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Introduction to
FIRE DETECTION &
ALARM SYSTEM
Presented by
Engr. Sabrul Jamil, PRINCE2
Manager, Fire Safety, Ezzy Automations Ltd, Bangladesh
Phone: +88 01617181910 eMail: jamil@sabrul.com
Website: www.sabrul.com
Objectives
NOT TO
 Basic Knowledge of FDA
 Inform Customer the System
 Understand DRAWING & BOM
 Prepare Design or Drawing
 Prepare BOQ (form Drawing)
2
Introduction
to FIRE
The Purpose of Fire Safety
Engineering & Detection System
DETECT FIRE
ALERT OCCUPANTS
EVACUATE THE
PREMISES
ALERT THE LOCAL
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Safety of life
Conservation of
property
Continuity of
operations
Protection of the
environment
4
Elements of Fire
Fire Triangle
Three elements a fire needs to
ignite:
1. HEAT,
2. FUEL,
3. OXYGEN
Can be prevented or
extinguished by removing any
one of the elements in the fire
triangle
5
Elements of Fire
Fire Diamond
Once a fire has started,
the resulting exothermic
chain reaction sustains
the fire and allows it to
continue until or unless
at least one of the
elements of the fire is
blocked.
6
Classes of fire
 Class A - fires involving solid materials such as
wood, paper or textiles.
 Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as
petrol, diesel or oils.
 Class C - fires involving gases.
 Class D - fires involving metals.
 Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.
(Technically ‘Class E’ doesn’t exists however this is
used for convenience here)
 Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in
deep-fat fryers.
7
Start
to produce
PoCs
Produces
visible
smoke
particles
Produces a
high
temperature
Graph of a Fire ConditionIncipient
Smoldering
Flame
HighHeat
Time->
Fire Detection Activation Sprinkler/Hydrant activation
8
The Stages of a Fire
1) Incipient
• Products of
Combustion particles
are produced (<0.3
microns).
• No visible smoke or
detectable heat.
• May occur for
milliseconds or days.
9
 Visible smoke particles
are produced (>0.3
microns).
 Little visible flame or
noticeable heat.
The Stages of a Fire
2) Smoldering:
10
• Rapid combustion
produces radiant
energy in the visible,
and invisible (IR, UV)
spectrums.
• Heat begins to buildup
at this stage
The Stages of a Fire
3) Flame:
11
Terminology
 FACP - Fire Alarm Control Panel.
 FACU - Fire Alarm Control Unit.
 FCC - Federal Communications Commission
 UL - Underwriters Laboratories
 NFPA - National Fire Protection Agency.
 AHJ, LAHJ - Authority Having Jurisdiction, Local
AHJ
 ADAAG - Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines.
 PoC - Products of Combustion
 LED - Light Emitting Diode
 IDC - Initiating Device Circuit
 NAC - Notification Appliance Circuit
 ELR, EOL - End of Line Resistor 12
Terminology
 NEC - National Electrical Code (NFPA 70)
 NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturing
Association
 EIA - Electronics Industry Association
 Cd - Candela
 dB, dBA - Decibels
 FWR - Full Wave Rectified
 ANSI - American National Standards Institute
 PIV - Post Indicator Valve
 OS&Y - Outside Stem and Yoke Valves
 SFPE - Society for Fire Protection Engineers
 Shall - Indicates a mandatory requirement
 Should - Indicates a recommendation or
advisement
13
Guidelines
 NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code
 NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm Code
 NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code
 National Electrical Code Handbook,
NFPA
 Life Safety Code Handbook, NFPA
 Fire Protection Handbook, NFPA
 Fire Alarm Signaling Systems, NFPA
14
 A global safety consulting
and certification company
 UL is one of several
companies approved to
perform safety testing by the
U.S. federal
agency Occupational Safety
and Health
Administration (OSHA).
What is “UL Listed”?
15
What is “FM Approved”?
 independent testing arm of
international insurance carrier,
FM Global.
 FM approvals uses scientific research
and testing to make sure products
conform to the highest standards for
safety and property loss prevention.
 Products that pass get the “FM
APPROVED” mark. Think of it as like
the Good Housekeeping seal of
approval, only better.
16
Overview of Fire
Detection and
Alarm System
The Origin of Fire Alarm
 Long ago, as an early method of spreading
the word of fire danger, people shouted
"Fire!"
 The Town Bell Or Other Noisemaker Was
Also Used.
 Electricity was discovered
and electrical (and electronic) fire alarm
systems were developed.
18
How a Fire Alarm Works
 Basically, to activate it, a fire alarm system uses
manually operated devices (pull stations), or
automatically activated devices (smoke and heat
detectors, waterflow switches, etc.).
 Once a fire is discovered by the fire alarm
system, it tells the occupants of a building about
the fire (by making lots of noise and flashing
lights), and calls the fire-fighters (through
automatic communication).
 After that, it is up to the occupants to defend
themselves from the fire, and the firefighters to
try to extinguish it.
19
Main Components of a
Fire Alarm System
Detection Control Notification
Input Process Output
20
Typical Main Components
Initiating
Devices
Control
Panel
(FACP)
Notification
Appliances
Smoke
Detector
Heat
Waterflow
Switch
Ceiling Mounted Horn Strobe
Wall Mounted Horn Strobe
Manual
Station
Detection Control Notification
Heat
Detector
21
Ancillary Devices
Control
Panel
Heat
Door Holder/Releases
Remote
Annunciator
Printer
Control Relays
22
Key Expectations from a World
Class Fire Alarm & Detection
System
Rejection of Nuisance
Alarm
Stable System
Protection Of Investment
Code Compliance
FlexibilityReliability Serviceability
Reliable Detection Modularity & Scalability Easy Maintenance
Reliable Notification Challenging Application Easy Operation
Low Downtime Integrated Solution After Sales Support
Innovative Technology Fast project Closure
Easy Commissioning Smooth AMC
Easy operation OEM Support
Highly Flexible Low Cost Of Ownership
23
Fire Alarm Circuits are
SUPERVISED
02:38:00 P001 D000
001 Trbl Active
Basement NAC
TROUBLE
LED = Light Emitting Diode
Message
• Circuit is on continuously
• Circuit is monitored
• If the circuit moves out of
specification, a trouble
event occurs
• A trouble event usually
‐ turns on an LED
‐ turns on a signal
‐ causes a message
Signal
24
Initiating
devices
Conventional vs Addressable
26
PROGRAMMING METHOD
DIP SWITCHES
ROTARY SWITCHES
HANDHELD PROGRAMMER
27
Defining
‘Intelligence’
• Device returns sensor
values for panel
processing.
• Device maintains
environmental data base
for one or more sensors
and makes alarm
decision.
• Devices can give
additional information
such as % dirty.
28
Addressable
Fire Alarm Circuit
10
01 02 03 04 05 06
Each device has a unique identifier, or address, so that it is unique to the system.
07 08 09
19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
29
Smoke Detector
Manual Pull Station
A fire alarm
system can have
a variety of
input devices.
Inputs
Elements of Fire Alarm
30
SLC-Signaling Line Circuit
Out
Return
Class ‘A’
SLC Circuit
With Detectors
& Modules
CONTROL
PANEL
• Usually have a Class ‘A’or ‘B’ connection option
• Input and output devices can be on the same circuit
• Control panel device communication is sometimes
called a protocol
T-Tap option on class B
31
INITIATING DEVICES
• Manual initiating devices – break glass station, buttons,
pull stations and the like are all considered manual
initiating devices. They should be located near the exits of
your building and should be easily accessible, identified and
operated.
• Automatic initiating devices –wide variety of automatic
initiating devices, including heat detectors, smoke
detectors, flame detectors, CO detectors, water flow
detectors, etc.
