IN THIS SLIDE ,RAPD, AFLP AND RFLP ANALYSIS ARE GIVEN IN A VERY UNDERSTANDABLE MANNER

1. MADE BY:
PRATEEK KUMAR
MSC BIOINFORMATICS

2. Gene of known function and location
Gene that allows studying the inheritance of that gene
Genetic information resides in the genome
Genetic Marker
Any phenotypic difference controlled by genes, that can be
used for studying recombination processes or selection of a more
or less closely associated target gene
Anything in the genome that is variable and can be used to
compare individuals
Detectable allelic variation on a chromosome can be a
phenotype, can also be a unique detectable sequence of DNA

3. Marker is a piece of DNA
molecule that is
associated with a certain
trait of a organism
Types of
Markers
Morphological
Biochemical Genetic
Chromosomal

4. Animals are selected based on
appearance
Eg. PIGMENTATION
Disadvantage: lack of polymorphism

5. Animals are selected based on biochemical
properties
Eg. Hb, AMYLASE, BLOOD GROUPS ETC.
Disadvantage:
Sex limited
Age dependent
Influenced by environment
It covers less than 10% of genome

6. Animals are selected based on
structural & numerical variations
Eg. Structural and Numerical Variations
Structural- Deletions, Insertions etc.
Numerical- Trisomy, Monosomy, Nullysomy
Disadvantage: low polymorphism

8.  Organism can be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of their
DNA.
Technique is mainly based on the special enzyme called Restriction Endonucleases.
In RFLP restriction enzyme digested DNA is resolved by gel electrophoresis and then
blotted to a nitro cellulose membrane.
Specific binding pattern can be visualized by hybridization with labeled probe.
Different size or length of restriction fragments are produced such polymorphism
are used to distinguish plant species, genotype etc.