LPG

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
Prepared By: Engr. Mohammad Imam Hossain (Rubel)
E-Mail: rubelduet04@gmail.com ,
Skype: mdimam, Cell Phone: +8801818261989
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Prepared By: Engr.Mohammad Imam
Hossain Rubel , Skype: mdimam, Cell
Phone: +8801814655360

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( LPG) or Auto Gas is a generic name for mixtures
of hydrocarbons ( Generally Combination of the gas is 70% butane
(C4H10), 30% propane (C3h8)) which exists as vapor under ambient
conditions and can be changed into liquid state by applying moderate
pressures. When stored under pressure it becomes a dense liquid
allowing large quantities of gas to be stored in a relatively small space.
Energy content similar to gasoline. Inherently clean burning
characteristics. LPG, known world over as Auto gas, gives you a new life as
it brings along multiple benefits. Auto gas is the 3rd most popular
automotive fuel and the number # 1 clean fuel alternative in the world.
What is LPG ?
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O + heat
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat
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Liquid petroleum gases were discovered in 1912 when Dr. Walter Snelling, an
American scientist, realized that these gases could be changed into liquids and
stored under moderate pressure. From 1912 and 1920, LP-gas uses were
developed. The first LPG cook stove was made in 1912, and the first LPG -fueled
car was developed in 1913. The LPG industry began sometime shortly before
World War I. At that time, a problem in the natural gas distribution process
popped up. Gradually facilities were built to cool and compress natural gas, and
to separate the gases that could be turned into liquids (including propane and
butane). LPG was sold commercially by 1920.
History of LPG
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Flammable and Heavier than air.
High energy fuel.
Stored under pressure as liquid.
Large vapor to liquid ratio.
It is in vapor form in atmospheric conditions.
When placed under pressure in cylinders, it is stored as liquid.
It is very light in weight
Non-corrosive
It is like water and cumulative at the deeper places on the ground or
somewhere else.
Characteristics of LPG
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Characteristics of LPG
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There are two main dangers of LPG . The first is a possible explosion if the
mixture of LPG and air is right and if there is an ignition source. The
second is suffocation due to LPG displacing air, causing a decrease in
oxygen concentration. In addition, an odorant is mixed with LPG used for
fuel purposes so that leaks can be detected more easily. Large amounts of
LPG can be stored in bulk cylinders and can be buried underground.
DANGERS POINT

LPG is a derivative of two large energy industries: natural gas
processing and crude oil refining.
In Natural Gas Processing: When natural gas is drawn from the earth, it is a
mixture of several gases and liquids. Methane, which is sold by gas utilities as
“natural gas,” constitutes about 90 percent of this mixture. The remaining 10
percent, 5 percent is propane and 5 percent is other gases such as butane and
ethane.
In crude oil refining: LPG is the first product produced on the way to making the
heavier fuels such as diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, and gasoline. Roughly 3% of a
typical barrel of crude oil is refined into LPG, although as much as 40% of a
barrel could be converted into LPG. Worldwide, crude oil refining is the source
for the other roughly 40% of LPG supplies.
Sources
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Hong Kong
Sri Lanka
China
India
Australia
New Zealand
USA
Mexico
Malaysia
South Africa
Turkey S Korea
Japan
Paraguay
Thailand
Canada
Russia
Algeria
Tunisia Iran
UK
France
SpainPortugal
Italy
Greece
Sweden
Finland
Norway
Belgium
Holland
Poland
Czech
Romania
BulgariaHungary
Denmark
Ireland
Germany
LPG USED IN MORE THAN 40 COUNTRIES
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USES
Internationally, LPG is being consumed as a fuel in the following sectors:
•Household sector as cooking, heating and as lighting fuel.
•Commercially as cooking fuel in hotels and restaurants.
•Automotive sector as fuel for taxis, vans and private cars.
•Industrial sector as cutting and heating fuel.
•Agriculture sector for crop drying, etc.
•Other industrial uses such as manufacture of petrochemicals.
•Electricity generation.
•Chemical feed stocks.
•Heating: glass, porcelain manufacturers.
•Welding & Cutting.
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What is LPG ?
