ertainly! The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a remarkable ancient civilization that flourished from approximately 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Let’s delve into some key aspects of this fascinating civilization:
2. Indus valley civilization
( 2500 BC — 1750 BC)
One of the earliest civilizations of the world.
Mesopotamia( Tigris and Euphrates)
China( Hwang ho)
Egypt( Nile)
IVC( INDUS)
3. Harappan civilization — first excavated city – Harappa
Saraswati – Sindhu civilization — most of the sites have been found at Halkara
Ghaggar river.
SirJohn Marshal— played a crucial role in both of these.
First European to discover ß document the ruins of harappa — Charles Masson.
Harappa R.B. Dayaram
Sahni
Ravi 1921
Mohenjodaro R.D. Banerjee Indus 1922
4. Part of proto History
Belongs to the Bronze Age ( Meatal Age)
More than 100 sites have been excavated.
Copper,Bronze,Silver , Gold — Known.
. Iron was not.
6. Covered by parts of Pb, Sindh,Gj,Rj,Up
Major sites in pakistan : Harappa
Mohenjodaro
Chanhu- Daro
India : Lothal(GJ)
Rangpur(GJ)
Surkotada(GJ)
Kalibanga( RJ)
Banawali( HR)
Alamgirpur( UP)
7. Afganistan — Mundigak, Shortughai.
Largest Harappan site ( overall) — Rakhigarhi
Mohenjodaro
Harappa
8. Agriculture
Sowed seeds – November
Reaped their harvests – April
Grew wheat , barely, mustard.
Rice — Lothal( GJ)
9. The indus people were the first to produce cotton.
Kalibangan — Fields were ploughed with wooden plough
Produced sufficient to feed themselves.
. Foodgrains were stored in granaries.
Domesticated animals on large scale — Cats, Dogs,
Horse was not in regular use.
Elephant( ✓)
Remains of Horse — Surkotada(GJ)
Dogs with men in grave — Ropar.
10. Backbone of the civilization
Soil was fertile due to the flooding caused by river Indus.
Mohenjadaro — A fragment of woven cloth was found.
Sugarcane was not known.
Dholavira — Dams ß irrigation.
Camel Bones — Kalibangan
Romains of Horse — Surkotada.
11. Trade ß commerce
Well knit external ß Internal trade.
No metallic money.
Trade was done through – Barter system.
Coins(×)
Bullock carts, Boats — used for transportation.
12.
13. Bead making factory — chanhudaro ß Lothal.
( Items of export)
Dockyard — Lothal
. Steatile stone
Every merchantile family — seal = Emblem+ name
. Religious character. For description
primary pose to mark the ownership.
14. Mesopotamia records — Trade — Meluha ( Ancient name of IVC)
Also traded with sumer ( modern s.Iraq.)
Town associated with different Industries:
Daimabad. : Bronze industry
Lothal. : Stone tools factory
Balakot. : pearl, bangle ß shell Industry
Chanhudaro. : Beads, bangle Industry.