• Sense changes in the environment and react automatically
• May use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze
visible effects of fire and movement in ways that other
detection devices can’t.
32
Initiating devices
CAPABLE OF PLACING THE SYSTEM IN THE
ALARM STATE
 Photoelectric Smoke Detectors
 Heat Detectors,
 Ionization Smoke Detectors,
 In-duct Smoke Detectors,
 Manually Operated Pull Stations
 Sprinkler Waterflow Sensors
Also Available In Weatherproof And
Hazardous Location Versions.
33
Elements of a Control Panel
Horns
Strobes
Outputs
34
Fire Detectors Classification
AUTOMATIC
DETECTORS
SMOKE
SPOT
PHOTO
LASER
MULTIBEAM
SAMPLING
HEAT
SPOT
MULTI
FIXED TEMP
ROR T.LINEAR
GAS
CO
LPG/LNG
FLAME
IR
UV 35
PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR
Light Scattering Principle
Sensing Chamber
TRANSMITTER
(LED)
RECEIVER
(Photo Diode)
Partition
Smoke Particles
36
PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR
Light Scattering Principle
• These detectors use a Light-Emitting
Diode (LED) that sends a beam of light into a
dark chamber. A photo diode sits on the other
side of a partition within the chamber.
• Smoke particles entering the chamber deflect
some of the light rays into the photocell. The
photo cell generates a current when exposed to
light, and if the current reaches a certain level,
the smoke detector alarms.
37
Typical Range
 Simplex TrueAlarm photoelectric sensors use a
stable, pulsed infrared LED light source and a
silicon photodiode receiver to provide consistent
and accurate low power smoke sensing. Seven
levels of sensitivity are available for each
individual sensor, ranging from 0.2% to 3.7% per
foot of smoke obscuration. Sensitivities of 0.2%,
0.5%, and 1% are for special applications in
clean areas. Standard sensitivities are 1.5%,
2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.7%. Application type
and sensitivity are selected and then monitored
at the fire alarm control panel.
38
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
ABOVE FALSE CEILING
39
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
BELOW FALSE/TRUE CEILING
40
A smoke detector is a particle
detector so:
• Do not install in dusty/dirty
environments
• Do not use outdoors
• Do not spray with aerosols.
• Work such as carpentry, welding, and
grinding can cause nuisance events.
SMOKE DETECTOR –
NUISANCE EVENTS
41
LASER TYPE DETECTORS
•Used for Early Warning Smoke
Detection
•Uses a Laser Light Source and
receiver
• Sensitivity is higher (0.02% to 2%)
•As per NFPA 318/76 Spot type Laser
Smoke Detectors are for “high value
asset protection”.
42
Projected Beam Principle
Smoke from the
fire in the protected
area diffuses the
intensity of the beam at the receiver
Transmitter Receiver
43
 In a projected Beam Detector, alarms are
generated by diffusing the projected light beam
by a specified percentage of obscuration.
Total beam blockage generally results in a trouble
signal.
 Wire the receiver unit as a 4-wire detector
(separate power and sensing connections to
the control panel).
Projected Beam Principle
44
Projected Beam Principle
Addressable Beam
Detector Head
Addressable Beam Control Station
One Prism on
5000-006 Mounting Bracket
Four Prisms on 5000-006
Mounting Bracket
5000-008 Single Prism
Adapter on a 5000-005
Alignment Bracket
5000-201 Adjustment
Bracket
5000-007 Four Prism Adapter on
5000-005 Alignment Bracket
Beam Detector on 5000-005
Alignment Bracket
Beam Detector on 5000-
011 Uni-Box
23901 Prism
Reflector
45
AIR SAMPLING DETECTION
 ASD (Aspirated Smoke Detection)
 ASSD (Air Sampling Smoke Detection)
 VESDA (Very Early Warning Aspirating Smoke
Detection)
 FAAST (Fire Alarm Aspiration Sensing
Technology)
 Works much like a vacuum cleaner. Sucks air
from the protected environment via purpose
built aspirating pipe and fittings and samples
the quality of air passing through the detection
laser chamber.
46
ASD PRINCIPLE
47
ASD PRINCIPLE
 ASD technology utilizes
collective air sampling vs.
point detection
 A sample of air is collected
from multiple sampling holes
 Areas of coverage and spacing
are the same for both
=Sample Hole
48
Controller Display Detail
Reference
49
Gases Detected
Combustible
 Methane
 Hydrogen
 Propane
 Pentane
 Gasoline
 Alcohol
 Ammonia
Toxic
 Carbon
monoxide
 Ammonia
 Hydrogen
sulfide
 Nitrogen
dioxide
 Sulfur dioxide
 Chlorine
Other
 Oxygen
deficiency
 Oxygen
enrichment
 Carbon
dioxide
50
Reliability Benefits
 Excellent false alarm immunity to dust,
steam, insects, objects and structural
movement
 Eliminates false alarms by automatically
compensating for building movement
 No moving motor parts eliminates hardware
failures
 Operates in all ambient lighting conditions
 Not affected by nearby reflecting surfaces
 No false alignment due to reflecting on fog
 Ability to compensate for high air movement 51
Financial Benefits
 Low implementation costs because of simple
and fast installation and alignment
-Only the Imager unit has to be
wired (battery powered Emitters)
-Power can be supplied from panel
-Fast and simple coarse manual
alignment
 Lower maintenance cost for larger areas
-Test filter at the Imager or Emitter
-No intervention costs for misalignment
52
ASD USES
53
ASD USES
 Atriums
 Power generation facilities
 Data Centre
 Water, waste and sewage
treatment facilities
 Industrial – mining, steel
mills, petro-chemical,
wood, pulp and paper
 Stadiums
 Historic / Cultural Buildings
 Tunnels
 Logistics
 Generator Turbine Halls
 Stadiums
 Event Centers
 Concert Halls
 Airports
 Train Stations
 Long Corridors
 Industrial infrastructure
 Large Open Spaces
54
Duct Detectors
 Photoelectric detector mounted in
housing outside the ductwork that has
probes that extend into the duct to
sample the air inside the duct.
 Primarily used as a smoke control device
to control the flow of air in ductwork.
55
Duct Detectors
56
Duct Detectors
57
Heat Detectors
 Heat detectors are the oldest type of automatic
fire detection device.
 Not considered direct Life Safety devices, these
detectors do contribute to the detection of a fire.
58
HEAT DETECTOR
HEATDETECTORS
FIXED
TEMPARATURE
Fusible link
(melts)
Thermistor
(electronic)
Bi‐metal
RATE OF RISE
Thermistor
(electronic)
Pneumatic (air
chamber)
COMBINATION
Fixed Temp. &
Rate‐of‐Rise
59
Heat Detectors
FIXED TEMPARATURE
 Initiates alarm when the sensing element reaches
a certain set point.
 Two common ones have 135 and 200-degrees F
range. The Fixed element is generally a non-
restorable type, and when activated, must be
replaced.
 Typical Range: Fixed temperature sensing is
independent of rate-of-rise sensing and
selectable to operate at 135° F (57.2° C) or 155°
F (68° C).
60
 Respond when the rate of temperature increase
is greater than an allowable limit
 Typical Range: Rate-of-rise temperature
detection is selectable at the control panel for
either 15° F (8.3° C) or 20° F (11.1° C) per
minute.
 In a slow developing fire, the temperature may
not increase rapidly enough to operate the rate-
of-rise feature. However, an alarm will be
initiated when the temperature reaches its
selected fixed temperature setting.