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SCHEMATIC OF A TYPICAL LPG DISTRIBUTION ROUTE
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Bangladesh Market Prospect of LPG
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The country now consumes almost 200,000 Tones of LPG each Year Mostly by
the urban people in districts towns, light engineering workshops, Hotel and
some of city Household where piped natural gas connection are not available .
According to official Statistics of Energy Ministry , LPG demand in the country is
about 500,000 tones.
LPG Demand is increasing Sharply with the Govt. Decision of not providing fresh
gas connection not to household since July 2010 as well as others fuel is not
reasonable. The Govt. already cut import duty from LPG, LPG Cylinder & LPG
related accessories to reduce LPG price in domestic market and encourage to use it.

COMPARATIVE WITH OTHER FUELS
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LPG Composition
Propane
and Butane
95%
Others
5%
Typical Natural Gas Composition
Methane
82%
Other
19%
Ethane
Nitrogen
Pentane
Butane
Propane
Carbon
Dioxide
LNG Composition
Others
5%
Methane
95%
NGL Composition
Ethane,
propane,
butane
95%
Others
5%
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Comparison of Properties of
Liquid Fuels
LNG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG)
Gasoline Fuel Oil
Toxic No No Yes Yes
Carcinogenic No No Yes Yes
Flammable Vapor Yes Yes Yes Yes
Form Vapor Clouds Yes Yes Yes No
Asphyxiant Yes, but in a vapor cloud Yes, same As LNG No No
Extreme Cold Temperature Yes Yes, if refrigerated No No
Other health hazards None None Eye irritant,
narcosis, nausea,
others.
Same as
gasoline
Flash point
o
F -306 -156 -50 140
Boiling point
o
F -256 -44 90 400
Flammability Range in air % 5-15 2.1-9.5 1.3-6 N/A
Stored Pressure Atmospheric Pressurized (atmospheric if
refrigerated)
Atmospheric Atmospheric
Behavior if spilled Evaporates, forming
visible “clouds”. Portions
of cloud could be
flammable or explosive
under certain conditions.
Evaporates, forming vapor
clouds which could be
flammable or explosive
under certain conditions.
Evaporates, forms
flammable pool;
environmental
clean up required.
Same as
gasoline
Source: Lewis, William W., Lewis, James P, Outtrim, Patricia A., PTL: LNG Facilities - The Real Risk, AiChE Meeting, New Orleans,
April 2003 as modified by industry sources.
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Objects CNG LPG
Constituents Methane CH4 Propane and Butane C3H8 C4H10
Source Obtained from natural gas-and-
condensate wells, oil wells, coal bed
methane wells.
Automatically generated from gas fields
when natural gas is extracted from the
reservoir. By-product of cracking process
during crude-oil refining.
Uses Substitute for gasoline in automobiles. Heating and cooking in homes,
refrigeration, industrial, agricultural,
catering and automobile fuel.
Environmental
effects
Releases lesser greenhouse gas. Releases CO2 which is a greenhouse gas
but is cleaner when compared to gasoline
Properties It is lighter than air and hence disperses
quickly in the event of spillage.
Highly inflammable. It is heavier than air
and on leakage will settle to ground and
accumulate in low lying areas.
Stored Pressure 200 to 248 bars 1.7 - 7.5 bar
Safety Easily disperses, hence risk of ignition is
minimized.
Since it is difficult to disperse risk of fire is
more.
Energy Produced 38 MJ/m3 or 10.6 kWh/m3 94 MJ/m3 or 26.1kWh/m3
Safety and
Environmental
Impact
CNG does produce greenhouse gases
upon combustion; it is a more
environmentally clean alternative to other
fossil fuels like gasoline or LPG. CNG is also
safer than other fuels in the event of a spill
because natural gas, being lighter than air,
disperses quickly when released.
Storage Little more space need Need Lesser Space
For proper
Combustion Air to
Gas ratio
Approximately 10:1 Approximately 25:1
Relative density
with air
0.5537:1 1.5219:1
Auto Ignition
Temp.
