Include all the events that occur during 1940 to 1947

1. PAKISTAN MOVEMENT 1940-
1947
GROUP MEMBERS :
ROLL NO.16 NOOR US SAMA
ROLL NO.19 SADIA JAVED
ROLL NO.21 SANA RAHAT
SUBMITTED TO. DR.UZMA DAYAN

2. CONTENTS
 FAMOUS PERSONALITIES
 PAKISTAN RESOLUTION
 BRITAIN’S AUGUST OFFER
 CRIPPS MISSION
 QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
 RAJAGOPALACHARI
FORMULA AND GANDHI
JINNAH TALKS
 LIAUAT--- DESAI PACT
 JINNAH KHIZER RIFT
 WAVELL PLAN AND THE
CONFERENCE
 GENERAL ELECTIONS

3. FAMOUS PERSONALITIES
 Lady Abdullah Haroon
 Raja of Mahmudabad
 Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan
 Nawab Bahadur Yar Jang
 Sir Abdullah Haroon
 Begum Tasadduque Hussain
 Sardar Aurangzeb Khan
 A. K. Fazl-ul-Haq
 Begum Shaista Ikramullah
 Lady Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
 Begum Viqar-un-Nisa
 Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan
 Maulana Hasrat Mohani
 Faqir of Ippi
 Quaid –e- Azam
 Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah
 Begum Shah Nawaz
 Liaquat Ali Khan… and many more

4. PAKISTAN RESOLUTION 1940

5. PAKISTAN RESOLUTION
INTRODUCTION
LAHORE RESOLUTION which is famous as the
RESOLUTION of PAKISTAN which was passed on 23rd
MARCH, 1940.in the MINTO PARK which now a days
known as IQBAL PARK of LAHORE.
In Urdu the Lahore Resolution is known as QARARDAD-E-
LAHORE and PAKISTAN Resolution is known as the
QARARDAD-E-PAKISTAN.
PRESENTED
the Resolution was presented by MAULVI A.K(ABDUL
KASIM) FAZL-UL-HAQ on the instructions of the working
committee at MINTO PARK in Lahore. On the last day of
session almost 0.1 million MUSLIMS were present. He was
a prominent Bengali MUSLIM LEAGUER.

6. TWO MAIN DEMANDS
It was important to note here that through Pakistan
Resolution ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE mainly put forward
the following two demands;
 BIFURCATION of the India in to two entities namely HINDU
INDIA and MUSLIM INDIA.
 CREATION of INDEPENDENT and SOVERIGN MUSLIM
STATES in the NORTH EASTERN and NORTH WESTERN
zones of the India.
QUAID-E-AZAM TALK TO HIS SECRETARY
After the passage of the resolution ,Quaid-e-Azam while
talking to his secretary MATALUB-UL-HASSAN said:
“ajj agar IQBAL zinda hoty nihayat hi khush hoty qk un
ki jo khwahishat ti hm nai poori kr di.”
On the foolowing day i-e MARCH 24,1940. the working
committee of ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE’ in its meeting
formally approved the RESOLUTION.

7. BRITISH OFFER OF AUGUST 1940

8. BRITISH OFFER OF AUGUST 1940
INTRODUCTION
On August 8, 1940 the British Government issued a White Paper
that after the war a constituent assembly would be formed in India.
The August Offer showed a clear change in the approach of the
British towards the constitutional problems of India.
 For the first time it promised the formation of a Constituent
Assembly for Indian representatives.
 It was also said that in the proposed assembly the rights of all
the minorities especially the Muslims would be safeguarded.
 Moreover it removed the fear of the Muslims that the
Government would surrender to the demands of the Congress.
 However, it was made clear that such a development could only
take place if all parties and communities in India would
cooperate with the British Government during the war.

9. VIEW OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
 The All India Muslim League Working Committee discussed the
August Offer on September 1.
 The session was presided over by Quaid-i-Azam.
 The Committee expressed satisfaction about the offer.
 The Viceroy and Secretary of State had talked about the ‘national
unity’ in their speeches.
 The Working Committee stated that through out the history
‘national unity’ had been non-existant in India.
 So such remarks must be avoided as they gave birth to doubts and
confusions.
 The Muslim League Committee declared that the partition of India
was the only solution to the problems of the country.

