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ART HISTORY
ART HISTORY TIMELINE
Renaissance
1200
Cubism
Impressionism
Gothic
1400 1600
Baroque
1700
Rococo
1860
Neoclassism
1750
Post-Impressionism
1898 1905 1908
(Classicism)
(Classicism)
Fauvism &
Expressionism
1910 1913 1916 1924 1950 1958 1960 1978
Abstract Art
Constructivism
Dadaism
Surrealism
Optical Art
Pop Art
Conceptual Art
Minimalism
Digital Art
RENAISSANCE
•This movement began in Italy in the 14th century.
•Began in northern Italy and then spread through Europe.
•RENAISSANCE literally means rebirth in French.
•This art reflected back to the classical time of Rome and Greece.
•Oil painting on canvas started.
•Paintings took on three dimensions by the use of shadow and
light.
•Artists tried to show differences in proportions (meaning
size and location of one thing compared to another in the
painting) of their subject matter.
Renaissance Artists
• Leonardo Da Vinci (Painter & Sculptor)
• Michelangelo (Painter & Sculptor)
• Raphael (Painter)
• Rembrandt (Painter)
• Sandro Botticelli (Painter)
• Donatello (Sculptor)
RENAISSANCE PAINTINGS
RENAISSANCE PAINTINGS
RENAISSANCE
Interesting fact
Women seen in renaissance paintings are always portrayed as prostitutes or
as a virtuous woman.
Italian women fashion was to be
Plump. FAT is IN !
They shaved their eyebrows
RENAISSANCE Home
PROFILE
Leonardo Da Vinci
Real name =Leonardo di ser Piero da
Vinci
means Leonardo the son of Piero da
vinci
D.O.B = April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519
Italy
scientist, mathematician, inventor, pa
inter, sculptor, architect, musician
and writer .
He is the FATHER of Renaissance
artists.
Left-handed and wrote in mirror
images .
Rumoured to have relationships with
his male pupils. – Homosexual
Died of old age
RENAISSANCE
Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa or ―La Gioconda‖, 1517
Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm
Spent 4 years to paint Mona Lisa
It was a famous painting during the
Renaissance period but it became
even more famous in 1911.
WHY?
It was stolen by an Italian.
It resurfaced two years later in
Florence.
In 1956, an acid attempt damaged the
lower half of the painting.
RENAISSANCE
Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa or ―La Gioconda”
Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm (30 x 20 7/8 in)
Behind the painting
•The left finger was not completely
finished
•The elbow was repaired from
damage due to a rock thrown at the
painting in 1956.
•Beneath this painting are 3 different
versions of the painting.
RENAISSANCE
Leonardo Da Vinci
He painted it on the back wall of
the dining hall at the Dominican
convent of Sta Maria delle
Grazie in Italy.
Behind the painting
•The Knife one of the disciple is
holding.
•Is there a girl among the 12
supposedly male disciples?
The last Supper, 1495-1498
RENAISSANCE
The last Supper, 1495-1498
RENAISSANCE
Sandro Botticelli
Real name was Alessandro
Mariano di Vanni Filipepi
1445 – May 17, 1510 Italy
Known for his religious pictures
but his most famous works were
paintings of mythological creatures
and gods from ancient Greek and
Roman stories.
Not married. Afraid of it
Rumoured to be homosexual.
2 most famous paintings are
Primavera and The birth of venus.
RENAISSANCE
Sandro Botticelli
Primavera, 1482
RENAISSANCE
Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus, 1485
•Venus is said to be a rich married
woman whom Botticelli liked
RENAISSANCE
Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus, 1485
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
Full name: Michelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni
D.O.B: 6 Mar 1475 – 18 Feb 1564, Italy
Painter, sculptor, engineer, architect,
poet.
Rival: Da Vinci
He was not married.
He liked the beauty of man. Most of his
Art works portrayed men.
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
Pietà, 1499
•Sitting in St. Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
•Art work depicts the body of Jesus
on the lap of his mother Mary after
the Crucifix
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
David - about 5.17m tall
Gigantic marble,
1501 - 1504
•This statue represent David before
the battle with Goliath.
•It was built to commemorate the
independence of the Florentine
Republic
•Standing in the Piazza della
Signoria, the entrance to the
Palazzo Vecchi City, Italy.
•Sculpture was moved in 1873 to
the Accademia Gallery in Florence.
•Too many duplicates because it is
famous.
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
Replica of DAVID
•symbol of both strength and
youthful human beauty
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
The Last Judgment, 1531-1545
1370 × 1200 cm
Took 6 years to complete the Altar
wall of the Sistine Chapel.
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
Creation of Adam, 1511
480 × 230 cm
•Painted on the ceiling of
the famous Sistine Chapel.
•Illustrates the Biblical story
which God the Father breathes
life into Adam.
RENAISSANCE
Michelangelo
Interior of
the Sistine Chapel
at Vatican City, Rome
IMPRESSIONISM KEY DATES: 1867-1886
•A French 19th century art movement which marked a momentous break
from tradition in European painting.
•The Impressionists incorporated new scientific research into the physics
of colour to achieve a more exact representation of colour and tone.
•Impressionist art is a style in which the artist captures the image of an
object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it.
•They paint the pictures with a lot of color and most of their pictures
are outdoor scenes. Their pictures are very bright and vibrant.
IMPRESSIONISM PAINTINGS
IMPRESSIONISTS
• Claude Monet
• Camille Pissarro
• Edgar Degas
• Edouard Manet
• Pierre Renoir
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
Full name: Claude Oscar Monet
D.O.B: 1840-1926, Paris
ran into financial difficulties and
attempted suicide in 1868
Well-known for landscape painting
especially nature.
