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School Health
     Programme
Prepared by:
SAgun PAudel            Participants:
Health Assistant        • Samjhana Gurung
Student of BPH @ LA
GRANDEE International   • Tika Thapa
college, Simalchour     • Jayanti Gurung
Pokhara, Nepal
First Aid


[पाथििक उपचार]
What is first aid?
First aid is defined as the emergency care
and treatment of injured person before
complete medical care and treatment can be
secured.

कु नै आकिििक घटना पिि र खास उपचार
उपलबध हनु पुवव ििरािीलाई जीवन रकाका
लािि र जिटलता कि िनवका लािि ततकालै
ििइने युििपुववक सहायता वा हरचारलाई
                             े
पाथििक उपचार भिननि।
Principle of first aid:
• to maintain circulatory volume of vital
organs eg. Brain, kidney, heart etc
• to maintain respiratory functions.
Aim of first aid
The key aims of first aid can be summarized
in three key points:
• Preserve life: the overriding aim of all
medical care, including first aid, is to save
lives.
• Prevent further harm/danger of further
injury:this covers both external factors, such
as moving a patient away from any cause of
harm, and applying first aid techniques to
prevent worsening of the condition.
such as applying pressure to stop a bleed
becoming dangerous.
• Promote recovery: first aid also involves
trying to start the recovery process from the
illness or injury, and in some cases might
involve completing a treatment, such as in
the case of applying a plaster to a small
wound
Conditions that often require
           first aid
• Altitude sickness
• Bone fracture & Joint dislocation
• Anaphylaxis
• Choking
• Heart attack & Cardiac Arrest
• Wounds and bleeding
• Poisoning
•Burns
How you will be a Good first
           Aider?
• िववेकी (observant)
• ववहारकु शल (tactful)
• युििपूणव (resourceful)
• िनपुण (dexterous
• िपषविा (explicit)
• िववेचक (discriminator)
• अधयवसायी (persevering)
•सहानुभूितयुि (sympathetic)
पाथििक उपचारले ििाव चोट/चोट िढने पििया
घटि र उपचारिा सहयोि पुगि। युििपुववक
पथािीक उपचार ििन नसके िा रोि/चोट जिटल
िने सकि। र किहलेकिह जयान सिेत जोिखििा
पनव सकि । तसथव पाथििक उपचार समििनध
जान सिैिा हनु जरिर ि।
• हामो जीवनिा जुनसुकै िेला जे पिन हन
सकि। ििनक जीवनिा हनसके सिियािा
       ै
ततकालै सकारातिक सहायता के हनसकि भने
आधारभूत जानकारी सिैलाई हनु पिव।

• जुनसुकै काि ििाव सिै वििले सचेतना
अपनाउनु पिव। िवववती, िालिािलका, वृद र
िाहो साहो काि िने वििहर लिायत सिैले
िवशेष धयान पुववक काि िनुव पिव।  
चोट-पटकको पाथििक उपचार:
• असुरिकत िथान िाट सुरिकत िथान िा जाने/
लाने।
• रित ििेको रोके पयास िने। जितै: कपडा वा
हात ले थुने। हात खुटा को चोट ि भने िुटु
भनिा िािथ उठाउने।
• िवदुतीय वितु सिको जोिखि रहकोे
अविथािा अचालक वितु जितै- ओभानो कपडा,
रवर आिि को पयोि िने।
• के िह वितु शरीर िभत िडेको ि भने ततकाल
नििके ।
•असर िने वितु सतहिै भएिा सफा पानीले
सफािने।
• हाड भाििएिा वा शंका लािेिा उि भाि