Heat Detectors
RATE OF RISE TEMPARATURE
61
Multi Criteria Detector
• Photo + Heat (Individual)
• Photo + Heat (Work together)
• Photo + CO (Individual & together)
62
LINEAR HEAT DETECTOR
 There are many situations when
conventional heat or smoke fire detectors
only work to a limited degree, if at all.
 For example; dusty or dirty areas, areas
with exhaust fumes, areas with high
humidity, freezing fog, or areas subjected
to high vibration.
 Also, if there is no access to the detectors
after installation, a maintenance-free
sensor would be desirable.
63
LHD-Typical Applications
• Cable tunnels & ducts
• Road & rail Tunnels
• Petro-chemical storage
tank rim seals
• Conveyor belts
• Electric rooms
• High rise warehouse
stacking
• Escalators and moving
walkways
• Paint shops & spray
booths
• Ceiling voids & attic
spaces
• Marine engine rooms
• Electrical switchgear
cabinets
• Oil rig & off shore
systems
• Steam pipe leaks &
trace heating faults
• Aircraft hangers
• Computer room under
voids
64
DIGITAL LHS
A small diameter cable which consist of sensing elements
which respond to a specific temperature at any point along
their length. The inner conductors are coated with a polymer
that melts at a predetermined temperature which allows the
conductors to make contact with one another and thereby
signal an alarm condition at fire alarm panel.
Temperature Rating:
 155°F (68°C) (typical temperature)
 172°F (78°C)
 190°F (88°C)
 220°F (105°C)
 RF Tested: Up to 10,000 linear ft.
65
Analogue LHS
A co-axial cable which exerts a defined change in electrical
resistance of internal polymers when subjected to changes in
surface temperatures. System monitoring through an
associated electronic interface unit provides fault indication of
open and short circuit conditions on the sensor cable.
Features
 Rate-Of-Rise and/or Fixed Temperature
 Alarm Temp can be set between 70-130℃ with PC Modulator
 Dual stage alarm settings (Pre-alarm & alarm)
 Open and short circuit watch
 Restorable & Reusable coaxial cable (if not damaged in the fire)
 System Reset with PC modulator
 Cable cover protects from wearing-out and EMI
 Max. Zone Length: 200Mtr (656.2 Ft.) 66
LHD in a Double Interlock
Pre-action System
67
LHD IN CABLE TRAY
68
Gas Detection
CARBON MONOOXIDE
69
 CO toxic gas monitoring
 CO sensor bases with 520 Hz
tone are multi-point devices,
use a single IDNet address,
and receive communications
and sensor power from the
IDNet channel (the sounder
base requires separate 24
VDC system power or NAC
connection)
An increased sensitivity algorithm analyzes CO and
photoelectric sensor information to allow the presence of CO
to increase photoelectric sensitivity for high value locations
(museums, electrical equipment rooms, etc)
Gas Detection
LPG/LNG
 Once gas has built up
undetected, simple
activities such as turning on
light switches can provide a
source of ignition,
potentially causing an
explosion.
 Detects Liquefied Petroleum
Gas and Liquefied Natural
Gas and gives a 85dB alarm
 Either be used as a stand-
alone device or it can be
directly wired to a solenoid
valve or control panel/alarm
system. 70
Flame Detector
 Unrivalled black body rejection
over a wide range of source
temperatures
 Triple waveband infrared solar
blind flame detection for optimum
false alarm immunity
 Discrimination of optical faults
(dirty windows) from other faults in
the built-in self-test
 Range adjustable to 50 meters for
a 0.1m2 n-heptane pan fire
 Conventional Device, needs
addressable module to be
connected with FDA
71
MANUAL CALL POINT
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
72
MANUAL CALL POINTS
1. SINGLE /DOUBLE
ACTION
2. BREAK GLASS PUSH
• Optional Features
– Surface Box
– Weatherproof
– Explosion proof
– Institutional
– Typically include glass
rod
– With and without key
locks or hex key locks
– With auxiliary contacts
– Multiple languages, even
dual languages.
– With a pre-signal feature
– With screw-terminal or
pigtail connections
– Conventional and
Addressable
– Metal or Polycarbonate
– Pre-Signal Option: activates
when the lever is pulled.
73
MANUAL CALL POINTS
Dual Action Explosion-Proof and
Weather-Proof Manual Station
NFPA STANDARD, UL LISTED
BREAK GLASS TYPE MANUAL PUSH STATION,
VdS APPROVED, BLOW UP VIEW
74
WATERFLOW DETECTORS
 A device or switch that
initiates an Alarm
condition indicating the
flow of water within a
sprinkler system.
 Other common names
are flow switch and
riser flow switch.
WATERFLOW
DETECTOR/
FLOW
SWITCH
75
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL
INITIATING DEVICE
Low Air
Supervisory
Switch
Control valve
supervisory switch
OS&Y Gate Valve
supervisory switch
Water level indicator
Low‐air pressure
switch on a dry‐pipe
sprinkler system.
A change of state
signals an off‐normal
(Supervisory)
76
SUPERVISORY SWITCHES
 monitor the open position of
an Outside Screw and Yoke
(OS&Y) type gate valve.
 NEMA 3R-rated enclosure
 Switches shall be mounted so
as not to interfere with the
normal operation of the valve
and shall be adjusted to
operate within two revolutions
of the valve control or when
the stem has moved no more
than one-fifth of the distance
from its normal position.
77
NOTIFICATION
devices
Indicating appliances
ANNOUNCE BUILIDNG OCCUPANTS OR AT A REMOTE
LOCATION WHEN THE SYSTEM ENTERS THE ALARM
STATE
 Horns,
 Sirens
 Strobe Lights,
 Chimes,
 Bells,
 Combination Units.
Also Available In Weatherproof And
Hazardous Location Versions.
79
Emergency Communications
Display Interface
 Normal building video
message displays to be
controlled
 Resides in an on-site
computer
 Control of the video feed
using a
 Output through separate VGA
switch, or providing an RSS
message feed
 Computers require a serial
port for control panel
communications and a second
serial port
80
Network NAC Synchronization
All Appliances across Networked “ES” Panels are Synchronized
Atrium Second
Floor West
Atrium First
Floor West
Atrium Second
Floor East
Atrium First
Floor East
81
Visible Notification Appliances
with Synchronized Flash
82
Visual signaling
appliances are used in
high-noise
environments, in areas
occupied by hearing-
impaired individuals, or
in areas where audible
devices may not be
desired.
Audible Notification Appliances
For High Noise/ Open Areas
 Horn sound up to 114 dBA at
10’-0" (3m)
 Swiveled through 180°
horizontally and 90° vertically
outdoor/weatherproof option
 Can be used where standard
bells or horns are not
satisfactory, particularly in
areas of high noise level.
83
Horn/Siren
Multiple Tone
Signal
Audible Notification Appliances
84
Audible Only (AO)
• Design when area is at maximum
noise level.
• UL typically rates dB @ 10 ft. on
axis.
• Lose about 6 dBA for distance doubled.
• Space approx. 40’ on center.
• Typically installed in all multi-
person / common areas
separated by a door from other
audible devices.
• Closed doors and walls lose
approximately. 20 dBA.