Suffered from Cataracts
Died of lung cancer
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
Bridge over a Pool of Water Lilies
1899
a series of approximately 250 oil
paintings of water lilies.
In 2007, one of Monet's water
lily paintings sold for £18.5
million.
In 2008, another of Monet’s
water lily painting sold for £ 41
million
His good friends were Pissarro,
Cézanne, Renoir, Sisley, and
Bazille
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
Branch of the Seine near Giverny,
1897Pappeln on the Epte,
1900
IMPRESSIONISM
Water-Lilies, 1908
Water Lilies, 1920-1926
NYMPHÉAS AVEC REFLETS DE HAUTES
HERBES, 1914-17
oil on canvas
130 by 200cm.
$14,137M
LE GIVRE À GIVERNY,1885
oil on canvas
54 by 71cm.
$13,785M
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas
Full name: Hilaire-Germain-
Edgar De Gas
D.O.B: 1834 –1917, Paris
One of the main founder of
Impressionism.
Well-known for portrait,
dancers and female nudes
Paintings.
Suffered eye problem
Friends called him eccentric.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas
La famille Bellelli
Portrait de famille
1858 -1867
• Studied Art by doing copying
Painting at Louve Museum
• Extremely sensitive to bright
light and experienced a loss
of vision in his right eye
• lost a significant part of his
central vision by aged 40
• Had to stopped doing Art by
aged 57
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas
Dancing Examination. 1874 The Absinthe Drinker
1875-1876
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre Auguste Renoir
Full name: Pierre Auguste Renoir
D.O.B: 1841 – 1919, France
often focusing on people in
intimate and candid compositions
Painting nude was one of his
primary subjects
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre Auguste Renoir
•Known for his vibrant light and
saturated color, most often
focusing on people in intimate
and candid compositions
•Discovered that the color of
shadows is not brown or
black, but the reflected color
of the objects surrounding
them.
•Best friend is Claude Monet.
1876 Dance at Le Moulin
de la Galette
Most famous painting
Pierre Auguste Renoir
Le déjeuner des canotiers
(The Boating party)
Painted in 1881
Mdm. Charpentier and her children,
1878
Artist: Paul Cézanne
Date Painted: 1892/93
Art Style: Oil on Canvas
Sold To: Royal Family of Qatar Price (Date of Sale): $259-$320M (April 2011)
Adjusted Price Today: ~ $268.1 Million
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Post- Impressionism extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations:
• Use vivid colours
• Thick application of paint
• Distinctive brush strokes
•Use real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric
forms to distort form for expressive effect
• Use unnatural or arbitrary colour (not realistic colours of the object)
POST-IMPRESSIONISTS
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Paul Gauguin
• Paul Cézanne
• George Seurat
• Henri Rousseau
• Paul Signac
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
Full name: Vincent Willhem Van
Gogh
D.O.B: 1853 – 1890, Netherlands
Considered as Dutch Post-
Impressionist and the pioneer of
Expressionist.
Known to be eccentric. Did not
communicate with his family other
than his younger brother, Theo.
He wrote more than 600 letters to
him.
produced more than 2,000 artworks,
consisting of around 900 paintings
and 1,100 drawings and sketches
Vincent Van Gogh
•Three brothers, and three
sisters
•A medicine which blurred his
colour vision. – Yellow & Gold
•This is the only painting which
Van Gogh sold throughout his
Life when he was still alive
as an artist.
"The Red Vineyard"
Painted in1888
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
•Eccentric behaviour started
After he got rejected by his long
Distant cousin.
•Found a gf who is a prostitute.
•Wore ragged, unwashed clothing,
Painted peasants.
"The Potato Eaters―
Painted in 1885
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
Argued with his best friend,
Gauguin, cut off his ear and
gave it to a prostitute friend.
Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear
Painted in 1889
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
He painted this during his
Depression period, outside
The mental hospital which
He stayed before.
Starry starry night
1889
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
One of his last paintings which
he completed in late July 1890.
After a few days later, Van Gogh
went for a walk and shot himself
in the chest.
"Wheat Field With Crows―
1890
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
$90M $82.5M
$82.9M
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Paul Gauguin
Full name: Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin
D.O.B: 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903, Paris
Married but wad driven out of the
house
Depression and attempted suicide
Friend with Vincent Van Gogh
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Paul Gauguin
Always arguing with Van Gogh
Was the cause of Van Gogh cutting his
ear
Speak ill of the government and was
sentenced to prison.
Suffered from Syphilis
Died of overdose of Morphine & heart
Attack before serving in prison
Vincent van Gogh Painting Sun Flowers
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Still Life With Teapot And Fruit
The Guitar Player
FAUVISM
• Began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910
• Fauves mean ―Wild Beasts‖ in French.
• Experimenting a new way of using pure, vivid colours
• Go against the traditional Art technique like Impressionism.
• Blocks and dashes of colours not seen in nature, juxtaposed
with
other unnatural colours in a frenzy of emotion
• Started with Henri Matisse and André Derain
FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM
FAUVISM ARTISTS
• Henri Matisse
• André Derain
• Maurice de Vlaminck
• Albert Marque
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse
• Full name: Henri-Émile-Benoît
Matisse
• D.O.B: 31 December 1869 – 3
November 1954, France
• Believed absolutely in colour as an
emotional force
• Married
• Later artworks were controversial
(public disagreed)
• Died of Cancer
FAUVISM
Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat), 1905
• First painting to be exhibited at
Salon d'Automne (Autumn Salon)
• Marked a stylistic change from
the regulated brushstrokes to a
more expressive individual style
• Non-naturalistic colours and
loose brushwork, which
contributed to a sketchy or
"unfinished" quality
FAUVISM
Portrait of Madame Matisse - Green Line, 1905
Harmony in Red
FAUVISM
• Changed to collage because of
his illness
FAUVISM
André Derain
• Full name: André Derain
• D.O.B: 10 June 1880 – 8 September
1954, France
• Suffered from eye illness
• Was knocked down by a vehicle
FAUVISM
Charing Cross Bridge, 1906
FAUVISM
The Turning Road, L'Estaque, 1906
• Juxtaposing extreme
colours such as red
and green, blue and
orange
EXPRESSIONISM
• Use of intense colour, short brushstrokes, distortion, exaggeration.
