The Real Story Of Project Manager/Scrum Master From Where It Came?!
Robotics and Technology
2. WHAT IS ROBOTICS
• THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY
DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS
THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN
CHARACTERISTICS
• SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS
FIELD
• IT’S USEFUL IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE
3. What a Robot can mean?
• An automatic industrial
machine replacing the
human in hazardous work.
• An automatic mobile
sweeper machine at a
modern home.
• An automatic toy car for a
child to play with.
• A machine removing mines
in a war field all by itself
and many more…
4. ROBOTICS
• It is a field of Engineering that covers the
mimicking of human behavior.
• Robotics includes the knowledge of
Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical &
Computer Science Engineering.
5. Laws of Robotics
The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science
fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
Asimov's Laws of Robotics:
• A robot may not injure a human being, or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings
except where such order would conflict with the First
Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with the First or Second
Law.
7. WHY ROBOTICS ?
• Speed.
• It can work under
hazardous/dangerous
environment.
• To perform repetitive task.
• Efficiency
• Accuracy
• Adaptability
9. Structure
• The structure of a robot is usually
mostly mechanical and can be
called a kinematic chain.
• The chain is formed of links (its
bones), actuators (its muscles), and
joints which can allow one or more
degrees of freedom.
10. Power Supply
• Suitable power supply is needed to run the
motors and associated circuitry
• Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to
24V DC
• 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the
needs of our machine
• Batteries can also be used to run robots
• Robots are driven by different motors :-
o DC Motors
o Stepper Motors
o Servo Motors
11. • DC Motors
oAs the name
suggests, a motor
which uses a DC
(Direct Current)
power
oCan run in both
directions
oSpeed Controllable
12. • Stepper Motors
o Used for measured
rotation
o Can be held at a
particular position of
the shaft
o Ideal for many
autonomous robots
requiring higher
precision
13. • Servo Motors :
o Used in closed loop
control systems in which
work is the control
variable.
o An integral feedback
device (resolver) or
devices (encoder and
tachometer) are either
incorporated within the
servo motor or are
remotely mounted, often
on the load itself
14. ACTUATION
• Actuators are the "muscles"
of a robot, the parts which
convert stored energy into
movement.
• The most popular actuators
are electric motors.
15. MANIPULATION
Robots which must work in the real world require
some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify,
destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
Thus the 'hands' of a robot are
often referred to as end
effectors, while the arm is
referred to as a manipulator.
Some manipulators are:
• Mechanical Grippers
• Vacuum Grippers
• General purpose
effectors
17. LOCOMOTION
• It is concerned with the motion
of the robot.
• Robot contains different
types of drives:-
o Differential drive
o Car type
o Skid steer drive
o Synchronous drive
o Pivot drive
o Articulated drive
18. ADVANTAGES
• Revolution in Medical science and Health care
systems.
• New & wide scope in Education & Training.
• A good help in Nuclear industry.
• Used tremendously in Sports activities.
• Play the role of an efficient assistance in
Research and Development sciences.
• Can very well handle household business.
19. FUTURE PROSPECTS
• Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain
will exist by 2019 .
• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may
come when computers and robots are smarter than
humans.
• In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of
semi-autonomy, including being able to find power
sources on their own.
• The Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence has researched on this
problem.
21. Minimally Invasive Surgery Benefits
• Reduced post-operative discomfort
• Reduced Costs
• Improved access to quality medical care
22. What has been done:
Minimally Invasive Medical Robotics
proxima
l body
suction
pads
dista
l
body
Heartlander
Surgical instruments
Steerable Needles,
Sonic flashlight,
Virtual Incision
Given Imaging Dario Webster
Tissue Engineering
Cyber knife
24. Vision for Medical Robotics
• Blur the boundary between specialist
and surgeon
• Shorter length procedures
• Enable New Procedures
– Natural orifice
– single port access
• Robotic tools, not robotic surgeon
proxima
l body
suction
pads
dista
l
body
25. Components of ROBOTS
o Structure
o Power source
o Actuation
o Sensing
o Manipulation
o Locomotion
27. • Broadly defined, military robots date back
to World War II and the Cold War in the form of
the German Goliath tracked mines and the
Soviet teletanks and the MQ-1 Predator drone
• The use of robots in warfare, although
traditionally a topic for science fiction, is being
researched as a possible future means of
fighting wars. Already several military robots
have been developed by various armies.
28. • Some believe the future of modern warfare will
be fought by automated weapons
systems The U.S. Military is investing heavily in
research and development towards testing and
deploying increasingly automated
systemsHowever, weapons of warfare have one
limitation in becoming fully autonomous: there
remain intervention points which requires human
input to ensure that targets are not within
restricted fire areas as defined by for the geneva
conventions laws of war
29. HAZARDS
• In 2009, academics and technical experts
attended a conference to discuss the impact of the
hypothetical possibility that robots and
computers could become self-sufficient and able
to make their own decisions. They discussed the
possibility and the extent to which computers and
robots might be able to acquire any level of
autonomy, and to what degree they could use
such abilities to possibly pose any threat or
hazard.