Wall Mount Weatherproof
Notification Appliances
 Weatherproof Notification
Appliances For Extended
Temperature And Humidity
Range
 Rugged, high impact, flame
retardant thermoplastic
housing with clear lens
 Standard models are red and
available with FIRE or FEU
lettering; configured models
are available with additional
lettering of FEU/FIRE, ALERT,
and blank, and in white with
each lettering
 Mounting is to matching
weatherproof boxes (required),
ordered separately
 Separate covers are available
to change application type on-
site or for replacement
 Enclosure is rated NEMA 3R
85
Addressable Speakers
 Complete family of wall ceiling mount
speakers
 Individually identified, supervised and
controlled speakers
 Each speaker has a unique address allowing
individual unit supervision, control, and
configuration
 Unit disconnection or failure is quickly detected,
pinpointed, and reported
 Revolutionary self-test capability
 Testing is fast, easy, and non-disruptive
 Test information for each appliance is stored in
the panel
 T-tap audio and highly flexible NAC wiring
 Easier to design, install, expand and modify
 Use less wiring, smaller gauge wiring, and power
supplies and batteries
Multi Point Devices
• Multi I/O Module (3 inputs/ 2
outputs)
• Inputs and outputs are
individually monitored and
controlled
• Applications include
monitoring fire contacts such
as extinguishing system
control, ventilation control,
fire door control
Control Module
Strobe Synchronization Modules
88
• Convert conventional Notification
Appliance Circuits (NACs) into
SmartSync circuits or synchronized
strobe circuits
• Combine separate horn and strobe NAC
inputs into a 2-wire control that can
silence horns while maintaining
synchronized strobe operation
• Synchronized Flash Modules provide a
2-wire synchronized strobe output that
also operates compatible 24 VDC
conventional reverse polarity
notification appliances
• Separate particular one for CO
notification
Color Touchscreen LCD Annunciators/
Repeater Panel/ Annunciation Panel
 Provides the display features of the fire alarm
control panel at a remote location
 LED status indicators include Alarm, Priority 2,
Supervisory, Trouble, Alarm Silenced, and
Status of AC Power at the control panel
89
Emergency Communications
Display Interface
 Normal building video
message displays to be
controlled
 Resides in an on-site
computer
 Control of the video feed
 Output through separate
VGA switch, or providing an
RSS message feed
 Computers require a serial
port for control panel
communications and a
second serial port 90
GRAPHICAL INTERFACE
91
GRAPHICAL INTERFACE
 Custom alarm and system messages can intuitively
guide emergency responders
 Auto-jump allows the screen view to automatically
jump to a graphic at a predetermined zoom level with
the active device centered on the screen; alternately,
the system can be selected to auto-jump to the Alarm
List window
 Personal computer based annunciator
 Server with Local Client & Remote Clients
 Displays Alarm, Supervisory, Priority 2, and Trouble
conditions with numerical tallies for each
 Quad monitor support allows multiple active windows,
or run separate client/server instances on individual 92
LED Annunciators
 LED annunciator for use with
the fire alarm control panel
 Information is transmitted
over one twisted, shielded
pair
 24 Red/Yellow LEDs, jumper
selectable
 Low current consumption
 Supervised / Unsupervised
 Surface mount on standard
electrical box
 18 gauge steel casing 93
Response Indicator
 Provides remote annunciation of
fire alarm troubles
 Loud piercing sound
 Easy to install
 Standard single gang box mount
 Dry contact activation
 Yellow LED illuminates and a low
frequency
 Piezo sounds upon activation
 Will be reset when the controlling
contact is reset 94
Other devices
connected with
FDA
Input Modules/
MONITOR MODULE
• Interfaces N.O. devices to a
Signaling Line Circuit
High Temperature
Heat Detectors
Conventional
Class ‘B’
Circuit
Resistor
Input Module
SLC Circuit
Class ‘B’
Addressable devices on this circuit
INPUT MODULE
97
Auxiliary Relay Circuits/
OUTPUT MIODULE/ CONTROL
MODULE
• Contacts of CR control relay R.
• The contacts of R control
higher voltage and current
circuits, i.e. fan motor.
Control Relays
Power on/off
SLC
DVR
Heat
SLC Out
Control
Relay CR
R
DVR
Power
on/off
OR
N.O. N.C.
Relay R has
high voltage
and current
contacts
Low voltage
Power source
R
M
Source
120 Vac
or
greater
Motor
Systems using N.C.
Contacts are
Called ‘failsafe’
Contacts
Fans using a ‘controller’ can usually be controlled directly from a single CR relay
Door Release Circuit
Power on/off
Door Holder/Releases
SLC Out
Control
Relay CR
on/off
N.C.
Low voltage
Power source
Systems using N.C.
Contacts are
Called ‘failsafe’
Contacts
Power
DH DH
Power
on/off
Low voltage
Power source DH DH
Using Alarm
contacts
in panel
Contacts of CR control
relay control door holders
DH above.
Panel alarm contacts
control door holders DH
on the left.
Air Handler Unit Shutdown
A control function
provided by a fire
detection system
to shutdown air
handler units in
order to prevent
further spread of
smoke and or
toxic chemicals as
a result of a fire
condition.
Typical AHU components
1. Supply Duct
2. Fan Compartment
3. Vibration Isolators
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air duct
Lift Control
101
 STOP THE ELEVATOR or
 BRING TO THE GROUND
FLOOR or
 MOVE TO THE TOP
FLOOR
Smoke Management
102
 Smoke is the major killer
in fires
 Can fill stairwells and
elevator shafts, blocking
both evacuation and
firefighting
 Smoke control systems
reduce the number of
smoke-related injuries
and deaths
 Shut down the air
handling fans and the
smoke dampers in the air
ducts to prevent the
spread of smoke and
flame
Extra Action Taken by the
Fire Alarm System
 Turn off electricity and gas in
kitchens (shunt)
 Capture the elevators
 Turn off the electricity in
computer rooms (Emergency
Power Off or EPO)
 Turn on a deluge sprinkler
system to extinguish a fire
 Activate a preaction sprinkler
system to allow it to
extinguish fire
 Unlock doors to allow exit
 Lock doors to prevent entrance
 Close smoke barriers or smoke
curtains to prevent the spread
of smoke or flame
 Release door holders on fire
doors to prevent the spread of
smoke
 Activate fire suppression
systems (FM200, Halon, Dry
Agent, Etc.)
103
Control Panel
Basics
ALARM or FIRE ALARM event
Outside Door
Corridor East Wing
FIRE
ALARM
02:36:00 A001 D000
001 Alarm Active
A warning of fire danger.
A signal initiated by a fire alarm‐initiating device such
as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector,
waterflow switch, or other device in which activation is
indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.
Supervisory event
02:37:00 P001 D000
001 Supv Active
Post Indicator
Valve North Lawn
An initiating device such as a valve switch, water
level indicator, or low air pressure switch on a dry
pipe sprinkler system in which the change of state
signals an off normal condition.
SUPV
A warning of sprinkler or
other fire system impairment.
Trouble event
02:38:00 P001 D000
001 Trbl Active
Smoke Detector
Room 138 TROUBLE
A warning of fire alarm
system impairment.
A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or
device indicative of a fault in a monitored
circuit or component.
Monitor event
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Monitor
Use for status monitoring type events
An indication the
system has a
monitor event active.
A signal initiated by the
fire alarm system when
a device programmed
for monitor is active. A
monitor message exist
in the display queue.
A warning the system has a ground fault active.
Ground fault event
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
GROUND
FAULT
A signal initiated by the
fire alarm system when
a ‘live’ conductor has a
low impedance
connection to ground
Trouble is also active.
Service Detector event
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
SERVICE
DETECTOR
Is this a trouble?
A warning the system
has one or more
detectors requiring
service.
A signal initiated by the
fire alarm system when a
detector needs service
such as cleaning.
Signal Silence
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
SIGNAL
SILENCE
An user initiated action
to silence all the alarm
signals on the system.
• The signal silence LED turns on steady when the signals
are silenced.
• Signal silence puts the system in trouble.
Acknowledge / Panel Silence
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
All active events are Acknowledged
ACK/PANEL
SILENCE
An user initiated action
to silence the panel’s
internal signal.