• Artistic style in the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional
effect.
• Expressionism is to express the artist's own representation of his or her
world
EXPRESSIONISTS
• Edvard Munch
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
• Wassily Kandinsky
• Franz Marc
• Francis Bacon
• Affandi
Edvard Munch
Full name: Edvard Munch
D.O.B: 1863 – 1944, Norway
Edvard’s mother died of
tuberculosis in 1868
His favourite sis died of
tuberculosis in 1877.
Another sis suffered from mental
illness.
Brother died a few months after his
wedding.
His father died in 1889.
EXPRESSIONISM
Edvard Munch
The Scream, 1893
•Tragic family history.
•(Everyone in the family died)
•The first Western artist to have
his pictures exhibited at the
National Gallery in Beijing.
•The Scream painting was stolen
in 1994 but was restored after a
few years.
EXPRESSIONISM
Edvard Munch
Death in the Sickroom. 1895
Collection of 1,100 paintings,
4,500 drawings and 18000
prints, as well as
woodcuts, etchings, lithograp
hs, lithographic
stones, woodcut
blocks, copperplates and
photographs
EXPRESSIONISM
$121.3M
Francis Bacon Full name: Francis Bacon
D.O.B: 28 October 1909 – 28 April
1992, Ireland
Started to cross dress at 15
Worked to support himself
(cooking, selling women’s clothes)
Was sexually attracted to his father
Attracted to old and young men
Influenced by Pablo Picasso
Human suffering, solitude and
isolation, anxiety, horror and
tragedy, sex, violence and death
Died of heart failure
EXPRESSIONISM
Crucifixion, 1944
EXPRESSIONISM
Self-portrait
EXPRESSIONISM
Triptych, 1973
EXPRESSIONISM
$142.4M (MOST EXPENSIVE PAINTING)
Franz Marc
EXPRESSIONISM
Full name: Franz Marc
D.O.B: Feb 8,1880 – Mar 4,1916,
Germany
Bright primary colours
Influenced by Cubism
Blue was used to portray
masculinity and spirituality
Yellow represented feminine joy
Red represented the sound of
violence.
Died at 36
Red Deer I
Sold for $3.3m USD in 1998
EXPRESSIONISM
The Waterfall
Sold for $5.06m USD in 1999
EXPRESSIONISM
Red Horse
Blue Horse I
CUBISM KEY DATES: 1908-1914
•The Cubism movement began in Paris around 1907.
•Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
•Cubists broke from centuries of tradition in their painting.
•In cubist artworks, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an
abstracted form.
CUBISM
• Pablo Picasso
• Georges Braque
• Malevich
• Leger
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
Full name: Pablo Diego José
Francisco de Paula Juan
Nepomuceno María de los Remedios
Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad
Ruiz y Picasso
D.O.B: 1881 - 1973, Spain
One of the main founder of Cubism
His artworks were divided into
Blue Period (1901–1904)
Rose Period (1905–1907)
African-influenced Period (1908–1909)
Analytic Cubism (1909–1912)
Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919)
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
Girl with a mandolin
1910
Paulo (4 February 1921 – 5
June 1975) (Born Paul
Joseph Picasso) — with
Olga Khokhlova
Maia (5 September 1935 – )
(Born Maria de la
Concepcion Picasso) — with
Marie-Thérèse Walter
Claude (15 May 1947 –)
(Born Claude Pierre Pablo
Picasso) — with Françoise
Gilot
Paloma (19 April 1949 – )
(Born Anne Paloma
Picasso) — with Françoise
Gilot
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
Guitar Player
1910
Produced about 50,000,
comprising 1,885 paintings;
1,228 sculptures; 2,880
ceramics, roughly 12,000
drawings, many thousands of
prints
$155M
$95.2M
DADAISM
• Considered Anti-Art
• Rumoured to be formed because of World War I
• Rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition
Early 1910s
DADAISM & SURREALISM ARTISTS
• Marcel Duchamp
• Max Ernst
• de Chirico
• Frida Kahlo
• Salvador Dalí
• Rene Magritte
DADISM
Marchel Duchamp
Full name: Marcel Duchamp
D.O.B: 28 Jul 1887 – 2 Oct 1968,
France
Decided to do Anti-Art works after
WORLD WAR
Died in his sleep
DADAISM
Marcel Duchamp
Video
DADAISM
Marcel Duchamp
SURREALISM
•The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected
juxtapositions and absurd.
•Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the
subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork
logically comprehensible.
•Involves Psychology
Early 1920s
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
Full name: Salvador Domingo Felipe
Jacinto Dalí i Domènech
Took his brother’s name because he
died before Dali was born
D.O.B: May 11 1904 – January 23
1989, Spain
Eccentric personality
Famous feature – Starched
moustache
Obsessed with Hitler and dreamed
Hitler was a woman
Known for the striking and bizarre
images in his surrealist work.
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
Painter, Photographer, Sculptor,
and does video too.
Suffered from Parkinson disease.
Right hand trembles rapidly due to
his senile wife who fed him overdose
of medicine
Attempted suicide after his wife died
Forced to sign blank canvas
Died of Heart failure
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
Best known painting – on the left
After entertaining guests in the
evening, Dalí sat at the table looking
upon the soft, half melted
Camembert cheese.