540C 455 to 510C
Flammability Range 5-15% 2-9.5%
Auto Mileage Same number of Mileage of gasoline About 28% fewer mileage than of gasoline
Carbon Emission (H:C>4:1)Lesser carbon Emission than any
other fossil Fuel
(H:C>8:3/10:4) cleaner fossil fuel than
gasoline & diesel
COMPARATIVE WITH CNG ( NATURAL GAS)
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OBJECTS CNG LPG
Constituents Methane CH4 Propane and Butane C3H8 C4H10
Source Obtained from natural gas-and-condensate
wells, oil wells, coal bed methane wells.
Automatically generated from gas fields when natural gas is
extracted from the reservoir. By-product of cracking process
during crude-oil refining.
Uses Substitute for gasoline in automobiles. Heating and cooking in homes, refrigeration, industrial,
agricultural, catering and automobile fuel.
Environmental effects Releases lesser greenhouse gas. Releases CO2 which is a greenhouse gas but is cleaner when
compared to gasoline
Properties It is lighter than air and hence disperses
quickly in the event of spillage.
Highly inflammable. It is heavier than air and on leakage will
settle to ground and accumulate in low lying areas.
Stored Pressure 200 to 248 bars 1.7 - 7.5 bar
Safety Easily disperses, hence risk of ignition is
minimized.
Since it is difficult to disperse risk of fire is more.
Energy Produced 38 MJ/m3 or 10.6 kWh/m3 94 MJ/m3 or 26.1kWh/m3
Storage Little more space need Need Lesser Space
For proper
Combustion Air to Gas
ratio
Approximately 10:1 Approximately 25:1
Relative density with
air
0.5537:1 1.5219:1
Auto Ignition Temp. 540C 455 to 510C
Flammability Range 5-15% 2-9.5%
Auto Mileage Same number of Mileage of gasoline About 28% fewer mileage than of gasoline
Carbon Emission (H:C>4:1)Lesser carbon Emission than any
other fossil Fuel
(H:C>8:3/10:4) cleaner fossil fuel than gasoline & diesel

Particulate Emissions ( regulated)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Diesel CNG LPG
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mg/kw-h

Emissions of 1,3-Butadiene
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2D Diesel Gasoline RFG CNG LPG
mg/kw-h
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Emissions of Acetaldehyde
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
mg/kw-h
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Emissions of Formaldehyde
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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Emissions of Benzene (unregulated)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
mg/kw-h
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COUNTRIES RANKING HIGHEST IN LPG-FUELED VEHICLES.
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Auto LPG Financial Benefits
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FUEL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
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LPG REFUELING STATION
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LPG REFUELING STATION
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Vehicle LPG Conversion Technology
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THERE ARE MAINLY THREE TYPES OF CNG CONVERSION
TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE FOR THE PETROL VEHICLE CNG
CONVERSION SYSTEM
1. MULTIPOINT SEQUENTIAL INJECTION SYSTEM
2. LAMBDA CONTROL SYSTEM ( LCS) or MIXER BASED SYSTEM
3. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
Types of Vehicle LPG Conversion Systems
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Vehicle LPG Conversion Systems
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MULTIPOINT SEQUENTIAL INJECTION SYSTEM
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MULTIPOINT SEQUENTIAL INJECTION SYSTEM
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MSIS Components
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MSIS Layout
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Omegas 3.0 ECU
The new Landirenzo Omegas 3.0 electronic control unit with
dedicated aluminum case (IP54), designed and built to
integrate the electronics of latest generation Euro 4, Euro 5
and Euro 6 vehicles, offers the possibility of connecting to
the vehicle's OBDII (On Board Diagnostics II) to:
acquire and monitor the petrol controls to manage gas
calibration compensate the variability of the gas quality and
composition With Omegas 3.0, it is also possible to verify the
connection of the petrol injectors and diagnose the
operation of individual gas injectors as well as manage
partial petrol operation. The ECU controls 2-3-4 cylinder
engines.
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EVO 12 ECU
The new LANDIRENZO EVO 12 electronic control unit
with dedicated aluminum case (IP54), approved for
Euro 4, Euro 5 and Euro 6 applications, summaries the
concept of absolute quality.
The strengths of this new control unit are the reliability
and precision of the self-calibrating features, which
facilitate quick and successful vehicle calibration.
It is possible to manually adjust the mapping and
manage the contribution with petrol if necessary.