A user initiated action
intended to restore the
system to normal.
Reset
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Reset
Pressing RESET starts the
reset sequence.
During reset, the LED
flashes. To complete
successfully, all devices
and circuits must be
normal.
• The drill LED turns on when drill is active.
• Drill activates only the audible and visible signals.
Drill
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
DRILL
A user initiated
action to sound a
fire drill signal.
Remote Disconnect
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
Abcdefghijklmnopqrst
abcdefghijklmnopqrst
REMOTE
DISCON
A user initiated action to
turn off the connection
to a central monitoring
station.
• The remote disconnect LED turns on steady when
the central station is turned off.
• Remote Disconnect puts the system in trouble.
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
ONE-WAY, PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
 Alarm/evacuation signal
generation with multiple
built-in tones
 Standard or customized
digital message storage
and message generation
 Automatic or manual
operation
 Mass Notification
operation
 Integrated with FDA or
separated standalone
system 116
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Both One and Two Way
117
 Simultaneously talk
with up to 6 remote
telephones
 Ring signal hold signal
 Telephone circuits are
supervised
 connected to each
other in the event of a
communications loss
118
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Two Way- FIRE FIGHTING TELEPHONE
Reading a Basic Layout
Drawing of FDA
119
THANK YOU
Q&A
120

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Fundamental training on Fire Detection & Alarm System

  • 1. Introduction to FIRE DETECTION & ALARM SYSTEM Presented by Engr. Sabrul Jamil, PRINCE2 Manager, Fire Safety, Ezzy Automations Ltd, Bangladesh Phone: +88 01617181910 eMail: jamil@sabrul.com Website: www.sabrul.com
  • 2. Objectives NOT TO  Basic Knowledge of FDA  Inform Customer the System  Understand DRAWING & BOM  Prepare Design or Drawing  Prepare BOQ (form Drawing) 2
  • 4. The Purpose of Fire Safety Engineering & Detection System DETECT FIRE ALERT OCCUPANTS EVACUATE THE PREMISES ALERT THE LOCAL FIRE DEPARTMENT Safety of life Conservation of property Continuity of operations Protection of the environment 4
  • 5. Elements of Fire Fire Triangle Three elements a fire needs to ignite: 1. HEAT, 2. FUEL, 3. OXYGEN Can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in the fire triangle 5
  • 6. Elements of Fire Fire Diamond Once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic chain reaction sustains the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is blocked. 6
  • 7. Classes of fire  Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textiles.  Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils.  Class C - fires involving gases.  Class D - fires involving metals.  Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus. (Technically ‘Class E’ doesn’t exists however this is used for convenience here)  Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers. 7
  • 8. Start to produce PoCs Produces visible smoke particles Produces a high temperature Graph of a Fire ConditionIncipient Smoldering Flame HighHeat Time-> Fire Detection Activation Sprinkler/Hydrant activation 8
  • 9. The Stages of a Fire 1) Incipient • Products of Combustion particles are produced (<0.3 microns). • No visible smoke or detectable heat. • May occur for milliseconds or days. 9
  • 10.  Visible smoke particles are produced (>0.3 microns).  Little visible flame or noticeable heat. The Stages of a Fire 2) Smoldering: 10
  • 11. • Rapid combustion produces radiant energy in the visible, and invisible (IR, UV) spectrums. • Heat begins to buildup at this stage The Stages of a Fire 3) Flame: 11
  • 12. Terminology  FACP - Fire Alarm Control Panel.  FACU - Fire Alarm Control Unit.  FCC - Federal Communications Commission  UL - Underwriters Laboratories  NFPA - National Fire Protection Agency.  AHJ, LAHJ - Authority Having Jurisdiction, Local AHJ  ADAAG - Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines.  PoC - Products of Combustion  LED - Light Emitting Diode  IDC - Initiating Device Circuit  NAC - Notification Appliance Circuit  ELR, EOL - End of Line Resistor 12
  • 13. Terminology  NEC - National Electrical Code (NFPA 70)  NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturing Association  EIA - Electronics Industry Association  Cd - Candela  dB, dBA - Decibels  FWR - Full Wave Rectified  ANSI - American National Standards Institute  PIV - Post Indicator Valve  OS&Y - Outside Stem and Yoke Valves  SFPE - Society for Fire Protection Engineers  Shall - Indicates a mandatory requirement  Should - Indicates a recommendation or advisement 13
  • 14. Guidelines  NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code  NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm Code  NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code  National Electrical Code Handbook, NFPA  Life Safety Code Handbook, NFPA  Fire Protection Handbook, NFPA  Fire Alarm Signaling Systems, NFPA 14
  • 15.  A global safety consulting and certification company  UL is one of several companies approved to perform safety testing by the U.S. federal agency Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). What is “UL Listed”? 15
  • 16. What is “FM Approved”?  independent testing arm of international insurance carrier, FM Global.  FM approvals uses scientific research and testing to make sure products conform to the highest standards for safety and property loss prevention.  Products that pass get the “FM APPROVED” mark. Think of it as like the Good Housekeeping seal of approval, only better. 16
  • 17. Overview of Fire Detection and Alarm System
  • 18. The Origin of Fire Alarm  Long ago, as an early method of spreading the word of fire danger, people shouted "Fire!"  The Town Bell Or Other Noisemaker Was Also Used.  Electricity was discovered and electrical (and electronic) fire alarm systems were developed. 18
  • 19. How a Fire Alarm Works  Basically, to activate it, a fire alarm system uses manually operated devices (pull stations), or automatically activated devices (smoke and heat detectors, waterflow switches, etc.).  Once a fire is discovered by the fire alarm system, it tells the occupants of a building about the fire (by making lots of noise and flashing lights), and calls the fire-fighters (through automatic communication).  After that, it is up to the occupants to defend themselves from the fire, and the firefighters to try to extinguish it. 19
  • 20. Main Components of a Fire Alarm System Detection Control Notification Input Process Output 20
  • 21. Typical Main Components Initiating Devices Control Panel (FACP) Notification Appliances Smoke Detector Heat Waterflow Switch Ceiling Mounted Horn Strobe Wall Mounted Horn Strobe Manual Station Detection Control Notification Heat Detector 21
  • 23. Key Expectations from a World Class Fire Alarm & Detection System Rejection of Nuisance Alarm Stable System Protection Of Investment Code Compliance FlexibilityReliability Serviceability Reliable Detection Modularity & Scalability Easy Maintenance Reliable Notification Challenging Application Easy Operation Low Downtime Integrated Solution After Sales Support Innovative Technology Fast project Closure Easy Commissioning Smooth AMC Easy operation OEM Support Highly Flexible Low Cost Of Ownership 23
  • 24. Fire Alarm Circuits are SUPERVISED 02:38:00 P001 D000 001 Trbl Active Basement NAC TROUBLE LED = Light Emitting Diode Message • Circuit is on continuously • Circuit is monitored • If the circuit moves out of specification, a trouble event occurs • A trouble event usually ‐ turns on an LED ‐ turns on a signal ‐ causes a message Signal 24