Suddenly the idea of melting
watches came to him and he
immediately got to work.
The Persistence of Memory, 1931
SURREALISM
II VOLTO DI MAE WEST
1934-1935
The Hallucinogenic Toreador
1968
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
Still Life Moving Fast
1956
Did you know?
This logo was created by
Dali.
SURREALISM
René François Magritte
Full name: René François Ghislain
Magritte
D.O.B: 21 Nov 1898 – 15 Aug 1967,
Belgium
Made fake painting of Picasso’s
works and sell them
The titles of his works are random,
crazy and weird. Sometimes his
friends title the paintings he created
Successful surrealist but was never
Fully accepted in Paris
Mother drowned herself and the
image of her face covered by the
wet nightdress haunted him
SURREALISM
René François Magritte
Well known for a number of witty
and amusing images.
Magritte's simplicity is misleading.
Chose ordinary things to construct
his works - trees, chairs, tables,
doors, windows, shoes, shelves,
landscapes, people…etc
Work frequently contains a
juxtaposition of objects or an
unusual context giving new
meanings to familiar things.
Died of cancer.
Time Transfixed, 1938
SURREALISM
René François Magritte
Golconde , 1953
The Son of Man, 1964
SURREALISM
The Lovers, 1928
La-Thérapeute, 1941,
ABSTRACT ART
KEY DATES: 1910
Abstract art generally means art that does not depict
objects in the natural world, but instead uses colour
and form in a non-representational way.
ABSTRACT ART
• Jackson Pollock
• Mark Rothko
• Piet Mondrian
• Willem de Kooning
ABSTRACT ART
Jackson Pollock
Full name: Paul Jackson
Pollock
D.O.B: 28 Jan, 1912 – 11 Aug
1956, America
Founder of Abstract
expressionist.
Died in a drinking car crash
accident
ABSTRACT ART
Jackson Pollock
•Started the "drip" technique
by dripping paint on the
canvas which was laid on the
floor.
•Used hardened brushes,
sticks and syringes to paint.
•He would poke a hole in the
bottom of a tin can of paint to
drip. Pollock's technique of
pouring and dripping paint is
thought to be one of the
origins of the term
―Action painting‖.
ABSTRACT ART
Number 1, l948Number 4, l950
$58.3m
ABSTRACT ART
Mark Rothko
Full name: Marcus Yakovlevich
Rothkowitz
D.O.B: 25 Sep 1903 –25 Feb
1970, Russia
Moved to USA when he was
young.
Believed that his painting
Speaks for itself.
ABSTRACT ART
Mark Rothko
White over Red
1957
•Rothko was suffered from
depression.
•He had a prickly
temperament, drank
heavily and took hypnotic
pills.
•Had 2 failed marriages
•Committed suicide
ABSTRACT ART
Mark Rothko
Orange and Yellow, 1956 Yellow, Red, Red, 1954
$24M
$161M
ABSTRACT ART
Piet Mondrian
Full name: Pieter Cornelis "Piet"
Mondriaa
D.O.B: 7 Mar, 1872 – 1 Feb, 1944
Netherlands
Started as a Post-impressionist
Paintings were mainly
influenced by Abstract and
Neoplasticism.
Neoplasticism is the belief of
having horizontal and vertical
lines of Primary colours.
Died of pneumonia
ABSTRACT ART
Piet Mondrian
Composition of red, yellow
and blue
1930
•This painting was duplicated and
it can be found in Singapore.
•A 17-story condominium was
launched in Singapore in April
2007 with the
name "Parc Mondrian‖
ABSTRACT ART
Piet Mondrian
―Composition with red, yellow blue and
black―
1921
Broadway Boogie Woogie
1942 -1943
POP ART
• Popular Art movement used common everyday objects
to portray elements of popular culture, primarily images
in advertising and television in the western countries.
• Originated in England in the 1950s and traveled
overseas to the United States during the 1960s.
• Reflecting the affluence in post-war society.
• Most prominent in American art. In celebrating everyday
objects such as soup cans, washing powder, comic
strips and soda pop bottles, the movement turned the
commonplace into icons.
1958 - 1975
POP ART
• Andy Warhol
• Roy Lichtenstein
• Richard Hamilton
• Jasper Johns
• Keith Harrings
POP ART
Andy Warhol
Full name: Andrew Warhola
D.O.B: 6 Aug, 1928 – 22 Feb 1987,
America
Discovered Blotted-line Technique.
Tape two pieces of blank paper together
and then draw in ink on one page.
Before the ink dried, he would press the
two pieces of paper together.
The result was a picture with irregular
lines that he would color in with
watercolor.
Famous for retrospective design.
POP ART
Andy Warhol
Campbell’s Soup, 1968
Made paintings of famous
American products like Campbell
Soup, Coca-Cola, Marilyn
Monroe…etc
Campbell Soup is his most famous
painting.
This painting was
sold for
$1000USD.
POP ART
Turquoise Marilyn 1962
POP ART
Self-portrait
POP ART
Mickey Mouse
POP ART
Guess how much does
this cost?
$100 million USD
POP ART
Roy Lichtenstein
Full name: Roy Fox Lichtenstein
D.O.B: 27 Oct, 1923 –29 Sept, 1997,
America
Works showed about pop art
through Parody
Heavily influenced by both popular
advertising and the comic book
style.
POP ART
Whaam!
