated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, one of her teachers chose NГіra to involve her in an EU project. This
teacher became her mentor and helped her a lot. Since then, this passion for EU
documents hasn t faded. According to her it is easy to acquire EU terminology and
language. Numerous background information are available for everyone, therefore
translators can prepare for these texts easily and preparedness is very important for
NГіra. Moreover, EU topics are really diverse starting from fishing through
sustainable energy to accession processes. She never gets bored of

How Drug Addiction Detoxification And Rehabilitation...
Drug addiction detoxification and rehabilitation requires time and many steps in
order for the affected person to succeed. Every addict is a fingerprint. The individual
biochemistry, social history and personality of the addict means that each person may
respond to different therapies to achieve success in recovery. Holistic therapies such
as nutrition, chiropractic, acupuncture, meditation, art and music therapy, horse
assisted therapy and neurofeedback training are being researched and employed in
various treatment facilities as an adjunct to the more traditional therapies such as
medical detox, individual counseling and behavioral therapies. Even hallucinogenic
drugs have been used safely and effectively as a short term intervention for
addictions. The use of these unique approaches allows more addicts an opportunity
for recovery, especially if they were previously unsuccessful with the more standard
therapies. Hallucinogens, such as LSD, ibogaine, peyote and ayahuasca, are
classified as Schedule I drugs with a high potential for abuse and no known medical
uses. However, there is evidence that they might be safe and effective for short term
treatments in addictiondetoxification and treatment. They have a larger safety margin
than the major addictive drugs with a low mortality rate and negligent physical
dependencepotential. Research suggests that their action on serotonin is relevant to
addiction treatment because these levels tend to be deficient in addict

The Development Of Telescope
Throughout human history, civilization was built and developed upon a sense of
mystery. In the ancient time, people believed the existence of eternal God, who
lived beyond people s vision in the vastness of dark sky, and developed their own
routine upon that. Observed this mysterious sky for centuries, Greek astronomer
Ptolemy finally developed a geocentric model in the Second Century A.D in his
book Almagest. In his work, Ptolemy made all of his assumptions were purely
based on observations. In 1543, a Polish astronomer Nicholaus Copernicus polished
a heliocentric model, which again was derived on visual evidences. These
revolutionary discoveries took years to complete. As a comparison, modern
astronomical science, which explains the origin of the universe and life cycle of
stars, was established and rapidly developed in merely four hundred years: people
now understood so much about the universe. These astonishing developments were
the result of observational technology advancement: everything people know about
this universe is from observation. From simple optical telescopes to radio telescopes
and high energy telescopes, people constantly improve observational technologies to
make more discoveries. This scientific development reached its climax as people
launched a revolutionary telescope above the atmosphere for a better quality of
image. These revolutionary changes in observational technology help this universe be
more comprehensive to human. The first telescope like

The American Cowboy
The American Cowboy The cowboys of the frontier have long captured the
imagination of the American public. Americans, faced with the reality of an
increasingly industrialized society, love the image of a man living out in the
wilderness fending for himself against the dangers of the unknown. By the year
1900 there were few renegade Indians left in the country and the vast expanse of
open land to the west of the Mississippi was rapidly filling with settlers. Cowboys
represented a major part of the frontier spirit and Americans were eager to keep the
romanticism of the west alive. Throughout the 20th century, western themed movies
and books have been extremely popular. The cowboys of the west, while realistically
a minor part of United... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He joined the Texas Rangers and fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War.
Oliver Loving was a Kentuckian who also found his way to Texas during his early
life. Loving was an experienced cattle herder who supplied meat to the
Confederates during the Civil War although, the army s ability to consume
exceeded the ability to pay and by the war s end, the Confederate States of America
owed Loving more than $100,000.00. (Hopkins County) Goodnight and Loving
saw each others value in the partnership and realized the potential money to be
earned. With Goodnight s Indian fighting skills and Loving s trail experience the
two had great success. In 1866 they set out with two thousand cattle from Belknap,
Texas to Fort Sumner on what would later be known as the Goodnight Loving trail.
Goodnight and Loving used the trail in 1866 and 1867 but stage lines, emigrants,
and drovers made frequent use of the trail until almost 1900. Charles Goodnight ran
the Ja Cattle Ranch after his herding days. The ranch was very successful and at one
point contained more than 10,000 cattle. Goodnight was a good man who cared
about maintaining the beauty and life of the frontier. In 1878 he saved four buffalo
calves and by 1916 his 200 buffalo represented one tenth of the total number of
buffalo in the United States. Most of the legend surrounding Goodnight and Loving
regard the unusual circumstances of Oliver Loving s death. Larry McMurty used an
identical