लाई नचलाउने, आराि िराउने।
• टाउको, घाटी वा ढाडका हाडिा असर परे िा
(वा परे को शंका लािेिा):
आराि राखे; घाटी-टाउको-ढाडलाई नचलाउने,
हििलन नििने। शानत वातावरण िा राखे।
तुरनतै निजकै को िवािथय संिथािा लैजाने ।
आवियक परे िा िवशेषज सुििधा पाइने ठाउिा
जाने / लागे 
रिशावको [bleeding]रोकथाि:
  िाह: िविभन चोट पटक वा कु नै रोिका
    कारण िाह रिशाव हन सकि।
 – सफा कपडाले वा हातले िथचने।
 – चोट हात वा खुटािा भएिा हात/खुटा लाई
   उिालने।
 – कु नै वितु िाडको भएिा नििके ।
                 े
 – िवािथयकिी वा िवािथय सुिवधा भएको ठाउिा
   िा जाने/लागे र उपयुि सेवा िलने।
िभित: िविभन आनतिरक रोि/सिियाका वा
 कु नै चोटपटक कारण आनतिरक रिशाव
              हनासकि।
 – िुख, नाक, कान, िुि -दार, योनी आिि िथान िाट
                      ्
   रित आएको भएिा सियिै िवािथय संिथा वा
   िवािथयकिीकोिा िइ आवियक परािशव र सेवा
   िलने।
पानीिा डु ि े ि ा [ drowning]

• डु िेको वििलाई सावधानीसाथ सुरिकत
तवरले िनकािने र सुरिकत िथानिा राखे।
• िवशेष ििर तािलि पाप विि वा सुरका
िनकायको सहयोि हनसके िा रामो हनि।
• उतानो सुताउने।
• नाक िुखिा के िह वितु भएिा हटाउने।
• िचउडो उठाउने।
• िवास फे नव सहज िनाउने।
• रामो िवास फे नव सके को िैन भने
‘िुखािुख’ तिरका वा ‘िािक वि’ को
पयोिले िवास फे राउने ।
• घािट वा ढाडिा चोट पटक भएिा (वा
भएको शंका लािेिा) हलचल निराउने।
• नयानो िनाउने।
• तुरनतै िवािथय संिथािा लागे।
िवष सेवन [poisoning]
थोरै िातािा सेवन ििाव/हिा पिन
हािन िनव सके सिै वितु लाई िवष
िािननि। िवष िििसएका वितुहर,
कितपय औषिध, संििित खानेकुरा, अनय
उपयोििा आउने वितुहर, िवषाि
वनिपित/जिडिुटी आिि पिन िवषयुि
हनसकि। िवषजनय वितु ठोस, तरल वा
गयास जे अविथािा पिन हनसकि।
• सावधानी साथ जोिखियुि िथानिाट
सुरिकत ठाउिा लगु/जानु पिव। सफा,
शानत, रामो सास फे नव सिकने िथानिा
राखु पिव।
• नाक िूखिाट िवासपिवास हन ििनु
पिव/सहज िनाउनु पिव।
•िािहरी अंििा पभािवत भएिा सफा
पानीले सफा िनुव पिव। िवषको असर
भएका कपडा हटाउनु पिव।
• तुरनतै सेवा पाइने िवािथय संिथािा लगु/जानु
पिव।
• िवष िवशेषको उपचार फरक फरक हनि।
• पाप भएसमि समभािवत िवष, िवषको भाडो/
कािजपत िवािथयकिी/िचिकतसक लाई ििनुपिव।
सपव क ो टोकाई [snake bite]
• नआििने, नअतयाउने, टोके को ठाउिा
सफा  पानीले सफा िने।
• टोके को ठाउँ भनिा के िह िािथ
रिालजितो वितुले िाधे, डाि िसे
ििर कसु हिन।ै
• सपवले टोके को ठाउिा काटने, चुसे
निने।
•सुििधा    युि     अिपताल/िवािथय
संिथािा तुरनत लगे/जाने।
ले क लािे ि ा [Altitude sickness]
  उि िहिाली भेििा जािा उचाइका कारण
यितो सििया हन सकि।
िवशेष ििर ििटोििटो ििर- जितै हवाइजहाज
िाट जािा। यो सििया उचाईिा िएको ६ ििख
                                   े
२४ घणटा िभत िखा पनव सकि।
              े
  उचाईिा अिकसजनको िात कि हने र शरीर
तयहाको वातावरणिा घुलििल भईनसकिाको
कारणले यितो हन सकि।
लकण [symptom]:
टाउको िखे, थकाई लागे, वानत आउन खोजनु,
        ु
वानत आउनु, खान िन नलागु, िरिटा लागु,
िननदा कि लागु, हात खुटा सुिननु आिि।
रोकथािका लािि उचाई िा जानु भनिा पिहला
रामो तयारी िनुव पिव।
िचिकसकको परािशव िलएर जानु रामो हनि। र
एकलै जानु भनिा सिुहिा जानु रामो हनि।
निजकै उपलबध हनसके िवािथय संिथा के के
