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Robotics and Technology
WHAT IS ROBOTICS
• THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY
DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS
THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN
CHARACTERISTICS
• SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS
FIELD
• IT’S USEFUL IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE
What a Robot can mean?
• An automatic industrial
machine replacing the
human in hazardous work.
• An automatic mobile
sweeper machine at a
modern home.
• An automatic toy car for a
child to play with.
• A machine removing mines
in a war field all by itself
and many more…
ROBOTICS
• It is a field of Engineering that covers the
mimicking of human behavior.
• Robotics includes the knowledge of
Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical &
Computer Science Engineering.
Laws of Robotics
The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science
fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
Asimov's Laws of Robotics:
• A robot may not injure a human being, or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings
except where such order would conflict with the First
Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with the First or Second
Law.
Robotics and Technology
WHY ROBOTICS ?
• Speed.
• It can work under
hazardous/dangerous
environment.
• To perform repetitive task.
• Efficiency
• Accuracy
• Adaptability
Types of Robot
• Wheeled
• Legged
• Climbing
• Flying
Structure
• The structure of a robot is usually
mostly mechanical and can be
called a kinematic chain.
• The chain is formed of links (its
bones), actuators (its muscles), and
joints which can allow one or more
degrees of freedom.
Power Supply
• Suitable power supply is needed to run the
motors and associated circuitry
• Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to
24V DC
• 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the
needs of our machine
• Batteries can also be used to run robots
• Robots are driven by different motors :-
o DC Motors
o Stepper Motors
o Servo Motors
• DC Motors
oAs the name
suggests, a motor
which uses a DC
(Direct Current)
power
oCan run in both
directions
oSpeed Controllable
• Stepper Motors
o Used for measured
rotation
o Can be held at a
particular position of
the shaft
o Ideal for many
autonomous robots
requiring higher
precision
• Servo Motors :
o Used in closed loop
control systems in which
work is the control
variable.
o An integral feedback
device (resolver) or
devices (encoder and
tachometer) are either
incorporated within the
servo motor or are
remotely mounted, often
on the load itself
ACTUATION
• Actuators are the "muscles"
of a robot, the parts which
convert stored energy into
movement.
• The most popular actuators
are electric motors.
MANIPULATION
Robots which must work in the real world require
some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify,
destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
Thus the 'hands' of a robot are
often referred to as end
effectors, while the arm is
referred to as a manipulator.
Some manipulators are:
• Mechanical Grippers
• Vacuum Grippers
• General purpose
effectors
MANIPULATION
LOCOMOTION
• It is concerned with the motion
of the robot.
• Robot contains different
types of drives:-
o Differential drive
o Car type
o Skid steer drive
o Synchronous drive
o Pivot drive
o Articulated drive
ADVANTAGES
• Revolution in Medical science and Health care
systems.
• New & wide scope in Education & Training.
• A good help in Nuclear industry.
• Used tremendously in Sports activities.
• Play the role of an efficient assistance in
Research and Development sciences.
• Can very well handle household business.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
• Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain
will exist by 2019 .
• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may
come when computers and robots are smarter than
humans.
• In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of
semi-autonomy, including being able to find power
sources on their own.
• The Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence has researched on this
problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Minimally Invasive Surgery Benefits
• Reduced post-operative discomfort
• Reduced Costs
• Improved access to quality medical care
What has been done:
Minimally Invasive Medical Robotics
proxima
l body
suction
pads
dista
l
body
Heartlander
Surgical instruments
Steerable Needles,
Sonic flashlight,
Virtual Incision
Given Imaging Dario Webster
Tissue Engineering
Cyber knife
ROBOTIC TOOLS AS
SURGEONS
Vision for Medical Robotics
• Blur the boundary between specialist
and surgeon
• Shorter length procedures
• Enable New Procedures
– Natural orifice
– single port access
• Robotic tools, not robotic surgeon
proxima
l body
suction
pads
dista
l
body
Components of ROBOTS
o Structure
o Power source
o Actuation
o Sensing
o Manipulation
o Locomotion
MILITARY USE
• Broadly defined, military robots date back
to World War II and the Cold War in the form of
the German Goliath tracked mines and the
Soviet teletanks and the MQ-1 Predator drone
• The use of robots in warfare, although
traditionally a topic for science fiction, is being
researched as a possible future means of
fighting wars. Already several military robots
have been developed by various armies.