1963
POP ART
Girl with hair ribbon
1965
Drowning Girl
1963
$16.2M (USD)2005 $42.6M (USD)2010
$56.1M (USD)2013
Surrealism
Salvador Dali
René François Magritte
Renaissance
Leonardo Da Vinci
Sandro Botticelli
Michelangelo
Cubism
Georges Braque
Pablo Picasso
Paul Cezanne
Paul Klee
Expressionism
Edvard Munch
Franz Marc
Francis Bacon
Marc Chagall
Impressionism
Claude Monet
Edgar Degas
Pierre Auguste Renoir
Camille Pissarro
Pop Art
Andy Warhol
Roy Lichtenstein
Richard Hamilton
Jasper Johns
Keith Harrings
Abstract Art
Jackson Pollock
Mark Rothko
Piet Mondrian
Post- Impressionism
Vincent Van Gogh
Paul Gauguin
Paul Cézanne
George Seurat
Henri Rousseau
Paul Signac
Fauvism
Henri Matisse
Andre Derain
American Gothic, 1930 – Grant Wood (Pop Art)
American Gothic
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884 - Georges Seurat (Post-Impressionism)
European Art History

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European Art History

  • 2. ART HISTORY TIMELINE Renaissance 1200 Cubism Impressionism Gothic 1400 1600 Baroque 1700 Rococo 1860 Neoclassism 1750 Post-Impressionism 1898 1905 1908 (Classicism) (Classicism) Fauvism & Expressionism 1910 1913 1916 1924 1950 1958 1960 1978 Abstract Art Constructivism Dadaism Surrealism Optical Art Pop Art Conceptual Art Minimalism Digital Art
  • 3. RENAISSANCE •This movement began in Italy in the 14th century. •Began in northern Italy and then spread through Europe. •RENAISSANCE literally means rebirth in French. •This art reflected back to the classical time of Rome and Greece. •Oil painting on canvas started. •Paintings took on three dimensions by the use of shadow and light. •Artists tried to show differences in proportions (meaning size and location of one thing compared to another in the painting) of their subject matter.
  • 4. Renaissance Artists • Leonardo Da Vinci (Painter & Sculptor) • Michelangelo (Painter & Sculptor) • Raphael (Painter) • Rembrandt (Painter) • Sandro Botticelli (Painter) • Donatello (Sculptor)
  • 7. RENAISSANCE Interesting fact Women seen in renaissance paintings are always portrayed as prostitutes or as a virtuous woman. Italian women fashion was to be Plump. FAT is IN ! They shaved their eyebrows
  • 8. RENAISSANCE Home PROFILE Leonardo Da Vinci Real name =Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci means Leonardo the son of Piero da vinci D.O.B = April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519 Italy scientist, mathematician, inventor, pa inter, sculptor, architect, musician and writer . He is the FATHER of Renaissance artists. Left-handed and wrote in mirror images . Rumoured to have relationships with his male pupils. – Homosexual Died of old age
  • 9. RENAISSANCE Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa or ―La Gioconda‖, 1517 Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm Spent 4 years to paint Mona Lisa It was a famous painting during the Renaissance period but it became even more famous in 1911. WHY? It was stolen by an Italian. It resurfaced two years later in Florence. In 1956, an acid attempt damaged the lower half of the painting.
  • 10. RENAISSANCE Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa or ―La Gioconda” Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm (30 x 20 7/8 in) Behind the painting •The left finger was not completely finished •The elbow was repaired from damage due to a rock thrown at the painting in 1956. •Beneath this painting are 3 different versions of the painting.
  • 11. RENAISSANCE Leonardo Da Vinci He painted it on the back wall of the dining hall at the Dominican convent of Sta Maria delle Grazie in Italy. Behind the painting •The Knife one of the disciple is holding. •Is there a girl among the 12 supposedly male disciples? The last Supper, 1495-1498
  • 13.
  • 14. RENAISSANCE Sandro Botticelli Real name was Alessandro Mariano di Vanni Filipepi 1445 – May 17, 1510 Italy Known for his religious pictures but his most famous works were paintings of mythological creatures and gods from ancient Greek and Roman stories. Not married. Afraid of it Rumoured to be homosexual. 2 most famous paintings are Primavera and The birth of venus.
  • 16. RENAISSANCE Sandro Botticelli The Birth of Venus, 1485 •Venus is said to be a rich married woman whom Botticelli liked
  • 18. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo Full name: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni D.O.B: 6 Mar 1475 – 18 Feb 1564, Italy Painter, sculptor, engineer, architect, poet. Rival: Da Vinci He was not married. He liked the beauty of man. Most of his Art works portrayed men.
  • 19. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo Pietà, 1499 •Sitting in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City •Art work depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifix
  • 20. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo David - about 5.17m tall Gigantic marble, 1501 - 1504 •This statue represent David before the battle with Goliath. •It was built to commemorate the independence of the Florentine Republic •Standing in the Piazza della Signoria, the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchi City, Italy. •Sculpture was moved in 1873 to the Accademia Gallery in Florence. •Too many duplicates because it is famous.
  • 21. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo Replica of DAVID •symbol of both strength and youthful human beauty
  • 22. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo The Last Judgment, 1531-1545 1370 × 1200 cm Took 6 years to complete the Altar wall of the Sistine Chapel.
  • 23. RENAISSANCE Michelangelo Creation of Adam, 1511 480 × 230 cm •Painted on the ceiling of the famous Sistine Chapel. •Illustrates the Biblical story which God the Father breathes life into Adam.
  • 25. Interior of the Sistine Chapel at Vatican City, Rome
  • 26.
  • 27. IMPRESSIONISM KEY DATES: 1867-1886 •A French 19th century art movement which marked a momentous break from tradition in European painting. •The Impressionists incorporated new scientific research into the physics of colour to achieve a more exact representation of colour and tone. •Impressionist art is a style in which the artist captures the image of an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it. •They paint the pictures with a lot of color and most of their pictures are outdoor scenes. Their pictures are very bright and vibrant.