िन् पिहियै जानकारी िलनु पिव।
लेक लािेिा कि उचाईिा िने पिहलो काि
हो। तयसपिि आराि िने।
अनय कु रा िवािथयकिी वा अनुभिव वििको
सिलाह ििोिजि िने।
रे ि िज भएको जनावरले टोके ि ा
      रे ििज एक् पाण घातक सििया हो।
      तसथव जोसुकै सचेत हनु पिव। िवशेष
      ििर संििित कु कु रले टोके िा रे ििज
      हने ििव । किहले किह अनय
      संििित जनावर र संििित िानिेको
      कारणले पिन रे ििज हनेििव। 
       संििित कु कु रले अिवभािवक लकण
      िखाउिन् र अनिाजी १० ििन
         े
      जितिा ििवन। 
कु कुर ले टोके ि ा [dog
           bite]
     घाउ भएको भािलाई सािुन  पानी
   वा सफा पानीले किमतिा पिन ५
   ििनेट समि सफा िने।
   • रित धेरै ििेिा सफा कपडाको
   टु िाले वा सफा हातले िठक
   िातिा िथचेर रित िग रोके ।
   • िटटानस िवरदको खोप िलने।
   •तुरनत िवािथय संिथािा िइ
   रे ििज िवरदको खोप र अनय
   आवियक उपचार िलने।
तातोले पोिनु /डडनु [burn]
आिो, तातो वितु, कु नै रसायन,
यनत आििको उि तापिि वा
रासायिनक िुणको कारण पोिने
वा डडने हन सकि। पोििा हिका
िाला ििख िभित अंि समििा
       े
आसार िरे को हन सकि ।
• खतरायुि िथानिा रहकालाई(ले) सावधानी
                       े
     पुववक सुरिकत िथानिा लगे(जाने)।
 • िवासपिवास िािव (नाक, िुख) खुला राखे।
 • िवासपिवास सहज हन ििने । सहज रि
संचार हन ििने।(यो कु रा सिैजसो अविथािा
आवियक नहनसकि तर पिन यो कु रा खयाल
           िनुव आवियक हनि।)
• पोलेको ठाउिा लिातार सफा
िचसो पानी हाली रहने।
• फोकाहर नफोने।
• िपउन सके िा पटक-पटक पानी
िपउने/िपलाउने।
• पभािवत विििा िपसाि कि
हन नििनुलाई रामो िािननि।
•जितसकिो चाडो िवािथय संिथािा
िइ आवियक उपचार िलनु पिव।
जीवन रकाको क ख ि/A B
C (िवासपिवास र रि सं च ार)
 सिै पाथििक उपचारिा यो कु रा खयाल िनुव
                   पिव।
 A- Airway िवास-पिवासको िाटो खुिला हनु
     पिव। नाक, िुख, िवास निल …आिि।
B- Breathingिवासपिवास ििया भईरहनु पिव।
C- Circulation रि संचार भईरहनु पिव। (िुटु
    धडकन र नाडी संचािलत ि वा िैन?)
Thankyou
First Aid

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First Aid

  • 1. School Health Programme Prepared by: SAgun PAudel Participants: Health Assistant • Samjhana Gurung Student of BPH @ LA GRANDEE International • Tika Thapa college, Simalchour • Jayanti Gurung Pokhara, Nepal
  • 3. What is first aid? First aid is defined as the emergency care and treatment of injured person before complete medical care and treatment can be secured. कु नै आकिििक घटना पिि र खास उपचार उपलबध हनु पुवव ििरािीलाई जीवन रकाका लािि र जिटलता कि िनवका लािि ततकालै ििइने युििपुववक सहायता वा हरचारलाई े पाथििक उपचार भिननि।
  • 4. Principle of first aid: • to maintain circulatory volume of vital organs eg. Brain, kidney, heart etc • to maintain respiratory functions.
  • 5. Aim of first aid The key aims of first aid can be summarized in three key points: • Preserve life: the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives. • Prevent further harm/danger of further injury:this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition.
