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Performance & Learning
Perfect Practice or Pitch Perfect
Nick Winkelman, PhD | Head of Athletic Performance & Science, IRFU
Leaving Cert Examination
Putting for the win
Presenting @ Huddle Dublin
Scoring a Try for the win
Worry
Anxiety
Stress
Jana Novotna Greg Norman NY Yankees
Choking
Choking
Choking is suboptimal performance, It’s a result
that is inferior to what you can do and have
done in the past
Beilock, 2010
Worrying
When people worry about themselves & their
performance, they tend to try to control
their movement to ensure optimal performance
Beilock, 2010
Learning
Learning
relatively permanent changes in Motor
behavior or knowledge that supports long-
term retention and transfer to competition
SoderstroM & Bjork, 2015
Performance
temporary changes in motor behavior or
knowledge that can be observed & measured
during or immediately after the Practice
SoderstroM & Bjork, 2015
(+ / -) Practice
Performance
(+ / -) Pitch
Performance
Positive Practice
Performance
Poor Pitch
Performance
Large % DIFF | ↑ Choking
(+ / -) Practice
Performance
(+ / -) Pitch
Performance
Positive Practice
Performance
Poor Pitch
Performance
Large % DIFF | ↓ Retention
(+ / -) Practice
Performance
(+ / -) Pitch
Performance
Positive Practice
Performance
Positive Pitch
Performance
small % DIFF | Performing
(+ / -) Practice
Performance
(+ / -) Pitch
Performance
Positive Practice
Performance
Positive Pitch
Performance
small % DIFF | Learning
Brain
DLPFC
PMC
SMC
M1
Novice Expert
01: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
02: Premotor Cortex (PMC)
03: Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMC)
04: Primary Motor Cortex (M1)
“Focus On The Movement”
The Learning Brain of a Novice looks very
similar to the Choking Brain of an Expert –
the key – minimizing conscious focus on
“movement steps” during skill execution
Song, 2009 | Beilock, 2010
Consider how shifting your focus
outward as opposed to inward
could help your next big
presentation or sales Pitch
Practice
Skill1Skill2Skill3
S 1
S 1
S 1
S 1
S 2
S 2
S 2
S 2
S 3
S 3
S 3
S 3
BLOCKED Serial Random
A progressive increase in
contextual interference
from blocked to random has
been shown to be superior to
blocked or random only.
Porter et al., 2010
Lage et al., 2015
Skill Retrieval Drives
learning. To strengthen
retrieval we must first
forget. Skill spacing &
variability creates
Desirable difficulty.
Lage et al., 2015
Prepping for a big
presentation or trying
to learn a new skill?
spacing out short &
frequent bursts of
practice is the key.
Focus
External Focus
Explode Off The Ground
Internal Focus
Explode Through Your Hips
External Focus
Catch Ball at Highest Point
Internal Focus
Extend your arms as high
as you can
Internal cues constrain
the motor system by asking
the person to focus on a
Simple part at the expense
of the complex whole. .
External cues direct
attention towards relevant
movement features, allowing
the body to self-organize a
preferred movement solution.
Wulf, 2013
External cues have been
shown to inoculate
choking & encourage an
expert-like physiological
state.
Ong et al., 2010 | Neumann & Thomas, 2011
Choke by Sian Beilock
Padraig Harrington has
said, to hell with swing
thoughts; he tries to
keep his mind blank and
think only of the ball’s
flight path.
THANK YOU
Nick.winkelman@IRFU.ie | @NickWinkelman

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Perfect practice or pitch perfect: a story about performance & learning

  • 1. Performance & Learning Perfect Practice or Pitch Perfect Nick Winkelman, PhD | Head of Athletic Performance & Science, IRFU
  • 5. Scoring a Try for the win
  • 7. Jana Novotna Greg Norman NY Yankees
  • 9. Choking Choking is suboptimal performance, It’s a result that is inferior to what you can do and have done in the past Beilock, 2010
  • 10. Worrying When people worry about themselves & their performance, they tend to try to control their movement to ensure optimal performance Beilock, 2010
  • 12. Learning relatively permanent changes in Motor behavior or knowledge that supports long- term retention and transfer to competition SoderstroM & Bjork, 2015
  • 13. Performance temporary changes in motor behavior or knowledge that can be observed & measured during or immediately after the Practice SoderstroM & Bjork, 2015
  • 14. (+ / -) Practice Performance (+ / -) Pitch Performance Positive Practice Performance Poor Pitch Performance Large % DIFF | ↑ Choking
  • 15. (+ / -) Practice Performance (+ / -) Pitch Performance Positive Practice Performance Poor Pitch Performance Large % DIFF | ↓ Retention
  • 16. (+ / -) Practice Performance (+ / -) Pitch Performance Positive Practice Performance Positive Pitch Performance small % DIFF | Performing
  • 17. (+ / -) Practice Performance (+ / -) Pitch Performance Positive Practice Performance Positive Pitch Performance small % DIFF | Learning
  • 18. Brain
  • 19. DLPFC PMC SMC M1 Novice Expert 01: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) 02: Premotor Cortex (PMC) 03: Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMC) 04: Primary Motor Cortex (M1) “Focus On The Movement”
  • 20. The Learning Brain of a Novice looks very similar to the Choking Brain of an Expert – the key – minimizing conscious focus on “movement steps” during skill execution Song, 2009 | Beilock, 2010 Consider how shifting your focus outward as opposed to inward could help your next big presentation or sales Pitch
  • 22. Skill1Skill2Skill3 S 1 S 1 S 1 S 1 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 3 S 3 S 3 S 3 BLOCKED Serial Random
  • 23. A progressive increase in contextual interference from blocked to random has been shown to be superior to blocked or random only. Porter et al., 2010
  • 24. Lage et al., 2015
  • 25. Skill Retrieval Drives learning. To strengthen retrieval we must first forget. Skill spacing & variability creates Desirable difficulty. Lage et al., 2015
  • 26. Prepping for a big presentation or trying to learn a new skill? spacing out short & frequent bursts of practice is the key.
  • 27. Focus
  • 28. External Focus Explode Off The Ground Internal Focus Explode Through Your Hips External Focus Catch Ball at Highest Point Internal Focus Extend your arms as high as you can
  • 29. Internal cues constrain the motor system by asking the person to focus on a Simple part at the expense of the complex whole. . External cues direct attention towards relevant movement features, allowing the body to self-organize a preferred movement solution. Wulf, 2013
  • 30. External cues have been shown to inoculate choking & encourage an expert-like physiological state. Ong et al., 2010 | Neumann & Thomas, 2011
  • 31. Choke by Sian Beilock Padraig Harrington has said, to hell with swing thoughts; he tries to keep his mind blank and think only of the ball’s flight path.