  • 29. IMPRESSIONISTS • Claude Monet • Camille Pissarro • Edgar Degas • Edouard Manet • Pierre Renoir
  • 30. IMPRESSIONISM Claude Monet Full name: Claude Oscar Monet D.O.B: 1840-1926, Paris ran into financial difficulties and attempted suicide in 1868 Well-known for landscape painting especially nature. Suffered from Cataracts Died of lung cancer
  • 31. IMPRESSIONISM Claude Monet Bridge over a Pool of Water Lilies 1899 a series of approximately 250 oil paintings of water lilies. In 2007, one of Monet's water lily paintings sold for £18.5 million. In 2008, another of Monet’s water lily painting sold for £ 41 million His good friends were Pissarro, Cézanne, Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille
  • 32. IMPRESSIONISM Claude Monet Branch of the Seine near Giverny, 1897Pappeln on the Epte, 1900
  • 34. NYMPHÉAS AVEC REFLETS DE HAUTES HERBES, 1914-17 oil on canvas 130 by 200cm. $14,137M LE GIVRE À GIVERNY,1885 oil on canvas 54 by 71cm. $13,785M
  • 35. IMPRESSIONISM Edgar Degas Full name: Hilaire-Germain- Edgar De Gas D.O.B: 1834 –1917, Paris One of the main founder of Impressionism. Well-known for portrait, dancers and female nudes Paintings. Suffered eye problem Friends called him eccentric.
  • 36. IMPRESSIONISM Edgar Degas La famille Bellelli Portrait de famille 1858 -1867 • Studied Art by doing copying Painting at Louve Museum • Extremely sensitive to bright light and experienced a loss of vision in his right eye • lost a significant part of his central vision by aged 40 • Had to stopped doing Art by aged 57
  • 37. IMPRESSIONISM Edgar Degas Dancing Examination. 1874 The Absinthe Drinker 1875-1876
  • 38. IMPRESSIONISM Pierre Auguste Renoir Full name: Pierre Auguste Renoir D.O.B: 1841 – 1919, France often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions Painting nude was one of his primary subjects
  • 39. IMPRESSIONISM Pierre Auguste Renoir •Known for his vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions •Discovered that the color of shadows is not brown or black, but the reflected color of the objects surrounding them. •Best friend is Claude Monet. 1876 Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette Most famous painting
  • 40. Pierre Auguste Renoir Le déjeuner des canotiers (The Boating party) Painted in 1881 Mdm. Charpentier and her children, 1878
  • 41. Artist: Paul Cézanne Date Painted: 1892/93 Art Style: Oil on Canvas Sold To: Royal Family of Qatar Price (Date of Sale): $259-$320M (April 2011) Adjusted Price Today: ~ $268.1 Million
  • 42. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post- Impressionism extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: • Use vivid colours • Thick application of paint • Distinctive brush strokes •Use real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms to distort form for expressive effect • Use unnatural or arbitrary colour (not realistic colours of the object)
  • 43. POST-IMPRESSIONISTS • Vincent Van Gogh • Paul Gauguin • Paul Cézanne • George Seurat • Henri Rousseau • Paul Signac
  • 44. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Vincent Van Gogh Full name: Vincent Willhem Van Gogh D.O.B: 1853 – 1890, Netherlands Considered as Dutch Post- Impressionist and the pioneer of Expressionist. Known to be eccentric. Did not communicate with his family other than his younger brother, Theo. He wrote more than 600 letters to him. produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting of around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches
  • 45. Vincent Van Gogh •Three brothers, and three sisters •A medicine which blurred his colour vision. – Yellow & Gold •This is the only painting which Van Gogh sold throughout his Life when he was still alive as an artist. "The Red Vineyard" Painted in1888 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
  • 46. Vincent Van Gogh •Eccentric behaviour started After he got rejected by his long Distant cousin. •Found a gf who is a prostitute. •Wore ragged, unwashed clothing, Painted peasants. "The Potato Eaters― Painted in 1885 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
  • 47. Vincent Van Gogh Argued with his best friend, Gauguin, cut off his ear and gave it to a prostitute friend. Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear Painted in 1889 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
  • 48. Vincent Van Gogh He painted this during his Depression period, outside The mental hospital which He stayed before. Starry starry night 1889 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
  • 49. Vincent Van Gogh One of his last paintings which he completed in late July 1890. After a few days later, Van Gogh went for a walk and shot himself in the chest. "Wheat Field With Crows― 1890 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
  • 51. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Paul Gauguin Full name: Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin D.O.B: 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903, Paris Married but wad driven out of the house Depression and attempted suicide Friend with Vincent Van Gogh
  • 52. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Paul Gauguin Always arguing with Van Gogh Was the cause of Van Gogh cutting his ear Speak ill of the government and was sentenced to prison. Suffered from Syphilis Died of overdose of Morphine & heart Attack before serving in prison Vincent van Gogh Painting Sun Flowers
  • 53. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Still Life With Teapot And Fruit The Guitar Player
  • 54. FAUVISM • Began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910 • Fauves mean ―Wild Beasts‖ in French. • Experimenting a new way of using pure, vivid colours • Go against the traditional Art technique like Impressionism. • Blocks and dashes of colours not seen in nature, juxtaposed with other unnatural colours in a frenzy of emotion • Started with Henri Matisse and André Derain
  • 56. FAUVISM ARTISTS • Henri Matisse • André Derain • Maurice de Vlaminck • Albert Marque