  • 6. such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous. • Promote recovery: first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound
  • 7. Conditions that often require first aid • Altitude sickness • Bone fracture & Joint dislocation • Anaphylaxis • Choking • Heart attack & Cardiac Arrest • Wounds and bleeding • Poisoning •Burns
  • 8. How you will be a Good first Aider? • िववेकी (observant) • ववहारकु शल (tactful) • युििपूणव (resourceful) • िनपुण (dexterous • िपषविा (explicit) • िववेचक (discriminator) • अधयवसायी (persevering) •सहानुभूितयुि (sympathetic)
  • 9. पाथििक उपचारले ििाव चोट/चोट िढने पििया घटि र उपचारिा सहयोि पुगि। युििपुववक पथािीक उपचार ििन नसके िा रोि/चोट जिटल िने सकि। र किहलेकिह जयान सिेत जोिखििा पनव सकि । तसथव पाथििक उपचार समििनध जान सिैिा हनु जरिर ि।
  • 10. • हामो जीवनिा जुनसुकै िेला जे पिन हन सकि। ििनक जीवनिा हनसके सिियािा ै ततकालै सकारातिक सहायता के हनसकि भने आधारभूत जानकारी सिैलाई हनु पिव। • जुनसुकै काि ििाव सिै वििले सचेतना अपनाउनु पिव। िवववती, िालिािलका, वृद र िाहो साहो काि िने वििहर लिायत सिैले िवशेष धयान पुववक काि िनुव पिव।  
  • 11. चोट-पटकको पाथििक उपचार: • असुरिकत िथान िाट सुरिकत िथान िा जाने/ लाने। • रित ििेको रोके पयास िने। जितै: कपडा वा हात ले थुने। हात खुटा को चोट ि भने िुटु भनिा िािथ उठाउने। • िवदुतीय वितु सिको जोिखि रहकोे अविथािा अचालक वितु जितै- ओभानो कपडा, रवर आिि को पयोि िने। • के िह वितु शरीर िभत िडेको ि भने ततकाल नििके ।
  • 12. •असर िने वितु सतहिै भएिा सफा पानीले सफािने। • हाड भाििएिा वा शंका लािेिा उि भाि लाई नचलाउने, आराि िराउने। • टाउको, घाटी वा ढाडका हाडिा असर परे िा (वा परे को शंका लािेिा): आराि राखे; घाटी-टाउको-ढाडलाई नचलाउने, हििलन नििने। शानत वातावरण िा राखे। तुरनतै निजकै को िवािथय संिथािा लैजाने । आवियक परे िा िवशेषज सुििधा पाइने ठाउिा जाने / लागे 
  • 13. रिशावको [bleeding]रोकथाि: िाह: िविभन चोट पटक वा कु नै रोिका कारण िाह रिशाव हन सकि। – सफा कपडाले वा हातले िथचने। – चोट हात वा खुटािा भएिा हात/खुटा लाई उिालने। – कु नै वितु िाडको भएिा नििके । े – िवािथयकिी वा िवािथय सुिवधा भएको ठाउिा िा जाने/लागे र उपयुि सेवा िलने।
  • 14. िभित: िविभन आनतिरक रोि/सिियाका वा कु नै चोटपटक कारण आनतिरक रिशाव हनासकि। – िुख, नाक, कान, िुि -दार, योनी आिि िथान िाट ् रित आएको भएिा सियिै िवािथय संिथा वा िवािथयकिीकोिा िइ आवियक परािशव र सेवा िलने।
  • 15. पानीिा डु ि े ि ा [ drowning] • डु िेको वििलाई सावधानीसाथ सुरिकत तवरले िनकािने र सुरिकत िथानिा राखे। • िवशेष ििर तािलि पाप विि वा सुरका िनकायको सहयोि हनसके िा रामो हनि। • उतानो सुताउने। • नाक िुखिा के िह वितु भएिा हटाउने। • िचउडो उठाउने।
  • 16. • िवास फे नव सहज िनाउने। • रामो िवास फे नव सके को िैन भने ‘िुखािुख’ तिरका वा ‘िािक वि’ को पयोिले िवास फे राउने । • घािट वा ढाडिा चोट पटक भएिा (वा भएको शंका लािेिा) हलचल निराउने। • नयानो िनाउने। • तुरनतै िवािथय संिथािा लागे।
  • 17. िवष सेवन [poisoning] थोरै िातािा सेवन ििाव/हिा पिन हािन िनव सके सिै वितु लाई िवष िािननि। िवष िििसएका वितुहर, कितपय औषिध, संििित खानेकुरा, अनय उपयोििा आउने वितुहर, िवषाि वनिपित/जिडिुटी आिि पिन िवषयुि हनसकि। िवषजनय वितु ठोस, तरल वा गयास जे अविथािा पिन हनसकि।