The Unethical Issues of the Tuskegee Study Essay
In 1929, there were good intentions to help the African Americans. The Julius
Rosenwald Fund tried to improve the health illnesses of African Americans by
approaching representatives of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). Unfortunately,
the Great Depression did not allow for this study to happen because it hit the Fund
hard. Since there were no more funds, Dr. Taliaferro Clark, Chief of the USPHS
Venereal Disease Division and author of the Rosenwald Study report, suggested that
the treatment study could be partly saved by conducting a new study. This study
became known as Study of Untreated Syphilis in Males. The U.S. Public Health
Service conducted this new experiment study which consisted of 399 men with
syphilis and 201 men... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the healthcare workers such as doctors strongly believed that there was a
racial difference in the symptoms of diseases. The white doctors often thought that
African Americans contracted syphilis because of their ever increasing low
standards of sexual morality (24). The participants had to be men about twenty
five years of age with syphilis who had not been treated for the disease. It was quite
simple to gather a group of people in Macon County because it was a poor
community with bad hygiene. Many men who participated in this study have
never seen a doctor in their life which willingly made them to be part of this study.
The African Americans did not know about the healthcare terms and were taken
advantage of by white doctors who contributed to this study. In fact, the doctors
had no intention in helping the participants to be cured from syphilis. Syphilis is a
disease that is sexually transmitted that can cause serious difficulties such as death
if it is not treated. If you treat it with penicillin, it is simple to cure. There are three
stages of this disease. The first stage is the primary stage; during this stage a
person may notice a single sore or a couple and it is usually painless. During the
second stage people start to get rashes or sores in different areas such as the mouth,
vagina, or anus. The Latent and Late Stages starts to settle in when all of the
symptoms that a person had

Minimum Legal Drinking Age
In all 50 states the minimum legal drinking age is 21 and has been since after the
Vietnam War ( Addressing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in College
Communities ). During the Vietnam War, arguments spread about how the legal
drinking age should correspond with the draft age of 18 ( Addressing the Minimum
Legal Drinking Agein College Communities ). After reports of drunk driving
accidents and deaths with younger ages, President Ronald Reagan issued to have
the MLDA raised to 21 years old ( Addressing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in
College Communities ). In 1984, 23 states had minimum alcohol purchasing ages of
21 year old, and on July 17th of that year, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation
to withhold federal highway funds from the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When you become an adult you can vote, join the military, jury duty, sign
contracts, marry, apply for loans, make decisions regarding medical treatments,
and be prosecuted as an adult ( Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered From 21 to a
Younger Age? ). Adults have the right to make their own decisions, and there are
many arguments on why 18 year olds should be able to consume alcohol legally. In
other countries like Europe with an MLDA of 18, there are fewer drunk driving
traffic accidents and fatalities than an MLDA of 21 in America ( Should the
Drinking Age Be Lowered From 21 to a Younger Age? ). Many argue that the
government and the police should worry more about every legal person s alcohol
consumption instead of just underaged

Case Study Of Crowe V.
The case study of Crowe v. Provost, 374 S. W. 2d. 645 (Tenn. 1963), was a highly
anticipated court case for the 1960 s. The following list pertaining to the example of
what went wrong and by whom. The first patient appointment opens a file with the
patient s basic information and any allergies including medication(s). This would
typically be done with the receptionist. If this was not the doctor s first time seeing
this patient, then the physicianshould have checked the chart to see if there were any
allergies to anything including medication, such as, Penicillin and Cosa Terrabon.
Referring to the Crowe vs. Provost, the child was then rushed back into the doctor s
office with worsening symptoms, the nurse should have listened to the mother. The
nurse, could have instructed the mother to take the worsening child to the nearest
Emergency Department. The nurse advising the doctor, That she thought the child
was about the same as when the physician saw him earlier in the day (Flight, M.,
2011, page 5 6) was not a good idea. The doctor could have been brought in for an
examination of the ailing patient. The receptionist returning from her lunch should
not have been a signal for the nurse to leave for any reason with the patient getting
worse. Again, the patient and mother should have been instructed to go to the nearest
emergency room. The receptionist should not have been left alone with an ailing
patient. Mistakenly, the receptionist calling the doctor first and