10. REACTION OF CONGRESS
• The Congress reacted against the August Offer and its President Abul
Kalam Azad refused to hold talks with British Government on this
issue.
• They completely rejected it and alleged (said to have happened but
not yet proven)the Government for not being sincere to the cause of
Indian independence.
• It was also added that the Government was using the minority issue
for delaying the independence of India.
CONCLUSION
• Although the August Offer could not produce any practical or
immediate results but in the long run it was a considerable gain for
the Muslims.
• It showed that in future the satisfaction of the Muslims would be
sought in any constitutional arrangement.
• The conduct of Congress in political bargaining and their attitude
towards the Muslims helped a lot in convincing the Government that
it would not be advisable to leave the fate of the minorities in the
hands of the Congress leaders.

11. CRIPPS MISSION

12. CRIPPS MISSION
INTRODUCTION
 The British government wanted to get the cooperation of the
Indian people in order to deal with the war situation.
 The divergence between the two major representative parties
of the country harassed the British government.
 It found it difficult to make the war a success without the
cooperation of both the Hindus and the Muslims.
PROPSED BY
On March 22, 1942, British PRIME MINISTER SIR WINSTON
CHURCHILL sent Sir Stafford Cripps leader of the house of
COMMONS with constitutional proposals.

13. PROPOSALS
The important points of the declaration were as follows:
 General elections in the provinces would be arranged as soon as
the war ended.
 A new Indian dominion, associated with the United Kingdom
would be created.
 Those provinces not joining the dominion could form their own
separate union.
 Minorities were to be protected.
CONCLUSION
However, both the Congress and the Muslim League
rejected these proposals. Jinnah opposed the plan, as it
did not concede Pakistan. Thus the plan came to
nothing.

14. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

15. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
INTRODUCTION
 The All India Congress Committee passed its ‘Quit India’
resolution on August 8, 1942.
 The demand was to declare India immediately as an
independent country.
 Then a provisional government would be formed with the
cooperation of the major parties whose primary duty
would be defence of India and resistance against
aggression.
 The provisional government would also form a
constituent assembly for preparing the Constitution for
the federation in which the units would enjoy largest
measure of autonomy.

16. CONGRESS DECLARED AND UNLAWFUL
BODY
 On August 9 all Congress leaders were arrested and Congress was
declared an unlawful body all over India.
 As a result violence broke out in all Hindu majority provinces.
Railway stations were burnt, telegraph wires were cut, post offices
were looted and hundreds of people were killed before the order
was restored.
 The Indian Nationalist condemned Ghandhi for his action.
 Bhai Permanand the vice president of Hindu Mahasbha criticized the
‘Quit India’ scheme and on August 10, Savarker the President of
Hindu Mahasbha asked his followers to stop supporting the
Congress campaign.
 The Working Committee of Majlis-i-Ahrar said that such type of
movement was unnecessary and inadvisable at the present critical
situation.

17. RAJAGOPALACHARI FORMULA AND
GANDHI-JINNAH TALKS 1944

18. RAJAGOPALACHARI FORMULA
INTRODUCTION
The Sind Observer reports Gandhi's acceptance to the C. R. Formula
 C. Rajagopalachari's formula (or C. R. formula or Rajaji formula) was a
proposal formulated by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari to solve the political
deadlock between the All India Muslim League and the Indian National
Congress on the independence of British India.
 The League's position was that the Muslims and Hindus of British India were
of two separate nations and hence the Muslims had the right to their own
nation.
 The Congress, which included both Hindu and Muslim members, was
opposed to the idea of partitioning India. With the advent of the Second
World War the British administration required both parties to agree so that
Indian help could be sought for the war effort.
 C. Rajagopalachari, a Congress leader from Madras, devised a proposal for
the Congress to offer the League, the predominantly Muslim region that
became Pakistan based on a plebiscite of all the people in those regions
where Muslims were in the majority.
 Although the formula was opposed, even within the Congress
party, Gandhi used it as the basis of his proposal in talks with Jinnah in 1944.
However, Jinnah rejected the proposal and the talks failed.