  • 27. PROGRAMMING METHOD DIP SWITCHES ROTARY SWITCHES HANDHELD PROGRAMMER 27
  • 28. Defining ‘Intelligence’ • Device returns sensor values for panel processing. • Device maintains environmental data base for one or more sensors and makes alarm decision. • Devices can give additional information such as % dirty. 28
  • 29. Addressable Fire Alarm Circuit 10 01 02 03 04 05 06 Each device has a unique identifier, or address, so that it is unique to the system. 07 08 09 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 29
  • 30. Smoke Detector Manual Pull Station A fire alarm system can have a variety of input devices. Inputs Elements of Fire Alarm 30
  • 31. SLC-Signaling Line Circuit Out Return Class ‘A’ SLC Circuit With Detectors & Modules CONTROL PANEL • Usually have a Class ‘A’or ‘B’ connection option • Input and output devices can be on the same circuit • Control panel device communication is sometimes called a protocol T-Tap option on class B 31
  • 32. INITIATING DEVICES • Manual initiating devices – break glass station, buttons, pull stations and the like are all considered manual initiating devices. They should be located near the exits of your building and should be easily accessible, identified and operated. • Automatic initiating devices –wide variety of automatic initiating devices, including heat detectors, smoke detectors, flame detectors, CO detectors, water flow detectors, etc. • Sense changes in the environment and react automatically • May use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze visible effects of fire and movement in ways that other detection devices can’t. 32
  • 33. Initiating devices CAPABLE OF PLACING THE SYSTEM IN THE ALARM STATE  Photoelectric Smoke Detectors  Heat Detectors,  Ionization Smoke Detectors,  In-duct Smoke Detectors,  Manually Operated Pull Stations  Sprinkler Waterflow Sensors Also Available In Weatherproof And Hazardous Location Versions. 33
  • 34. Elements of a Control Panel Horns Strobes Outputs 34
  • 36. PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR Light Scattering Principle Sensing Chamber TRANSMITTER (LED) RECEIVER (Photo Diode) Partition Smoke Particles 36
  • 37. PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR Light Scattering Principle • These detectors use a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) that sends a beam of light into a dark chamber. A photo diode sits on the other side of a partition within the chamber. • Smoke particles entering the chamber deflect some of the light rays into the photocell. The photo cell generates a current when exposed to light, and if the current reaches a certain level, the smoke detector alarms. 37
  • 38. Typical Range  Simplex TrueAlarm photoelectric sensors use a stable, pulsed infrared LED light source and a silicon photodiode receiver to provide consistent and accurate low power smoke sensing. Seven levels of sensitivity are available for each individual sensor, ranging from 0.2% to 3.7% per foot of smoke obscuration. Sensitivities of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% are for special applications in clean areas. Standard sensitivities are 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.7%. Application type and sensitivity are selected and then monitored at the fire alarm control panel. 38
  • 41. A smoke detector is a particle detector so: • Do not install in dusty/dirty environments • Do not use outdoors • Do not spray with aerosols. • Work such as carpentry, welding, and grinding can cause nuisance events. SMOKE DETECTOR – NUISANCE EVENTS 41
  • 42. LASER TYPE DETECTORS •Used for Early Warning Smoke Detection •Uses a Laser Light Source and receiver • Sensitivity is higher (0.02% to 2%) •As per NFPA 318/76 Spot type Laser Smoke Detectors are for “high value asset protection”. 42
  • 43. Projected Beam Principle Smoke from the fire in the protected area diffuses the intensity of the beam at the receiver Transmitter Receiver 43
  • 44.  In a projected Beam Detector, alarms are generated by diffusing the projected light beam by a specified percentage of obscuration. Total beam blockage generally results in a trouble signal.  Wire the receiver unit as a 4-wire detector (separate power and sensing connections to the control panel). Projected Beam Principle 44
  • 45. Projected Beam Principle Addressable Beam Detector Head Addressable Beam Control Station One Prism on 5000-006 Mounting Bracket Four Prisms on 5000-006 Mounting Bracket 5000-008 Single Prism Adapter on a 5000-005 Alignment Bracket 5000-201 Adjustment Bracket 5000-007 Four Prism Adapter on 5000-005 Alignment Bracket Beam Detector on 5000-005 Alignment Bracket Beam Detector on 5000- 011 Uni-Box 23901 Prism Reflector 45
  • 46. AIR SAMPLING DETECTION  ASD (Aspirated Smoke Detection)  ASSD (Air Sampling Smoke Detection)  VESDA (Very Early Warning Aspirating Smoke Detection)  FAAST (Fire Alarm Aspiration Sensing Technology)  Works much like a vacuum cleaner. Sucks air from the protected environment via purpose built aspirating pipe and fittings and samples the quality of air passing through the detection laser chamber. 46
  • 48. ASD PRINCIPLE  ASD technology utilizes collective air sampling vs. point detection  A sample of air is collected from multiple sampling holes  Areas of coverage and spacing are the same for both =Sample Hole 48
  • 50. Gases Detected Combustible  Methane  Hydrogen  Propane  Pentane  Gasoline  Alcohol  Ammonia Toxic  Carbon monoxide  Ammonia  Hydrogen sulfide  Nitrogen dioxide  Sulfur dioxide  Chlorine Other  Oxygen deficiency  Oxygen enrichment  Carbon dioxide 50
  • 51. Reliability Benefits  Excellent false alarm immunity to dust, steam, insects, objects and structural movement  Eliminates false alarms by automatically compensating for building movement  No moving motor parts eliminates hardware failures  Operates in all ambient lighting conditions  Not affected by nearby reflecting surfaces  No false alignment due to reflecting on fog  Ability to compensate for high air movement 51
  • 52. Financial Benefits  Low implementation costs because of simple and fast installation and alignment -Only the Imager unit has to be wired (battery powered Emitters) -Power can be supplied from panel -Fast and simple coarse manual alignment  Lower maintenance cost for larger areas -Test filter at the Imager or Emitter -No intervention costs for misalignment 52
  • 54. ASD USES  Atriums  Power generation facilities  Data Centre  Water, waste and sewage treatment facilities  Industrial – mining, steel mills, petro-chemical, wood, pulp and paper  Stadiums  Historic / Cultural Buildings  Tunnels  Logistics  Generator Turbine Halls  Stadiums  Event Centers  Concert Halls  Airports  Train Stations  Long Corridors  Industrial infrastructure  Large Open Spaces 54
  • 55. Duct Detectors  Photoelectric detector mounted in housing outside the ductwork that has probes that extend into the duct to sample the air inside the duct.  Primarily used as a smoke control device to control the flow of air in ductwork. 55
  • 58. Heat Detectors  Heat detectors are the oldest type of automatic fire detection device.  Not considered direct Life Safety devices, these detectors do contribute to the detection of a fire. 58
  • 59. HEAT DETECTOR HEATDETECTORS FIXED TEMPARATURE Fusible link (melts) Thermistor (electronic) Bi‐metal RATE OF RISE Thermistor (electronic) Pneumatic (air chamber) COMBINATION Fixed Temp. & Rate‐of‐Rise 59