The Major Impacts Of Natural Disasters In Turkey
Turkey faces numerous natural disasters a year. The top three are earthquakes,
floods, and landslides. Earthquakes have cost the economy over a billion dollars in
the past decade. 66% of the country is located in active fault zones. On average,
950 die from earthquakes each year, and this is the 3rd highest rate in the world.
Around 15% of the total disaster losses are caused by floods, and around 16% of
total disaster losses are caused by landslides. Since there are so many natural
disasters, an emergency project is created to help deal with these disasters. The
Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project (ISMEP),
was created over 10 years ago. Some of their goals include strengthening the
capacity of emergency management and enhancing the development laws and
building codes, so buildings are not as likely to be destroyed and people will be
safer. Additionally, there are disaster management centers. On the European side of
Turkey, HASDAL is there to provide security and safety for residents affected. The
counterpart on the Asian side of Turkey is known as FSM KOZYATAGI. These
centers are vital assets for the country in times of natural disaster (Erdurmus, n.d.).
These natural disasters can have major impacts on the supply chain and can cause
Turkey to lose millions in trade. For example, if a flood ruins the ports and
surrounding areas, the goods cannot be received or sent from other countries. Since
Turkey depends on their ports, this could be

Elite Theory To Influence The Government
Elite theory is the belief that a wealthy elite runs the country. An elite is anyone who
falls into the top ten percentile of the nation s wealth. They are the wealthiest people
in the country. The economic elite consists of the same people as the political elite,
wealth equals power. In the article The growing wealth and clout at the top , it
expresses that the economic elite, the richest ten percent, hold a huge percentage of
the nation s wealth and in owning this large percentage it gives them the power to
manipulate or influence the government. The majority of the members of the elite do
not occupy government positions themselves, but rather depend on elected and
appointed officials to do their work for them. In the 2012 election cycle

Child Labour At The British Industrial Revolution
This book examines the explanations for child labour in an economic context. A
model of the labour market for children is constructed using the new economics of
the family; framework to derive the supply of child labour and the traditional labour
theory of marginal productivity to derive the demand for child labour. The model
placed into a historical context and used to test the existing supply and demand
induced explanations growing in child labour at the British Industrial Revolution.
Evidence on the extent of children s employment, their specific tasks and trends in
their wages from the textile industry and mining industry used to support the
argument that it was technological innovation, which created a demand for child
labour. Certain

The Root Causes Of Mass Immigration In California
The decision to shift into mass production was one that was spurred on my
industrialization and a wider demand for the product. Not only were jeans easier to
make in the factory, they were created more efficiently and in bigger volumes. With
the wave of mass immigration, came a significantly larger working class who all
needed work wear that could withstand the job s demands. Ultimately the decision to
mass produce was an economic and practical one.
Only decades after, the movement of mass proportions was propelled by the
discovery of gold in California territory. As such, it ended with the inundation of
this region by a wave of largely unwelcome immigrants from all outside corners.
Immigrants like Strauss and Davis sought to cater to the needs and tastes of a more
diversified populace. Even today, San Francisco has a minority majority population,
with a Caucasian ratio of less than half. This facilitation of diversity makes California
a distinctive region. Out of which came Levi Strauss jeans, an object of American
iconography with an enduring longevity.
A flood of diversity experienced at this time compares early California to the biblical
Babel. Population growth was so staggering that the availability of gold nuggets
scattering the countryside to people of all stations purported a mass immigration that
instantaneously grew by tens of thousands, eventually reaching hundreds of
thousands. Racism and prejudice are root causes of immigrants heading west. Just as
miners