  • 18. • सावधानी साथ जोिखियुि िथानिाट सुरिकत ठाउिा लगु/जानु पिव। सफा, शानत, रामो सास फे नव सिकने िथानिा राखु पिव। • नाक िूखिाट िवासपिवास हन ििनु पिव/सहज िनाउनु पिव। •िािहरी अंििा पभािवत भएिा सफा पानीले सफा िनुव पिव। िवषको असर भएका कपडा हटाउनु पिव।
  • 19. • तुरनतै सेवा पाइने िवािथय संिथािा लगु/जानु पिव। • िवष िवशेषको उपचार फरक फरक हनि। • पाप भएसमि समभािवत िवष, िवषको भाडो/ कािजपत िवािथयकिी/िचिकतसक लाई ििनुपिव।
  • 20. सपव क ो टोकाई [snake bite] • नआििने, नअतयाउने, टोके को ठाउिा सफा  पानीले सफा िने। • टोके को ठाउँ भनिा के िह िािथ रिालजितो वितुले िाधे, डाि िसे ििर कसु हिन।ै • सपवले टोके को ठाउिा काटने, चुसे निने। •सुििधा युि अिपताल/िवािथय संिथािा तुरनत लगे/जाने।
  • 21. ले क लािे ि ा [Altitude sickness] उि िहिाली भेििा जािा उचाइका कारण यितो सििया हन सकि। िवशेष ििर ििटोििटो ििर- जितै हवाइजहाज िाट जािा। यो सििया उचाईिा िएको ६ ििख े २४ घणटा िभत िखा पनव सकि। े उचाईिा अिकसजनको िात कि हने र शरीर तयहाको वातावरणिा घुलििल भईनसकिाको कारणले यितो हन सकि।
  • 22. लकण [symptom]: टाउको िखे, थकाई लागे, वानत आउन खोजनु, ु वानत आउनु, खान िन नलागु, िरिटा लागु, िननदा कि लागु, हात खुटा सुिननु आिि। रोकथािका लािि उचाई िा जानु भनिा पिहला रामो तयारी िनुव पिव।
  • 23. िचिकसकको परािशव िलएर जानु रामो हनि। र एकलै जानु भनिा सिुहिा जानु रामो हनि। निजकै उपलबध हनसके िवािथय संिथा के के िन् पिहियै जानकारी िलनु पिव। लेक लािेिा कि उचाईिा िने पिहलो काि हो। तयसपिि आराि िने। अनय कु रा िवािथयकिी वा अनुभिव वििको सिलाह ििोिजि िने।
  • 24. रे ि िज भएको जनावरले टोके ि ा रे ििज एक् पाण घातक सििया हो। तसथव जोसुकै सचेत हनु पिव। िवशेष ििर संििित कु कु रले टोके िा रे ििज हने ििव । किहले किह अनय संििित जनावर र संििित िानिेको कारणले पिन रे ििज हनेििव।   संििित कु कु रले अिवभािवक लकण िखाउिन् र अनिाजी १० ििन े जितिा ििवन। 
  • 25. कु कुर ले टोके ि ा [dog bite] घाउ भएको भािलाई सािुन पानी वा सफा पानीले किमतिा पिन ५ ििनेट समि सफा िने। • रित धेरै ििेिा सफा कपडाको टु िाले वा सफा हातले िठक िातिा िथचेर रित िग रोके । • िटटानस िवरदको खोप िलने। •तुरनत िवािथय संिथािा िइ रे ििज िवरदको खोप र अनय आवियक उपचार िलने।
  • 26. तातोले पोिनु /डडनु [burn] आिो, तातो वितु, कु नै रसायन, यनत आििको उि तापिि वा रासायिनक िुणको कारण पोिने वा डडने हन सकि। पोििा हिका िाला ििख िभित अंि समििा े आसार िरे को हन सकि ।
  • 27. • खतरायुि िथानिा रहकालाई(ले) सावधानी े पुववक सुरिकत िथानिा लगे(जाने)। • िवासपिवास िािव (नाक, िुख) खुला राखे। • िवासपिवास सहज हन ििने । सहज रि संचार हन ििने।(यो कु रा सिैजसो अविथािा आवियक नहनसकि तर पिन यो कु रा खयाल िनुव आवियक हनि।)
  • 28. • पोलेको ठाउिा लिातार सफा िचसो पानी हाली रहने। • फोकाहर नफोने। • िपउन सके िा पटक-पटक पानी िपउने/िपलाउने। • पभािवत विििा िपसाि कि हन नििनुलाई रामो िािननि। •जितसकिो चाडो िवािथय संिथािा िइ आवियक उपचार िलनु पिव।
  • 29. जीवन रकाको क ख ि/A B C (िवासपिवास र रि सं च ार) सिै पाथििक उपचारिा यो कु रा खयाल िनुव पिव। A- Airway िवास-पिवासको िाटो खुिला हनु पिव। नाक, िुख, िवास निल …आिि। B- Breathingिवासपिवास ििया भईरहनु पिव। C- Circulation रि संचार भईरहनु पिव। (िुटु धडकन र नाडी संचािलत ि वा िैन?)

Notas do Editor

  1. 05/11/12
  2. 05/11/12