  • 60. Heat Detectors FIXED TEMPARATURE  Initiates alarm when the sensing element reaches a certain set point.  Two common ones have 135 and 200-degrees F range. The Fixed element is generally a non- restorable type, and when activated, must be replaced.  Typical Range: Fixed temperature sensing is independent of rate-of-rise sensing and selectable to operate at 135° F (57.2° C) or 155° F (68° C). 60
  • 61.  Respond when the rate of temperature increase is greater than an allowable limit  Typical Range: Rate-of-rise temperature detection is selectable at the control panel for either 15° F (8.3° C) or 20° F (11.1° C) per minute.  In a slow developing fire, the temperature may not increase rapidly enough to operate the rate- of-rise feature. However, an alarm will be initiated when the temperature reaches its selected fixed temperature setting. Heat Detectors RATE OF RISE TEMPARATURE 61
  • 62. Multi Criteria Detector • Photo + Heat (Individual) • Photo + Heat (Work together) • Photo + CO (Individual & together) 62
  • 63. LINEAR HEAT DETECTOR  There are many situations when conventional heat or smoke fire detectors only work to a limited degree, if at all.  For example; dusty or dirty areas, areas with exhaust fumes, areas with high humidity, freezing fog, or areas subjected to high vibration.  Also, if there is no access to the detectors after installation, a maintenance-free sensor would be desirable. 63
  • 64. LHD-Typical Applications • Cable tunnels & ducts • Road & rail Tunnels • Petro-chemical storage tank rim seals • Conveyor belts • Electric rooms • High rise warehouse stacking • Escalators and moving walkways • Paint shops & spray booths • Ceiling voids & attic spaces • Marine engine rooms • Electrical switchgear cabinets • Oil rig & off shore systems • Steam pipe leaks & trace heating faults • Aircraft hangers • Computer room under voids 64
  • 65. DIGITAL LHS A small diameter cable which consist of sensing elements which respond to a specific temperature at any point along their length. The inner conductors are coated with a polymer that melts at a predetermined temperature which allows the conductors to make contact with one another and thereby signal an alarm condition at fire alarm panel. Temperature Rating:  155°F (68°C) (typical temperature)  172°F (78°C)  190°F (88°C)  220°F (105°C)  RF Tested: Up to 10,000 linear ft. 65
  • 66. Analogue LHS A co-axial cable which exerts a defined change in electrical resistance of internal polymers when subjected to changes in surface temperatures. System monitoring through an associated electronic interface unit provides fault indication of open and short circuit conditions on the sensor cable. Features  Rate-Of-Rise and/or Fixed Temperature  Alarm Temp can be set between 70-130℃ with PC Modulator  Dual stage alarm settings (Pre-alarm & alarm)  Open and short circuit watch  Restorable & Reusable coaxial cable (if not damaged in the fire)  System Reset with PC modulator  Cable cover protects from wearing-out and EMI  Max. Zone Length: 200Mtr (656.2 Ft.) 66
  • 67. LHD in a Double Interlock Pre-action System 67
  • 68. LHD IN CABLE TRAY 68
  • 69. Gas Detection CARBON MONOOXIDE 69  CO toxic gas monitoring  CO sensor bases with 520 Hz tone are multi-point devices, use a single IDNet address, and receive communications and sensor power from the IDNet channel (the sounder base requires separate 24 VDC system power or NAC connection) An increased sensitivity algorithm analyzes CO and photoelectric sensor information to allow the presence of CO to increase photoelectric sensitivity for high value locations (museums, electrical equipment rooms, etc)
  • 70. Gas Detection LPG/LNG  Once gas has built up undetected, simple activities such as turning on light switches can provide a source of ignition, potentially causing an explosion.  Detects Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas and gives a 85dB alarm  Either be used as a stand- alone device or it can be directly wired to a solenoid valve or control panel/alarm system. 70
  • 71. Flame Detector  Unrivalled black body rejection over a wide range of source temperatures  Triple waveband infrared solar blind flame detection for optimum false alarm immunity  Discrimination of optical faults (dirty windows) from other faults in the built-in self-test  Range adjustable to 50 meters for a 0.1m2 n-heptane pan fire  Conventional Device, needs addressable module to be connected with FDA 71
  • 72. MANUAL CALL POINT TYPICAL INSTALLATION 72
  • 73. MANUAL CALL POINTS 1. SINGLE /DOUBLE ACTION 2. BREAK GLASS PUSH • Optional Features – Surface Box – Weatherproof – Explosion proof – Institutional – Typically include glass rod – With and without key locks or hex key locks – With auxiliary contacts – Multiple languages, even dual languages. – With a pre-signal feature – With screw-terminal or pigtail connections – Conventional and Addressable – Metal or Polycarbonate – Pre-Signal Option: activates when the lever is pulled. 73
  • 74. MANUAL CALL POINTS Dual Action Explosion-Proof and Weather-Proof Manual Station NFPA STANDARD, UL LISTED BREAK GLASS TYPE MANUAL PUSH STATION, VdS APPROVED, BLOW UP VIEW 74
  • 75. WATERFLOW DETECTORS  A device or switch that initiates an Alarm condition indicating the flow of water within a sprinkler system.  Other common names are flow switch and riser flow switch. WATERFLOW DETECTOR/ FLOW SWITCH 75
  • 76. SUPERVISORY SIGNAL INITIATING DEVICE Low Air Supervisory Switch Control valve supervisory switch OS&Y Gate Valve supervisory switch Water level indicator Low‐air pressure switch on a dry‐pipe sprinkler system. A change of state signals an off‐normal (Supervisory) 76
  • 77. SUPERVISORY SWITCHES  monitor the open position of an Outside Screw and Yoke (OS&Y) type gate valve.  NEMA 3R-rated enclosure  Switches shall be mounted so as not to interfere with the normal operation of the valve and shall be adjusted to operate within two revolutions of the valve control or when the stem has moved no more than one-fifth of the distance from its normal position. 77
  • 79. Indicating appliances ANNOUNCE BUILIDNG OCCUPANTS OR AT A REMOTE LOCATION WHEN THE SYSTEM ENTERS THE ALARM STATE  Horns,  Sirens  Strobe Lights,  Chimes,  Bells,  Combination Units. Also Available In Weatherproof And Hazardous Location Versions. 79
  • 80. Emergency Communications Display Interface  Normal building video message displays to be controlled  Resides in an on-site computer  Control of the video feed using a  Output through separate VGA switch, or providing an RSS message feed  Computers require a serial port for control panel communications and a second serial port 80
  • 81. Network NAC Synchronization All Appliances across Networked “ES” Panels are Synchronized Atrium Second Floor West Atrium First Floor West Atrium Second Floor East Atrium First Floor East 81
  • 82. Visible Notification Appliances with Synchronized Flash 82 Visual signaling appliances are used in high-noise environments, in areas occupied by hearing- impaired individuals, or in areas where audible devices may not be desired.
  • 83. Audible Notification Appliances For High Noise/ Open Areas  Horn sound up to 114 dBA at 10’-0" (3m)  Swiveled through 180° horizontally and 90° vertically outdoor/weatherproof option  Can be used where standard bells or horns are not satisfactory, particularly in areas of high noise level. 83 Horn/Siren Multiple Tone Signal
  • 84. Audible Notification Appliances 84 Audible Only (AO) • Design when area is at maximum noise level. • UL typically rates dB @ 10 ft. on axis. • Lose about 6 dBA for distance doubled. • Space approx. 40’ on center. • Typically installed in all multi- person / common areas separated by a door from other audible devices. • Closed doors and walls lose approximately. 20 dBA.