  • 57. FAUVISM Henri Matisse • Full name: Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse • D.O.B: 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954, France • Believed absolutely in colour as an emotional force • Married • Later artworks were controversial (public disagreed) • Died of Cancer
  • 58. FAUVISM Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat), 1905 • First painting to be exhibited at Salon d'Automne (Autumn Salon) • Marked a stylistic change from the regulated brushstrokes to a more expressive individual style • Non-naturalistic colours and loose brushwork, which contributed to a sketchy or "unfinished" quality
  • 59. FAUVISM Portrait of Madame Matisse - Green Line, 1905 Harmony in Red
  • 60. FAUVISM • Changed to collage because of his illness
  • 61. FAUVISM André Derain • Full name: André Derain • D.O.B: 10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954, France • Suffered from eye illness • Was knocked down by a vehicle
  • 63. FAUVISM The Turning Road, L'Estaque, 1906 • Juxtaposing extreme colours such as red and green, blue and orange
  • 64. EXPRESSIONISM • Use of intense colour, short brushstrokes, distortion, exaggeration. • Artistic style in the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect. • Expressionism is to express the artist's own representation of his or her world
  • 65. EXPRESSIONISTS • Edvard Munch • Ernst Ludwig Kirchner • Wassily Kandinsky • Franz Marc • Francis Bacon • Affandi
  • 66. Edvard Munch Full name: Edvard Munch D.O.B: 1863 – 1944, Norway Edvard’s mother died of tuberculosis in 1868 His favourite sis died of tuberculosis in 1877. Another sis suffered from mental illness. Brother died a few months after his wedding. His father died in 1889. EXPRESSIONISM
  • 67. Edvard Munch The Scream, 1893 •Tragic family history. •(Everyone in the family died) •The first Western artist to have his pictures exhibited at the National Gallery in Beijing. •The Scream painting was stolen in 1994 but was restored after a few years. EXPRESSIONISM
  • 68. Edvard Munch Death in the Sickroom. 1895 Collection of 1,100 paintings, 4,500 drawings and 18000 prints, as well as woodcuts, etchings, lithograp hs, lithographic stones, woodcut blocks, copperplates and photographs EXPRESSIONISM
  • 70. Francis Bacon Full name: Francis Bacon D.O.B: 28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992, Ireland Started to cross dress at 15 Worked to support himself (cooking, selling women’s clothes) Was sexually attracted to his father Attracted to old and young men Influenced by Pablo Picasso Human suffering, solitude and isolation, anxiety, horror and tragedy, sex, violence and death Died of heart failure EXPRESSIONISM
  • 75. Franz Marc EXPRESSIONISM Full name: Franz Marc D.O.B: Feb 8,1880 – Mar 4,1916, Germany Bright primary colours Influenced by Cubism Blue was used to portray masculinity and spirituality Yellow represented feminine joy Red represented the sound of violence. Died at 36
  • 76. Red Deer I Sold for $3.3m USD in 1998 EXPRESSIONISM The Waterfall Sold for $5.06m USD in 1999
  • 78. CUBISM KEY DATES: 1908-1914 •The Cubism movement began in Paris around 1907. •Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. •Cubists broke from centuries of tradition in their painting. •In cubist artworks, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form.
  • 79. CUBISM • Pablo Picasso • Georges Braque • Malevich • Leger
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  • 81. CUBISM Pablo Picasso Full name: Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso D.O.B: 1881 - 1973, Spain One of the main founder of Cubism His artworks were divided into Blue Period (1901–1904) Rose Period (1905–1907) African-influenced Period (1908–1909) Analytic Cubism (1909–1912) Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919)
  • 82. CUBISM Pablo Picasso Girl with a mandolin 1910 Paulo (4 February 1921 – 5 June 1975) (Born Paul Joseph Picasso) — with Olga Khokhlova Maia (5 September 1935 – ) (Born Maria de la Concepcion Picasso) — with Marie-Thérèse Walter Claude (15 May 1947 –) (Born Claude Pierre Pablo Picasso) — with Françoise Gilot Paloma (19 April 1949 – ) (Born Anne Paloma Picasso) — with Françoise Gilot
  • 83. CUBISM Pablo Picasso Guitar Player 1910 Produced about 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings; 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, roughly 12,000 drawings, many thousands of prints
  • 85. DADAISM • Considered Anti-Art • Rumoured to be formed because of World War I • Rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition Early 1910s
  • 86. DADAISM & SURREALISM ARTISTS • Marcel Duchamp • Max Ernst • de Chirico • Frida Kahlo • Salvador Dalí • Rene Magritte
  • 87. DADISM Marchel Duchamp Full name: Marcel Duchamp D.O.B: 28 Jul 1887 – 2 Oct 1968, France Decided to do Anti-Art works after WORLD WAR Died in his sleep
  • 90. SURREALISM •The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and absurd. •Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible. •Involves Psychology Early 1920s
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  • 92. SURREALISM Salvador Dali Full name: Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech Took his brother’s name because he died before Dali was born D.O.B: May 11 1904 – January 23 1989, Spain Eccentric personality Famous feature – Starched moustache Obsessed with Hitler and dreamed Hitler was a woman Known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work.
  • 93. SURREALISM Salvador Dali Painter, Photographer, Sculptor, and does video too. Suffered from Parkinson disease. Right hand trembles rapidly due to his senile wife who fed him overdose of medicine Attempted suicide after his wife died Forced to sign blank canvas Died of Heart failure
  • 94. SURREALISM Salvador Dali Best known painting – on the left After entertaining guests in the evening, Dalí sat at the table looking upon the soft, half melted Camembert cheese. Suddenly the idea of melting watches came to him and he immediately got to work. The Persistence of Memory, 1931
  • 95. SURREALISM II VOLTO DI MAE WEST 1934-1935 The Hallucinogenic Toreador 1968
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  • 97. SURREALISM Salvador Dali Still Life Moving Fast 1956 Did you know? This logo was created by Dali.
