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2. Economical thought is rich in different approaches to defining the notion of
entrepreneurship, its being, its role, its dimensions, its contribution to
generating economic growth, and the like. In addition to being one of the major
political, economic, media and social issues, entrepreneurship is a subject of
interest in many sciences, mostly social, especially: economics, psychology,
sociology, law, and anthropology, each from its own specific discourse. Their
interest in entrepreneurship stems from the knowledge that civilization is a
certain product of entrepreneurship and the result of individual and group
activities changing the world and creating change, as well as the expectation that
this century will be a further expansion of entrepreneurship explosion. In a
world where ideas are driven by economics, it is not surprising that innovations
in entrepreneurship are most often seen as an inseparable whole - with the
reduction the meanings of comparative advantages of material resources (land,
raw materials, energy) increasingly rise the role of knowledge in achieving
competitive advantages and generating economic growth. In this context, it is
important to investigate the reasons that lead to re-actualization of the role of
entrepreneurship in the global economy, hence the research of the connectivity
of entrepreneurship and economic growth. It is fairly difficult to answer a
relatively simple question: who are entrepreneurs and what entrepreneurship
is. Etymologically observed, entrepreneurship is the ability to initiate a specific
action, take action to achieve the desired goal, thereby delivering readiness to
combat obstacles, including readiness to outcome uncertainty and risk. Ideas
that interpret the lives of modern economy and modern entrepreneurship have
formed long and gradually, and the diversity of approaches to explaining the
phenomenon of entrepreneurship is a product of the historical epochs in which
people acted. Entrepreneurship is not a new phenomenon - it existed
throughout history in all epochs, with only the various "rules of the game" that
dictated certain historical formation.
In addition to the "high level" entrepreneurship, there is no less important
entrepreneurship - "low level" entrepreneurship, carriers of innovative
individuals and innovative small businesses. Since the use of the term
innovation is very broad, some of the modern entrepreneurial theorists
approach innovation as the form in which entrepreneurship is manifested not
only with the essential fundamental change but also with the introduction of a
partial change resulting in the launch of a new business or the provision of a
new product or service.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISSERTATION EXAMPLE
3. On the difficulty of conceptual determination of entrepreneurship and the
presupposition of approach that entrepreneurship uses as a synonym for
enterprise and management. Entrepreneurship is conceptually linked to:
respecting entrepreneurial opportunities and promoting entrepreneurial
initiatives (risk management, action orientation, short-term decision making,
business flexibility), strategic business orientation or strategic planning (changes
in technology, organization, market adaptation and competition, emphasizing
social values), affirming management structures (coordination of key business
activities and functions, changes in the system of ownership control, greater
independence and self-reliance of employees), changing control mechanisms of
production factors (replacing long-term control mechanisms with increased
specialization and professionalization, starting from competitive pressures on
efficient resource use and risk reduction). In Peter Drucker's view, the essence
of entrepreneurship is contained in the creation of a new organization capable
of profitable business and self-sustainability. Entrepreneurship commands "to
do something differently and not to do something better than what is already
there", which separates it from the routine management of resource allocation
tasks in enterprises. In this context, the main determinants of entrepreneurial
behavior are manifested: seeking for change, responding to changes and using
changes as favorable opportunities. Innovations are, according to Drucker,
specific tools that enable entrepreneurs to use developmental opportunities as a
convenience to initiate different tasks. Entrepreneurs are instructed to
investigate the purpose of such sources of change and their symptoms, and to
evaluate the success opportunities that point to the possibility of realizing
innovation, while possessing the knowledge of how to successfully innovate in
practice. In a wide range of potential entrepreneurial meanings, it can be seen
as: a special economic function of combining production factors and enhancing
existing potential, creative process and turning inventions into innovation, the
process of self-employment and start-up of own business, the creation and
development of small businesses, visionary activity and creative changes that
have a crucial role in the transformation and renewal of society, specific
interest, the way of materializing creative products, taking over business risk,
finding and using new opportunities, one of the role of management and
specific forms of behavior.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISSERTATION EXAMPLE
4. Entrepreneurship can identify elements of business search that entrepreneurs
do not take into consideration, the resources that are available to them and
control them, but to any resource in a combination that they see their chance.
Entrepreneurs identify the possibilities of realizing the ventures, gather and
merge the necessary resources, plan and act in a timely and flexible manner. In
this way, as Wennekers and Thurik show, entrepreneurship puts new business
rigors and opportunities in the focus of their interest, including the
implementation of new ideas on the market. Contemporary approaches to
entrepreneurship start from observing entrepreneurial activities based on the
analysis of factors that determine the level of entrepreneurship and synthesize
the determinants of macro-enterprise entrepreneurship. The deeply aware
multidimensionality of the entrepreneurial process (the definition of which
most often depends on the focus of the conducted research) and the starting
point for no generally accepted definition of entrepreneurship, Ingrid Verheul
et al., point to the significantly altered social and economic context of
contemporary entrepreneurship. Today's entrepreneurship is the bearer of a
permanent entrepreneurial innovation that rebuilds, transforms and encourages
the development of economies around the world - it generates:
- Emergence of new business ventures,
- Opening up a number of new jobs, and
- Renewing the "fresh blood" of national economies, providing them with
vitality, innovative products and services, and thus increasing their chances for
general social, cultural and social progress.
It is estimated that more than 460 million people worldwide are involved in the
activities of launching new business ventures or are owners of new business
managers. The dynamism of entrepreneurship is also illustrated by the fact that
in the United States alone, more than a thousand new business ventures are
born every hour on every business day. It is well known that social, cultural and
political conditions play an important role in shaping the general living
conditions in a country (social norms and behaviors, levels of democratization,
degree of education, political stability, entrepreneurship and perception of
entrepreneurs etc.), including conditions for to achieve national economic
growth. The starting point of the presented model is that the economic growth
of individual national economies, which is under the strong influence of
cultural, political and social factors, is the result of the action of two different
but complementary mechanisms with interrelated activities:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISSERTATION EXAMPLE
5. 1. Mechanisms that stimulate economic growth - generated by the most
important and well-established and established companies - regardless of
whether they are in large (primary economics) or micro, small or medium-sized
enterprises (secondary economics). Large companies are developing not only on
the national but very often global scale, contributing significantly to the
prosperity and growth of their national economies. Increasing the growth of
these companies and expanding their business will increase demand for
products and services of national economies, including increased market
prospects for numerous micro, small and medium-sized businesses. Along with
the general operating conditions on the world stage, the success of the total
number of observed national enterprise categories is determined by the national
context in which they operate.
2. Mechanisms that also greatly contribute to economic growth - which
generate an entrepreneurial process that emphasizes and promotes the role of
entrepreneurship in the establishment and growth of new businesses and other
forms of organizing entrepreneurial activities. Within this part of the model, it is
possible to observe that, in addition to the general national conditions, the
entrepreneurial process and the expansion of new companies also have special
conditions - conditions of entrepreneurial activity.
REFERENCES
Bygrave, W. D., & Zacharakis, A. (2003). Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship, New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Drucker, P. F. (1986). Innovation and Entrepreneurship, New York: Harper
Business.
Kjellman, A., & Ehrsten, M. (2005). A Theory of Homo Entrepreneurs, The
Emergence of Entrepreneurial Economics, Research on Innovation,
Management and Policy, Vol. 9, London: Elsevier Science.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISSERTATION EXAMPLE