• Some believe the future of modern warfare will
be fought by automated weapons
systems The U.S. Military is investing heavily in
research and development towards testing and
deploying increasingly automated
systemsHowever, weapons of warfare have one
limitation in becoming fully autonomous: there
remain intervention points which requires human
input to ensure that targets are not within
restricted fire areas as defined by for the geneva
conventions laws of war
HAZARDS
• In 2009, academics and technical experts
attended a conference to discuss the impact of the
hypothetical possibility that robots and
computers could become self-sufficient and able
to make their own decisions. They discussed the
possibility and the extent to which computers and
robots might be able to acquire any level of
autonomy, and to what degree they could use
such abilities to possibly pose any threat or
hazard.
Robots used in world war II
Robots in modern warfare and
defense
Robotics and Technology

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Robotics and Technology

  • 2. WHAT IS ROBOTICS • THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS • SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS FIELD • IT’S USEFUL IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE
  • 3. What a Robot can mean? • An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work. • An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home. • An automatic toy car for a child to play with. • A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more…
  • 4. ROBOTICS • It is a field of Engineering that covers the mimicking of human behavior. • Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.
  • 5. Laws of Robotics The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Asimov's Laws of Robotics: • A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such order would conflict with the First Law. • A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
  • 7. WHY ROBOTICS ? • Speed. • It can work under hazardous/dangerous environment. • To perform repetitive task. • Efficiency • Accuracy • Adaptability
  • 8. Types of Robot • Wheeled • Legged • Climbing • Flying
  • 9. Structure • The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain. • The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.
  • 10. Power Supply • Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry • Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC • 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine • Batteries can also be used to run robots • Robots are driven by different motors :- o DC Motors o Stepper Motors o Servo Motors
  • 11. • DC Motors oAs the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power oCan run in both directions oSpeed Controllable
  • 12. • Stepper Motors o Used for measured rotation o Can be held at a particular position of the shaft o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision
  • 13. • Servo Motors : o Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable. o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself
  • 14. ACTUATION • Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement. • The most popular actuators are electric motors.
  • 15. MANIPULATION Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator. Some manipulators are: • Mechanical Grippers • Vacuum Grippers • General purpose effectors
  • 17. LOCOMOTION • It is concerned with the motion of the robot. • Robot contains different types of drives:- o Differential drive o Car type o Skid steer drive o Synchronous drive o Pivot drive o Articulated drive
  • 18. ADVANTAGES • Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems. • New & wide scope in Education & Training. • A good help in Nuclear industry. • Used tremendously in Sports activities. • Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences. • Can very well handle household business.
  • 19. FUTURE PROSPECTS • Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019 . • Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans. • In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own. • The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.
  • 21. Minimally Invasive Surgery Benefits • Reduced post-operative discomfort • Reduced Costs • Improved access to quality medical care
  • 22. What has been done: Minimally Invasive Medical Robotics proxima l body suction pads dista l body Heartlander Surgical instruments Steerable Needles, Sonic flashlight, Virtual Incision Given Imaging Dario Webster Tissue Engineering Cyber knife
  • 24. Vision for Medical Robotics • Blur the boundary between specialist and surgeon • Shorter length procedures • Enable New Procedures – Natural orifice – single port access • Robotic tools, not robotic surgeon proxima l body suction pads dista l body
  • 25. Components of ROBOTS o Structure o Power source o Actuation o Sensing o Manipulation o Locomotion
  • 27. • Broadly defined, military robots date back to World War II and the Cold War in the form of the German Goliath tracked mines and the Soviet teletanks and the MQ-1 Predator drone • The use of robots in warfare, although traditionally a topic for science fiction, is being researched as a possible future means of fighting wars. Already several military robots have been developed by various armies.
  • 28. • Some believe the future of modern warfare will be fought by automated weapons systems The U.S. Military is investing heavily in research and development towards testing and deploying increasingly automated systemsHowever, weapons of warfare have one limitation in becoming fully autonomous: there remain intervention points which requires human input to ensure that targets are not within restricted fire areas as defined by for the geneva conventions laws of war
  • 29. HAZARDS • In 2009, academics and technical experts attended a conference to discuss the impact of the hypothetical possibility that robots and computers could become self-sufficient and able to make their own decisions. They discussed the possibility and the extent to which computers and robots might be able to acquire any level of autonomy, and to what degree they could use such abilities to possibly pose any threat or hazard.
  • 30. Robots used in world war II
  • 31. Robots in modern warfare and defense