  • 85. Wall Mount Weatherproof Notification Appliances  Weatherproof Notification Appliances For Extended Temperature And Humidity Range  Rugged, high impact, flame retardant thermoplastic housing with clear lens  Standard models are red and available with FIRE or FEU lettering; configured models are available with additional lettering of FEU/FIRE, ALERT, and blank, and in white with each lettering  Mounting is to matching weatherproof boxes (required), ordered separately  Separate covers are available to change application type on- site or for replacement  Enclosure is rated NEMA 3R 85
  • 86. Addressable Speakers  Complete family of wall ceiling mount speakers  Individually identified, supervised and controlled speakers  Each speaker has a unique address allowing individual unit supervision, control, and configuration  Unit disconnection or failure is quickly detected, pinpointed, and reported  Revolutionary self-test capability  Testing is fast, easy, and non-disruptive  Test information for each appliance is stored in the panel  T-tap audio and highly flexible NAC wiring  Easier to design, install, expand and modify  Use less wiring, smaller gauge wiring, and power supplies and batteries
  • 87. Multi Point Devices • Multi I/O Module (3 inputs/ 2 outputs) • Inputs and outputs are individually monitored and controlled • Applications include monitoring fire contacts such as extinguishing system control, ventilation control, fire door control
  • 88. Control Module Strobe Synchronization Modules 88 • Convert conventional Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs) into SmartSync circuits or synchronized strobe circuits • Combine separate horn and strobe NAC inputs into a 2-wire control that can silence horns while maintaining synchronized strobe operation • Synchronized Flash Modules provide a 2-wire synchronized strobe output that also operates compatible 24 VDC conventional reverse polarity notification appliances • Separate particular one for CO notification
  • 89. Color Touchscreen LCD Annunciators/ Repeater Panel/ Annunciation Panel  Provides the display features of the fire alarm control panel at a remote location  LED status indicators include Alarm, Priority 2, Supervisory, Trouble, Alarm Silenced, and Status of AC Power at the control panel 89
  • 90. Emergency Communications Display Interface  Normal building video message displays to be controlled  Resides in an on-site computer  Control of the video feed  Output through separate VGA switch, or providing an RSS message feed  Computers require a serial port for control panel communications and a second serial port 90
  • 92. GRAPHICAL INTERFACE  Custom alarm and system messages can intuitively guide emergency responders  Auto-jump allows the screen view to automatically jump to a graphic at a predetermined zoom level with the active device centered on the screen; alternately, the system can be selected to auto-jump to the Alarm List window  Personal computer based annunciator  Server with Local Client & Remote Clients  Displays Alarm, Supervisory, Priority 2, and Trouble conditions with numerical tallies for each  Quad monitor support allows multiple active windows, or run separate client/server instances on individual 92
  • 93. LED Annunciators  LED annunciator for use with the fire alarm control panel  Information is transmitted over one twisted, shielded pair  24 Red/Yellow LEDs, jumper selectable  Low current consumption  Supervised / Unsupervised  Surface mount on standard electrical box  18 gauge steel casing 93
  • 94. Response Indicator  Provides remote annunciation of fire alarm troubles  Loud piercing sound  Easy to install  Standard single gang box mount  Dry contact activation  Yellow LED illuminates and a low frequency  Piezo sounds upon activation  Will be reset when the controlling contact is reset 94
  • 96. Input Modules/ MONITOR MODULE • Interfaces N.O. devices to a Signaling Line Circuit High Temperature Heat Detectors Conventional Class ‘B’ Circuit Resistor Input Module SLC Circuit Class ‘B’ Addressable devices on this circuit
  • 98. Auxiliary Relay Circuits/ OUTPUT MIODULE/ CONTROL MODULE • Contacts of CR control relay R. • The contacts of R control higher voltage and current circuits, i.e. fan motor. Control Relays Power on/off SLC DVR Heat SLC Out Control Relay CR R DVR Power on/off OR N.O. N.C. Relay R has high voltage and current contacts Low voltage Power source R M Source 120 Vac or greater Motor Systems using N.C. Contacts are Called ‘failsafe’ Contacts Fans using a ‘controller’ can usually be controlled directly from a single CR relay
  • 99. Door Release Circuit Power on/off Door Holder/Releases SLC Out Control Relay CR on/off N.C. Low voltage Power source Systems using N.C. Contacts are Called ‘failsafe’ Contacts Power DH DH Power on/off Low voltage Power source DH DH Using Alarm contacts in panel Contacts of CR control relay control door holders DH above. Panel alarm contacts control door holders DH on the left.
  • 100. Air Handler Unit Shutdown A control function provided by a fire detection system to shutdown air handler units in order to prevent further spread of smoke and or toxic chemicals as a result of a fire condition. Typical AHU components 1. Supply Duct 2. Fan Compartment 3. Vibration Isolators 4. Heating and/or cooling coil 5. Filter compartment 6. Return and fresh air duct
  • 101. Lift Control 101  STOP THE ELEVATOR or  BRING TO THE GROUND FLOOR or  MOVE TO THE TOP FLOOR
  • 102. Smoke Management 102  Smoke is the major killer in fires  Can fill stairwells and elevator shafts, blocking both evacuation and firefighting  Smoke control systems reduce the number of smoke-related injuries and deaths  Shut down the air handling fans and the smoke dampers in the air ducts to prevent the spread of smoke and flame
  • 103. Extra Action Taken by the Fire Alarm System  Turn off electricity and gas in kitchens (shunt)  Capture the elevators  Turn off the electricity in computer rooms (Emergency Power Off or EPO)  Turn on a deluge sprinkler system to extinguish a fire  Activate a preaction sprinkler system to allow it to extinguish fire  Unlock doors to allow exit  Lock doors to prevent entrance  Close smoke barriers or smoke curtains to prevent the spread of smoke or flame  Release door holders on fire doors to prevent the spread of smoke  Activate fire suppression systems (FM200, Halon, Dry Agent, Etc.) 103
  • 105. ALARM or FIRE ALARM event Outside Door Corridor East Wing FIRE ALARM 02:36:00 A001 D000 001 Alarm Active A warning of fire danger. A signal initiated by a fire alarm‐initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, waterflow switch, or other device in which activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.
  • 106. Supervisory event 02:37:00 P001 D000 001 Supv Active Post Indicator Valve North Lawn An initiating device such as a valve switch, water level indicator, or low air pressure switch on a dry pipe sprinkler system in which the change of state signals an off normal condition. SUPV A warning of sprinkler or other fire system impairment.
  • 107. Trouble event 02:38:00 P001 D000 001 Trbl Active Smoke Detector Room 138 TROUBLE A warning of fire alarm system impairment. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component.
  • 108. Monitor event Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst Monitor Use for status monitoring type events An indication the system has a monitor event active. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system when a device programmed for monitor is active. A monitor message exist in the display queue.
  • 109. A warning the system has a ground fault active. Ground fault event Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst GROUND FAULT A signal initiated by the fire alarm system when a ‘live’ conductor has a low impedance connection to ground Trouble is also active.
  • 110. Service Detector event Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst SERVICE DETECTOR Is this a trouble? A warning the system has one or more detectors requiring service. A signal initiated by the fire alarm system when a detector needs service such as cleaning.
  • 111. Signal Silence Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst SIGNAL SILENCE An user initiated action to silence all the alarm signals on the system. • The signal silence LED turns on steady when the signals are silenced. • Signal silence puts the system in trouble.
  • 112. Acknowledge / Panel Silence Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst All active events are Acknowledged ACK/PANEL SILENCE An user initiated action to silence the panel’s internal signal.
  • 113. A user initiated action intended to restore the system to normal. Reset Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst Reset Pressing RESET starts the reset sequence. During reset, the LED flashes. To complete successfully, all devices and circuits must be normal.
  • 114. • The drill LED turns on when drill is active. • Drill activates only the audible and visible signals. Drill Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst DRILL A user initiated action to sound a fire drill signal.
  • 115. Remote Disconnect Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst Abcdefghijklmnopqrst abcdefghijklmnopqrst REMOTE DISCON A user initiated action to turn off the connection to a central monitoring station. • The remote disconnect LED turns on steady when the central station is turned off. • Remote Disconnect puts the system in trouble.
  • 116. VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ONE-WAY, PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM  Alarm/evacuation signal generation with multiple built-in tones  Standard or customized digital message storage and message generation  Automatic or manual operation  Mass Notification operation  Integrated with FDA or separated standalone system 116
  • 117. VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Both One and Two Way 117
  • 118.  Simultaneously talk with up to 6 remote telephones  Ring signal hold signal  Telephone circuits are supervised  connected to each other in the event of a communications loss 118 VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Two Way- FIRE FIGHTING TELEPHONE
  • 119. Reading a Basic Layout Drawing of FDA 119