Steps Of Decision Making Process
EXECUTIVE SUMARY 1.INTRODUCTION 2.FIVE STEPS OF DECISION
MAKING PROCESS Schiffman et al. (2011, pp. 460 481) maintain five steps of
decision making process which are: 1.Need recognition 2.Information search
3.Evaluation of alternative 4.Purchase decision 5.Post purchase evaluation These
five steps would be applied to describe the interviewee s decision making process:
1.Need recognition The interviewee recognized his need when his old printer
started to malfunction a lot . It is time consuming to constantly fix it and replace
things. He recognized it is time to get something new. He stated the printer mostly
just for printing and scanning but what he wanted is a multi functional printer.
2.Information search The interviewee did not have a specific band choice set
before arriving at the office store. He comes to an office works store to see what
brands they have and saw a huge package of HP printer placed right in the front of
the entrance with a special deal of 30% off the retail price. When he had seen that,
he wanted to have the deal. He then examined the price of the printer from other
stores and do more research on the internet when he got home. The interviewee
prefer searching for the type ( functionality ) of the printer first and then for the
price when he use search engines. His references are consumer reviews on online
blog sites and Amazon site, commercial Web sites as well as printer tests on PC
magazine sites. The interviewee marked the relative

Kikuchiyo Research Paper
Synopsis
In 16th century Japan, a group of cowardly farmers are fed up with a group of
bandits repeatedly pillaging their crops, taking their women, and destroying their
property. In a frantic last attempt to save their people from starvation and their village
from total annihilation, a small group of farmers enter into town seeking out a Ronin
to fight off the bandits. They end up with more than they bargained for, 7 samurai!
One Ronin, Kambei, falls in their laps during a hostage situation. Kambei dresses as
a monk in order to enter the building and rescue the hostage. Impressed by his
bravery, a young samurai named KatsushirЕЌ approaches Kambei, requesting to
become his disciple. Kambei later, once introduced to the farmers plea, agrees to help
out and soon recruits an old friend ShichirЕЌji. Soon they recruit 3 more: a friendly
Ronin named Gorobei, a Ronin named Heihachi, who is recruited to uplift the spirits
of the farmers and Ronin, and a master swordsman Ronin named KyЕ«zЕЌ, is
recruited after an intense duel.
The last Ronin to be recruited isn t actually recruited. His name is Kikuchiyo, a loud
drunk and a cocky wannabe samurai who joins because, despite the attempt of the 6
samurai to drive him away, follows them back to the farmer s village. The 7 Ronin
then train the villagers, becoming somewhat like family, and help them rise ... Show
The genre is that of historical fiction with underlying themes of: duty versus
inclination, light and shadow, male friendship, and the underdog. Kurosawa s films
would later inspire the war, heist, and caper genres we still see in films today. His
work also inspired Star Wars and spaghetti westerns (the film A Fistful of Dollars is
basically the Americanized remake of Kurosawa s film YoJimo). We aren t talking
about some unknown, artsy director here; Kurosawa is regarded as one of the most
significant, far reaching, paramount filmmakers in the history of

Literature Review Of Total Quality Management In Toyota
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Literature Review
Introduction:
Total Quality Management (TQM) involves developing quality and execution of
product and service of a company. Customer relish is the main purpose which
generates customer attention and satisfies customer expectation. So, it can be said
that concentrating on customer fulfillment, total quality management manages
peoples and business processes. In other words, Total Quality Management includes
performance, appearance, easy accessibility, delivery and maintenance or after sales
service, cost efficiency and value. Total Quality Management takes consider each and
every measures taken at all levels and involving the entire company workforce.
According to Ahire et al., ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These measurements are consider to obtain the good quality of the product or service.
Case Study on the Automobile Industries:
TOYOTA
пѓ A multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2010,
Toyota Motor Corporation employed 317,734 people worldwide. TMC is the world s
largest automobile manufacturer by sales and production.
Toyota Corporation involves:
пѓ 5S
пѓ Six Sigma
пѓ JIT
пѓ Kaizen
пѓ Lean manufacturing
Total Quality Management in Toyota:
Total quality implies quality of the product or a service produced by a company.
TQM involves the entire organization, from the most junior employee to the CEO. In
particular, TQM provides management with the ability to ensure quality through more
effective improvement channels
for all stakeholders
at all times
for all customers
for all vendors
TQM encloses
Quality of design
Quality of input materials
Quality of processing
Quality of performance
Quality due to product support
Deming