19. GANDHI VIEW
INTRODUCTION
 The Gandhi-Jinnah Talks have eminent significance with regard to the
political problems of India and the Pakistan Movement.
 The talks between the two great leaders of the Sub-continent began in
response to the general public’s desire for a settlement of Hindu-Muslim
differences.
 On July 17, 1944, Gandhi wrote a letter to Quaid-i-Azam in which he expressed
his desire to meet him.
 Quaid-i-Azam asked the Muslim League for permission for this meeting. The
League readily acquiesced.
 The Gandhi-Jinnah talks began in Bombay on September 19, 1944, and
lasted till the 24th of the month.
 The talks were held directly and via correspondence. Gandhi told Quaid-i-
Azam that he had come in his personal capacity and was representing neither
the Hindus nor the Congress.

20. QUAID-E-AZAAM VIEW
 Quaid-i-Azaam painstakingly explained the basis of the
demand of Pakistan.
 “We maintain”, he wrote to Gandhi, “that Muslims and
Hindus are two major nations by any definition or test of
a nation.
 We are a nation of a 100 million. We have our distinctive
outlook on life and of life.
 By all the cannons of international law, we are a nation”.
 He added that he was “convinced that the true welfare
not only of the Muslims but of the rest of India lies in the
division of India as proposed in the Lahore Resolution”.

21. GANDHI VIEW
o Gandhi’s real purpose behind these talks was to extract from Jinnah an
admission that the whole proposition of Pakistan was absurd.
o Gandhi on the other hand maintained that India was one nation and saw
in the Pakistan Resolution “Nothing but ruin for the whole of India”.
o “If, however, Pakistan had to be conceded, the areas in which the Muslims
are in an absolute majority should be demarcated by a commission
approved by both the Congress and the Muslim League.
o The wishes of the people of these areas will be obtained through
referendum.
o These areas shall form a separate state as soon as possible after India is
free from foreign domination.
o There shall be a treaty of separation which should also provide for the
efficient and satisfactory administration of foreign affairs, defense,
internal communication, custom and the like which must necessarily
continue to be the matters of common interest between the contracting
countries”.

22. CONCLUSION OF GANDHI-JINNAH TALKS
 This meant, in effect, that power over the whole of
India should first be transferred to Congress, which
thereafter would allow Muslim majority areas that
voted for separation to be constituted, not as
independent sovereign state but as part of an Indian
federation.
 Gandhi contended that his offer gave the substance of
the Lahore Resolution. Quaid-i-Azam did not agree to
the proposal and the talks ended.

23. DESAI LIAQUAT PACT

24. DESAI LIAQUAT PACT
INTRODUCTION
o M.K Gandhi convinced that the British rulers would not grant independence to India
unless and until the Congress and Muslim League reach some conclusion on the future
of the Country or the immediate formation of the Interim National Government.
o Hence, Gandhi directed Bhulabhai Jivanji Desai to make another attempt to appease
the league leaders and find a way out of the 1942-45 political deadlocks.
FORMATION OF INTERIM GOVERNMENT
Desai being the leader of the Congress in the Central Assembly and a friend of
Liaquat Ali (Leader of Muslim League), met him in January 1945 gave him
proposals for the formation of Interim Government at centre. After Desai’s
declaration, Liaquat Ali published the list of an agreement which given below:
• Nomination of equal number of persons by both in the Central Executive.
• Representation of the minorities in particular of the Schedule caste and the
Sikhs.
• The government was to be formed and was to function with the framework of
the existing Government of India Act, 1935.

25. CONCLUSION
M.K Gandhi’s attempt to resolve the political deadlock by
persuading Bhulabhai Jivanji Desai to make an attempt to
appease the league leaders, but the proposal were not
formally endorsed either by the Congress or the League.

26. JINNAH-KHIZER RIFT1944

27. INTRODUCTION
 Khizer Hayat Khan Tiwana was a great landlord of Punjab.
 After the death after the death of Sir Sikhandar Hayat Khan he becames
president of of the unionist party in 1942
JINNAH KHIZER RIFT
 In the background of JIINAH KHIZER RIFT one could see that KHIZER
HAYAT KHAN TIWANA like SIR SIKANDAR HAYAT’ was a member of
both the Unionist Party and of ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE because
dual membership was one of the salient features of Punjab politics
since JIINAH PACT OF 1973.
 After the QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT QUAID-E-AZAM’ President of ALL
INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE came to Lahore to look into the affairs of
Provincial Muslim League.
 Accordingly he being President of ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE , ordered
that MUSLIM LEAGUERS should be known as MUSLIM LEAGUERS only
and their coalition ministry should be named as MUSLIM LEAGUE
COALITION MINISTRY.