  • 98. SURREALISM René François Magritte Full name: René François Ghislain Magritte D.O.B: 21 Nov 1898 – 15 Aug 1967, Belgium Made fake painting of Picasso’s works and sell them The titles of his works are random, crazy and weird. Sometimes his friends title the paintings he created Successful surrealist but was never Fully accepted in Paris Mother drowned herself and the image of her face covered by the wet nightdress haunted him
  • 99. SURREALISM René François Magritte Well known for a number of witty and amusing images. Magritte's simplicity is misleading. Chose ordinary things to construct his works - trees, chairs, tables, doors, windows, shoes, shelves, landscapes, people…etc Work frequently contains a juxtaposition of objects or an unusual context giving new meanings to familiar things. Died of cancer. Time Transfixed, 1938
  • 100. SURREALISM René François Magritte Golconde , 1953 The Son of Man, 1964
  • 102. ABSTRACT ART KEY DATES: 1910 Abstract art generally means art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses colour and form in a non-representational way.
  • 103. ABSTRACT ART • Jackson Pollock • Mark Rothko • Piet Mondrian • Willem de Kooning
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  • 105. ABSTRACT ART Jackson Pollock Full name: Paul Jackson Pollock D.O.B: 28 Jan, 1912 – 11 Aug 1956, America Founder of Abstract expressionist. Died in a drinking car crash accident
  • 106. ABSTRACT ART Jackson Pollock •Started the "drip" technique by dripping paint on the canvas which was laid on the floor. •Used hardened brushes, sticks and syringes to paint. •He would poke a hole in the bottom of a tin can of paint to drip. Pollock's technique of pouring and dripping paint is thought to be one of the origins of the term ―Action painting‖.
  • 107. ABSTRACT ART Number 1, l948Number 4, l950 $58.3m
  • 108. ABSTRACT ART Mark Rothko Full name: Marcus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz D.O.B: 25 Sep 1903 –25 Feb 1970, Russia Moved to USA when he was young. Believed that his painting Speaks for itself.
  • 109. ABSTRACT ART Mark Rothko White over Red 1957 •Rothko was suffered from depression. •He had a prickly temperament, drank heavily and took hypnotic pills. •Had 2 failed marriages •Committed suicide
  • 110. ABSTRACT ART Mark Rothko Orange and Yellow, 1956 Yellow, Red, Red, 1954
  • 112. ABSTRACT ART Piet Mondrian Full name: Pieter Cornelis "Piet" Mondriaa D.O.B: 7 Mar, 1872 – 1 Feb, 1944 Netherlands Started as a Post-impressionist Paintings were mainly influenced by Abstract and Neoplasticism. Neoplasticism is the belief of having horizontal and vertical lines of Primary colours. Died of pneumonia
  • 113. ABSTRACT ART Piet Mondrian Composition of red, yellow and blue 1930 •This painting was duplicated and it can be found in Singapore. •A 17-story condominium was launched in Singapore in April 2007 with the name "Parc Mondrian‖
  • 114. ABSTRACT ART Piet Mondrian ―Composition with red, yellow blue and black― 1921 Broadway Boogie Woogie 1942 -1943
  • 115. POP ART • Popular Art movement used common everyday objects to portray elements of popular culture, primarily images in advertising and television in the western countries. • Originated in England in the 1950s and traveled overseas to the United States during the 1960s. • Reflecting the affluence in post-war society. • Most prominent in American art. In celebrating everyday objects such as soup cans, washing powder, comic strips and soda pop bottles, the movement turned the commonplace into icons. 1958 - 1975
  • 116. POP ART • Andy Warhol • Roy Lichtenstein • Richard Hamilton • Jasper Johns • Keith Harrings
  • 117. POP ART Andy Warhol Full name: Andrew Warhola D.O.B: 6 Aug, 1928 – 22 Feb 1987, America Discovered Blotted-line Technique. Tape two pieces of blank paper together and then draw in ink on one page. Before the ink dried, he would press the two pieces of paper together. The result was a picture with irregular lines that he would color in with watercolor. Famous for retrospective design.
  • 118. POP ART Andy Warhol Campbell’s Soup, 1968 Made paintings of famous American products like Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Marilyn Monroe…etc Campbell Soup is his most famous painting.
  • 119. This painting was sold for $1000USD.
  • 123. POP ART Guess how much does this cost? $100 million USD
  • 124. POP ART Roy Lichtenstein Full name: Roy Fox Lichtenstein D.O.B: 27 Oct, 1923 –29 Sept, 1997, America Works showed about pop art through Parody Heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style.
  • 126. POP ART Girl with hair ribbon 1965 Drowning Girl 1963
  • 127. $16.2M (USD)2005 $42.6M (USD)2010 $56.1M (USD)2013
  • 128. Surrealism Salvador Dali René François Magritte Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci Sandro Botticelli Michelangelo Cubism Georges Braque Pablo Picasso Paul Cezanne Paul Klee Expressionism Edvard Munch Franz Marc Francis Bacon Marc Chagall Impressionism Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre Auguste Renoir Camille Pissarro Pop Art Andy Warhol Roy Lichtenstein Richard Hamilton Jasper Johns Keith Harrings Abstract Art Jackson Pollock Mark Rothko Piet Mondrian Post- Impressionism Vincent Van Gogh Paul Gauguin Paul Cézanne George Seurat Henri Rousseau Paul Signac Fauvism Henri Matisse Andre Derain
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  • 130. American Gothic, 1930 – Grant Wood (Pop Art) American Gothic
  • 131. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884 - Georges Seurat (Post-Impressionism)