With LANDIRENZO EVO 12, it is also possible to
diagnose the petrol injector connections and the
functioning of individual gas injectors.
.
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Omegas Plus ECU
The injection control strategy and in particular the
calculation of the LPG injection timing use a model
based software strategy able to determine optimal
values in all operating engine conditions using RPM,
LPG pressure, LPG temperature and engine coolant
temperature signals. Above mentioned switch is
also controlled by a delay time from the start up and
a minimum rpm threshold. The LPG system also
includes diagnostics strategies and manage the
automatic switch into gasoline mode in case of fault
detections. The ECU is available in three versions for
4, 6 or 8 cylinder engines.
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Pressure Regulator LI 10
Single-stage, positive-pressure compensated
regulator fitted with a safety valve.
The compact design, which integrates a
solenoid cut-off valve and a replaceable filter
at the gas inlet, is combined with high output
performance and flexibility of use, applicable
on aspirated and turbo Twin air and Multi Air
engines.
Regulator stemming from the Landi Renzo
experience with leading international car
manufacturers and tested and validated with
stringent durability tests.
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Pressure Regulator IG1
Regulator-vaporiser
IG1 PRV - This is a compensated, two-stage
diaphragm type regulator-vaporiser, with
water-gas heat exchanger, internal safety valve
and gas solenoid valve with incorporated filter.
It is calibrated for a supply pressure that is 0.95
bar (95 kPa) above the pressure of the intake
manifold. The nominal flow rate is 40 Kg / h. LI
02 - This is a compensated, one-stage
diaphragm type regulator-vaporiser, with
water-gas heat exchanger, internal safety valve
and gas solenoid valve with incorporated filter.
It is calibrated for a supply pressure that is 0.95
bar (95 kPa) above the pressure of the intake
manifold. The nominal flow rate is 30 Kg / h.
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Injector Rail GIRS 12
High-performances injectors
Compact dimensions: easier to install
Noiseless and resistant injector rail
Higher level of sealing through the IP6K9K
connector
Available in 4 sizes to be adapted to all
engines
2, 3, 4 cylinders versions
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MED RGBI Gas Injector
Current management: 4 / 1 “Peak and hold”
Supply Voltage: 6 to 16 volts
Temperature Range: -40°C to +120°C
Nominal Pressure: 0.8 to 3 bar
Aperture Time @12V: 2 ms
Dimensions: Ø 32 x h 73 mm
Weight: 120 g
Homologation: ECE R 110 @ -40°C min.
Available in 3 different sizes to cover all the power
range of the engines on the market
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Switch-Indicator EVO 12
Electronic control module available with LEDs of
different colors (green, blue and orange), with the
following functions:
- gas/petrol switch and monitoring of the current fuel in
use by means of two LEDs
- monitoring of gas fuel level tank by means of 5 LEDs
of adjustable intensity by the driver The switch is also
equipped with an adjustable acoustic signal (buzzer)
which sounds when the system reverts to petrol mode
either due to low pressure or when a fault is detected
- emergency gas start
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Switch-Indicator Omegas 3.0
Electronic control module, fitted with rings
adaptable for an effective integration in all types of
dashboard, with the following functions:
gas/petrol switch and monitoring of the current fuel
in use by means of two LEDs.
monitoring of gas fuel level tank by means of 5 LEDs
of adjustable intensity by the driver. The switch is
also equipped with an adjustable acoustic signal
(buzzer) which sounds when the system reverts to
petrol mode either due to low pressure or when a
fault is detected.
emergency gas start
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GAS FILTER
Operating pressure: 0,5 – 3 bar
Max pressure drop (% of inlet): < 10%
Maximum air flow: 60 kg/h
Filtration element: rolled paper
Environment operating temperature: -40 /+120°C
Inlet gas operating temperature: -40/+60°C
Weight: 75 g
Life time CNG use: 20000 km
LPG use: n10000 km
This is located between the regulator and the injector rail and it is used to filter the
gaseous-state LPG. The filter contains a cartridge that guarantees 80-μm. filtering
capacity. The filter contains a 10 cartridge.