28. CONCLUSION
 KHIZER HAYAT KHAN declared this directive of the LEAGUE
president as a violation of the SIKANDAR-JINNAH PACT 1937.
 QUAID-E-AZAM overruled his objection.
 There was an unending rift between them because KHIZER
HAYAT KHAN refused to comply with the orders of the
president of ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE while taking
disciplinary action against TIWANA expelled him from ALL
INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE.

29. WAVELL PLAN AND SIMLA CONFERENCE

30. WAVELL PLAN AND THE SIMLA
CONFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
 In May 1945, Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India, went to London and
discussed his ideas about the future of India with the British
administration.
 The talks resulted in the formulation of a plan of action that was made
public in June 1945. The plan is known as Wavell Plan
PLAN SUGGESSTION
 The Plan suggested reconstitution of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in
which the Viceroy was to select persons nominated by the political
parties.
 Different communities were also to get their due share in the Council and
parity was reserved for Cast-Hindus and Muslims.
 While declaring the plan, the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs made it
clear that the British Government wanted to listen to the ideas of all
major Indian communities.
 Yet he said that it was only possible if the leadership of the leading Indian
political parties agreed with the suggestions of the British Government.

31. CALLING FOR THE CONFERENCE
 To discuss these proposals with the leadership of major Indian
parties, Wavell called for a conference at Simla on June 25, 1945.
Leaders of both the Congress and the Muslim League attended the
conference, which is known as the Simla Conference.
 However, differences arose between the leadership of the two
parties on the issue of representation of the Muslim community.
 The Muslim League claimed that it was the only representative
party of the Muslims in India and thus all the Muslim
representatives in the Viceroy’s Executive Council should be the
nominees of the party.
 Congress, which had sent Maulana Azad as the leader of their
delegation, tried to prove that their party represented all the
communities living in India and thus should be allowed to nominate
Muslim representative as well.
 Congress also opposed the idea of parity between the Cast-Hindus
and the Muslims. All this resulted in a deadlock.
 Finally, Wavell announced the failure of his efforts on July 14.
 Thus the Simla Conference couldn’t provide any hope of proceeding
further.

32. GENERAL ELECTIONS 1945-46

33. GENERAL ELECTIONS 1945-46
INTRODUCTION
 After the failure of Simla conference Lord Wavell announced
general and provincial elections after which constitutional making
body was to be set up.
 Viceroy announced the formation of executive council with the
support of both Muslims and Hindus parties.
 But both parties rejected the proposal. Quaid-i-Azam declared that
Muslims were not ready to accept any settlement less than a
separate homeland for them and the All India Congress Committee
characterized the proposal as vague, inadequate and
unsatisfactory because it had not addressed the issue of
independence. Despite this, both parties launched election
campaigns.
 Because they knew that the elections were essential for the future
of India, as the results were to play an important role in
determining their standing.

34. BOTH RAISED DIFFERENT SLOGAN
 The League wanted to sweep the Muslim constituencies so as to prove
that they were the sole representatives of the Muslims of India, while
on the other hand Congress wanted to prove that they represent all
Indians.
 Both parties raised different slogans during whole election campaign.
Congress tried to get support of all those parties who were against the
Muslim League.
CONCLUSION
 Elections for central legislature were held on December 1945 with the
limited franchise. During these elections Congress won about 80
percent of the general seats and 91.3 percent general votes and Muslim
League won all 30 reserved seats for Muslims.
 Provincial election held on 1946 results was not different. Muslim
League won 95 percent seats for Muslims and Congress won all seats
for non-Muslims.

35. REFERNCES
 http://storyofpakistan.com/event
s/the-pakistan-movement
 http://storyofpakistan.com/cripps
-mission
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._R
._formula
 http://storyofpakistan.com/gandh
i-jinnah-talks
 https://www.jagranjosh.com/gene
ral-knowledge/desai-liaquat-
proposals-ad-1945-1448691870-1
 http://storyofpakistan.com/wavell
-plan-and-simla-conference
 http://historypak.com/general-
elections-1945-46/