The Congo-Kinshasa
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, or also known as the Congo Kinshasa, is the
second poorest country in the world, and the poorest in Africa as of 2015. It is also
one of the largest countries in Africa, and as a result of the generous population, the
country is poverty stricken. The Congo has beautiful traditions, cultures, and art that
is known and appreciated around the world. Though, also struggles with a mixture of
awful health, financial system, and unemployment problems. The Democratic
Republic of the Congohas a very interesting history. The country has a populationof
67.5 million people, and the capitol is Kinshasa, which has a population of 10.4
million people. The Congo s many ethnic groups help to create a wide variety... Show
The healthcare in this country is on it s last limb and can t function. The government
wants to help the public but the whole financial system is failing, and trying to help
everyone isn t realistic. The government has tried to reach out and help the
community however the outcome only backfires when everyone isn t treated
equally because of the mass population they have. Many people are saying the
Democratic Republic of the Congo is already a dead country. In the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, the weather is very average year round. The annual
temperature is 70Вє 95Вє all year round. In the summer it can accede 100Вє, but the
temperature is mainly around 95Вє. The Congo doesn t get much rain anytime of the
year. In conclusion, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a beautiful country
with great potential, although it just has problems that are almost impossible to
recover from. The traditions, arts, cultures and backgrounds that they own are one of
a kind. However knowing how impoverished they are right now, they can t regain
what they

Poetry Analysis Of Natasha Trethewey s Native Guard
Natasha Trethewey is the southern born daughter of an African American mother
and white father at a time when such relations were illegal. Her parents were
married in Canada and lived for a time in California, but the pull of the south
brought them home. Yet, racism reared its ugly head and the couple divorced, but
not before molding a daughter who would later go on to be named Poet Laureate of
the United States. Today, Trethewey is a professor of creative writing at Emory
University. Her poetrycollection Native Guard which speaks of the history of life in
the south won the Pulitzer Prizefor poetry in 2007 and is indeed a powerful collection.
Native Guard is Trethewey s third book of poetry; first published in 2006, it won
the Pulitzer for poetry in 2007. The book s about the history of the South, of race
and racism, of war and peace. The eponymous Native Guard, founded in 1862, was
the first African American regiment in the Union Army. One job assigned to this unit
was guarding the prison of war camp at Fort Massachusetts on Ship Island,
Mississippi. The crown sonnet sequence of ten sonnets that makes up Native Guard
tells the history of the guard from 1862 1865. Each poem is titled with a date, and
begins with a revision of the line that ended the sonnet preceding it. The first poem
in the sequence begins with the end of the last poem, so it is a crown of connected
sonnets. Her revisions of lines are intense, clever and beautiful. For example, here is
the ending of

How Does Toni Morrison Use Racism In Beloved
Racism s Restriction on Relationships in Beloved
Humans have a natural thirst for domination. This thirst leads to majorities ousting
minorities, and therefore to sexism, homophobia, and, the major theme of Beloved
by Toni Morrison, racism. The novel is set in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1873 and is based
on the true story of Margaret Garner, who murdered her infant daughter in order to
keep the child out of slavery. Much of the African American and abolitionist
community condoned this decision because they saw it as a method of revealing the
cruelty of slavery and the effect it had (Sale 44). Morrison, as a woman of African
descent, wanted to express her opinion on these events. Through reading the novel,
one discovers that she did not agree with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She used the symbolism of boxes representing hidden pasts to express that handling
the past, specifically when it relates to racism, makes present relationships easier.
Certain characters experience racism and have bad relationships while others make
sense of or do not have experiences with racism and have successful relationships.
This leads the reader to associate racism with unhealthy relationships, which furthers
the theme effectively. Morrison used Beloved as the physical symbol of Sethe s
dark past in order to express that a past that includes racial discrimination can affect
a person extremely negatively. The novel exudes the struggle between letting oneself
sink into a hateful mindset or pushing oneself to live life advocating love. [Beloved]
may also be the injunction with which Morrison wishes to leave [the readers]: be
loved (Beaulieu 16). Morrison ends it by telling the reader, [this] is not a story to pass
on (316), likely because she wrote the tragic story not with the intention of spreading
the hateful events, but intending to encourage the reader to pass on positivity.
Maintaining love and positivity in society is nearly impossible because of the past
and continuing arguments people have between them, including the arguments of
discrimination and