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LAMBDA CONTROL SYSTEM (LCS)
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LAMBDA CONTROL SYSTEM LC01
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LAMBDA CONTROL SYSTEM LC01
The system consists of the following components:
1. COMPUTER LCS-LC01
The LCS-LC01 computer is defined as a Stand Alone system for the fact it doesn't interact directly with the petrol system ECU, but it works in
a separate and independent way. The computer processes the signals from the lambda sensor, the ignition input, throttle body angle signal
to manage the correct air/fuel mixture on each engine working condition, by driving the actuator which doses the gas flow at the engine
entry.
The main functions of the LC01 computer are:
Emulation of the correct signal of lambda sensor
A diagnostic and programming system by means of a special Tester-Programme to control mixture and conversion optimization
Petrol starting with automatic switch over to gas in a period of time depending on the environmental and engine conditions by managing
the gas solenoid valve
Actuator driving to adjust the mixture
Managing of different safety devices when the vehicle runs on gas, as for instance a built-in system to cut off petrol injection and an
electronic safety device that cuts off supply to the LPG/natural gas solenoid valves if the engine talls.
2. ACTUATOR
Electromechanical device which doses the gas capacity by turning a step motor controlled by the computer so as to maintain the correct
air/fuel mixture on each engine working condition.
3. LCS-LC01 SWITCH/GAUGE
Electronic component, located inside the interior compartment, whose main functions are:
Gas/petrol selection with 2 positions and gauge for the fuel being used by means of 2 lighting led
Display of the level of gas in the tank by means of 5 led
Diagnosis device
Acoustic indicator (buzzer) - optional.
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Pressure Regulator LI 02
Single aluminum regulator
External HP shut-off valve
Filter integrated in shut-off valve
Service Pressure: 2,5 to 27 bar
Nominal Output Pressure: 0,95 bar
Temperature Range: -20°  120° C
Solenoid Valve Supply: 6  16 Volt
Flow Rate:
Max: 28 Kg/h of LPG
Weight: 1250 g.
Homologation: ECE/ONU R67/01
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Pressure Regulator SE 81
Regulator type: 2 stages with electronic starting device and
vacuum controlled idling
Use: automotive (suitable for vehicles with catalytic
converter, injection, carburetor and turbo-charger)
Note: injection with catalyst should be accompanied by the
LCS PLUS
Type of fluid: LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas)
Heating: Engine cooling circuit liquid
Maximum inlet pressure: 45 bar
First stage adjustment pressure: 0.8 bar
Power supply: 12 V DC
Coil power capacity: 14 W
Versions:
SE 81: up to 100 kW
SE 81 Maggiorato: from 100 kW to 193 kW
SE 81 Super Maggiorato: over 193 kW
SE 81 Turbo: for turbo-charger engines up to 154 kW
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Pressure Regulator SE 81 SIC
Regulator type: 2 stages with electronic starting device
and idling at positive pressure
Use: automotive (suitable for vehicles with catalytic
converter, injection, carburetor and turbo-charger)
Coil power capacity: 18 W
Versions:
SE 81 SIC: up to 100 kW
SE 81 SIC Maggiorato: from 100 kW to 193 kW
SE 81 SIC Super Maggiorato: over 193 kW
SE 81 SIC Turbo: for turbo-charger engines up to 154 kW
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Pressure Regulator Renzomatic
Regulator type: 2 stages with electric starting device and
vacuum controlled idling
Use: automotive (suitable for vehicles with carburetor and
fixed engines)
Versions:
RENZOMATIC: up to 100 kW
RENZOMATIC Oversize: from 100 kW to 193 kW
RENZOMATIC Super Oversize: over 193 kW
RENZOMATIC Without Evaporator: for air-cooled
industrial/stationary engines up to 15 kW
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SWITCH-INDICATOR
Electronic control module with the following functions:
2-positions LPG/gasoline switch and monitoring of the
current fuel in use using two illuminated led. Monitor of
the level of LPG in the tank using 5 illuminated led. The
switch is also equipped by an acoustic signal (buzzer)
This buzzer is switched on when the system is switching
into gasoline mode when a low level of LPG pressure is
detected or a fault into LPG system occurs.