The Benefits Of Becoming A Veterinarian
From a very young, becoming a veterinarian has been a dream of mine. The love of
animals coupled with the thought of helping those animals through suffering and
having the opportunity to actually save one s life has been a motivator for the
future. A veterinarian changes an animal s life in more ways than one. They care for
the health of animals. Veterinarians are also able to diagnose, treat, and research
medical conditions and diseases of not just pets but also livestock and wildlife (
Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). It goes beyond the annual vaccinations.
Veterinarians examine animals to diagnose their health problems. These problems can
include anything from arthritis to cancer. Once they are able to diagnose the animals
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A lot of their time is spent at farms and ranches treating the illnesses and injuries of
the animal. They also test for and vaccinate against diseases. A food animal
veterinarian, like a companion veterinarian and equine veterinarian, have to advise
the animal owner or manager about the feeding, housing, and general health practices
of their animals ( Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).
A food safety and inspection veterinarian designs and administers animal health
programs to prevent and control diseases that can happen between animals and
people. In order to do so, they inspect livestock and animal products for major animal
diseases. These veterinarians also conduct research to improve animal health and can
work for the government in order to enforce food safety regulations ( Summary U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics).
There are research veterinarians who work in laboratories. They lead clinical research
on human and animals health problems. Food safety and inspection veterinarians also
conduct tests to identify the effects of drug therapies on animals. These veterinarians
also test new techniques for surgeries ( Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor

Death by Driving Drunk
In todays world, one of the leading causes of death during driving is drunk driving.
Drunk driving not only puts you in danger but everyone around you in danger. There
are many ways that alcohol affects you that makes you drive very bad. To help stop
this, The police have made many laws regarding drunk driving and have made many
arrests regarding driving under the influence. There are also many stories out there
that make us wonder about the dangers and risks of drunk driving. Theres also many
laws and reforms being proposed to stop people from drunk driving. Alcohol
affects your body and your driving skills very much. Alcohol is a depressant so it
slows down your system. This includes your brain. Slowing down your brain causes
the driver to get distracted easily and can quickly change their mood. Drinking also
weakens your immune system increasing your chances of getting ammonia.
Drinking too much can also make you get cancer in places like the mouth or throat.
Drinking a lot could also result in liver failures and increased chances of heart
attacks. The more you drink, the more lethal the heart attack could be (unknown
name1). Alcohol is a depressant. That means that it slows down your reflexes and
makes it take longer to react to situations. Drinking affects the three parts of the
brain. These parts are called the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the medulla. The
cerebrum controls reasoning, voice, or recognition. This is why drunk drivers often
drive aggressively since

Nicotine Essay
Nicotine
Cigarette smoking has been known for years to impair health of smokers and
nonsmokers exposed to smoke in various ways such as by damaging the lungs and
circulatory system. Nicotine, present in mainstream and sidestream smoke, is
believed to be one of the most toxic components of tobacco. In 1994, David Kessler,
commissioner of the FDA, launched an attack on tobacco companies, claiming they
deliberately increased nicotine levels in cigarettes. Nicotine has been shown in
various experiments to induce tolerance in smokers by its effects on the CNS and
dopaminergic receptors. David Kessler believes nicotine to be addictive and desires
the FDA to regulate nicotine as any drug such as cocaine. If the agency can prove that
nicotine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cleavage of the 2 N or 5 bond yields NNK. These nitrosamines are among the most
toxic and are present in both mainstream and sidestream smoke. (F2) They are
converted to unstable electrophiles that react with DNA to form mutations which can
lead to cancer. More than 300 nitrosamines have been shown to be carcinogenic in
one or more of 40 animal species. (F3) It has been shown that a smoker has a greater
chance of endogenously forming nitrosamines than a nonsmoker. (F4)
ADDICTIVE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE AND TOLERANCE TO NICOTINE
There is much experimental evidence that nicotine is an addictive drug and that it
causes a level of tolerance in lab animals and humans, through its effect on the
CNS. For a drug to produce dependence, it must rapidly enter in to the blood steam,
must be psychoactive, must readily cross the blood brain barrier and the
psychosomatic effects must be related to levels of drug in the brain. All of the
above is true for nicotine. Tolerance is when, after repeated doses, a given dose of a

Black Death Essay. The Black Death - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com

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Black Death Essay. The Black Death - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com