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CONVENTIONAL OR MIXER SYSTEM
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CONVENTIONAL OR MIXER SYSTEM
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PRESSURE REGULATOR EC 04
Regulator type: 2-stage reducer with electronic start-up
device and negative pressure idle
Use: Vehicular application (suitable for vehicles with or
without catalytic converter, fuel injection and carburetor)
Inlet pressure: 45 bar
Versions:
EC 04: up to 100 kW
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SWITCH-INDICATOR- 096M ECO
An electronic control module whose main functions are: Gas/petrol selector with 2
positions and gauge for the fuel being used by means of 2 led; Petrol starting
automatically passing over to gas on deceleration with overlapping; Display of the level of
gas in the tank by means of 5 led; Electronic safety device that cuts off supply to the LPG
solenoid valves if the engine stalls.
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START-PETROL SOLENOID VALVE
This device positioned between the regulator
gas outlet and the mixer cuts off the flow of
LPG during starting and petrol operation.
Available in normal and oversize version, both
equipped with a carburetion adjustment
register
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AIR/FUEL MIXERS
Mechanical devices that, by using the Venturi principle, ensure correct air/fuel mixing in
both stationary and dynamic conditions. Each mixer is designed for a specific vehicle
and, together with the regulator and LCS-LC01 system, provides optimum gas and petrol
operation.
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LPG SOLENOID VALVE
This device is positioned between the tank and
the regulator and cuts off the flow of LPG
during petrol operation and with the engine
switched off. Available in normal and oversize
version, both equipped with an
interchangeable filter for any impurities there
may be in the LPG.
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OBD EMULATORS
During the gas function these electronic
devices interact with the diagnostic Ecu,
emulating the signals that are necessary to
avoid the recording of false errors in the
control unit. In this way the petrol system
works in optimal conditions, avoiding drift and
false errors.
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INJECTORS EMULATORS
During gas operation, these electronic devices
cut off the flow of petrol on cars equipped
with electronic injection and emulate the
signal of the injectors or other sensors. The
emulator model for each car varies depending
on the type of injection system involved in the
conversion.
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Switch-Indicator- 102
An electric control module whose main functions are: Gas/petrol selector with 3 positions and gauge
for the fuel being used by means of 2 led; Gas starting with timed automatic system to enrich the
mixture for starting (primer); the middle position of the switch closes the gas and petrol solenoid
valves at the same time; Display of the level of gas in the tank by means of 5 led.
SWITCH MOD. 102
An electric control module whose main functions are: Gas/petrol selector with 3 positions and fuel
consumption indicators with 2 led; Manual (push-button) gas starting system to enrich the mixture
for starting (primer); the middle position of the switch closes the gas and petrol solenoid valves at
the same time.
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LPG TANK VALVE
Models to fit the LPG tank main types
• Level indicator device
• Operating pressure: 15 bar
• Max Pressure: 67.5 bar
• 80% filling mechanical limiter
• Safety thermal fuse
• Safety overpressure valve
• Weight: 1.09 kg
Homologation: ECE/ONU R67.01
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LPG TANK
Carbon Steel body: DIN EN 10120-97
Operating pressure: 7-15 bar
Temperature Range: -20° C / + 65° C
Max. Pressure: 67.5 bar
Homologation: ECE/ONU R67.01
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Phone: +8801814655360

LPG is also important for use in industrial, commercial, agricultural, horticultural and
manufacturing applications. At home, it can provide us with heating, hot water and
power to cook our food, as well as fuel for our cars. It even powers cogeneration plants!
The main reason for converting to LPG is its superb portability and convenience: it can be
used in remote places where ordinary gas supplies are unavailable. There's a very simple
way to enjoy the benefits of gas even when normal piped supplies are out of reach: you
can convert to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)—a really convenient, super-pressurized gas
stored in liquid form in a tank, canister, or bottle. Let's find out more about how it works!
That doesn't just mean rural homes: large LPG canisters are extremely useful in disasters
and emergencies where supplies of electricity and gas have either been interrupted or
never existed in the first place. Although LPG is a fossil fuel, it's relatively clean compared
to such things as coal and oil (it makes less air pollution—fewer soot particulates,
nitrogen oxides, and sulfur) and produces fewer emissions of carbon dioxide (which
cause global warming).
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Phone: +8801814655360
WRAPPING UP

2/5/2017 69
Phone: +8801814655360
Thank You

LPG

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