This slide will tell you about the real situation about Syrian Civil War.

1. THE EVOLUTION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
STRATEGIC STUDIES
THE CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF THE SYRIAN WAR TO REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE
MIDDLE EAST
MUHAMMAD SYUKHRI BIN SHAFEE (818981)

2. INTRODUCTION
 Syria is one of the country located in Middle East region and their
President is Bashar al-Assad. Previous President was his father (Hafiz
Assad)
 Since the one incident happen on 2011 when people make peace
demonstration to show their unhappiness to his cabinet
 it became worst when the police and military started use violent to
prevent this demonstration become huge.
 Then, the internal conflict were began.

3. CAUSES OF CONFLICT
 Peace demonstration were occurred by civilian because of the act
of the soldier of Bashar unto their children.
 The number of demonstration become bigger and violent were
used to stop that demonstration.
 The dissatisfied of Sunni group unto Shiite group in Syria
administration.

4. PARTIES INVOLVED IN SYRIAN WAR
 Bashar soldier
 Iran
 Hezbollah (Lebanon)
 Anti Terror Squad (Russian)
 China (in term of Veto Power in Security Council, UN)

5. Continue..
 Free Syrian Army (Rebellion group and other groups)
 Ikhwanul Muslimin (Egypt)
 Some said U.S.A, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey (still not sure)

6. THE IMPACTS OF SYRIAN WAR
Refugee of War in Middle East increase
 In Lebanon = 1 Million refugees. It lead Lebanon to oversaturated in
Lebanon labor force and unemployment increase in that country. It
cost for local government to handle these refugee around $7.5
Billion.
 In Jordan= More than 600,000 refugee. Classroom space became
limited, water and energy supplies also became a problem in
certain place since the refugees from Syria get shelter there

7. CONTINUE..
 In Turkey = 747,000 refugees. The local government spend a lot of
money to them and give permanent resident to refugees from Syria.
 Iraq = The UNHCR and local communities supplies blankets,
mattresses, kitchen sets, education and medication. Because of this,
it make the local people have to share their food and other things
to make sure the refugees get enough supplies and survive

8. THE EFFECTS TO ECONOMY
 Syria = According to report by Syrian Research Center, they
estimated the losses because of crisis over last 22 months
approximately $48.4 billion. In other word, it equal to 81.7% of Syrian
Growth Domestic Product (GDP) for year 2010 and 43% damaged in
capital stock
 GDP of Syria in 2010 was 8.8% reduce to 3.5% for year 2012. The
cause of that, government budget deficit from 3.8% in year 2010 to
10.1% in year 2012. Then, the public debt increase from 23% of GDP
in year 2010 to 40% of GDP in year 2012

9. CONTINUE…
 This civil war also has hurt the standards of living other countries at
the same time especially neighbor countries and Middle East region
countries
 For example, the per capita incomes of people in several countries
declining. Such as Lebanon declining to 11 %, and meanwhile
Jordan, Turkey and Egypt declining to 1.5 %

10. MEDICAL FACILITIES AND INFECTION
DISEASES
 From the report said about 40% of ambulances were destroyed, 57%
of public hospitals are damaged and just 37% of the hospital are out
of services. At the same time, many of doctor move to other
countries (approximately 80,000 doctors) after more than 160
doctors are killed and jailed. The pharmaceutical needs also
increase to 90% and the medicine also out of stock. It lead to
declining of Vaccination coverage in Syria from 91% in year 2010 to
45% in year 2013

11. CONTINUE…
 In respond for that, about 2.7 million Syrian children and 23 million
citizens from various countries including Syria make vaccination
campaign
 The problem of Leishmaniasis later on become concern in Middle
East region since The Civil War of Syria occurred. This dieses happen
because of crowded of refugees in refugee camps and it spread to
other countries in Middle East. For example, the cutaneous
leishmaniasis in Syria increase to 52,982 cases in 2012 according to
report in year 2012

12. MILITARY EXPENDITURE
 Turkey = about 29.4 Billion Turkish Liras or equal to $13.2 Billion for
year 2014. That expenditure took cover about 1.71% from Turkey
Gross Domestic Product on year 2014. (Compare to year 2010, $10
Billion)
 Saudi Arabia = $67 Billion on 2013. (Compare to year 2011, $46.219
Billion)
 Bahrain = increase their expenditure on military with double the
expenditure since from 2004 and 2014 to $1.236 Billion
 For military expenditure of United Arab Emirates on year 2009,
approximately $9.238 Billion. But this number increase to $19Billion on
year 2013

13. CONTINUE…
 Oman also followed the same trend in increase the military
expenditure. For example, since before year 2011, Oman
government spends their budget for military expenditure about $4.7
Billion. But this number increase tremendously to $9.2 Billion after
2011.
 Because of that, the total expenditure for military for Middle East
countries approximately $120Billion. This expenditure lead to this
region as the fastest growing in the world in term of militaries
expenditure

14. CONCLUSION
 The Syrian Civil War happen because of the mistake were made by
Bashar al-Assad during his period and his father. The mistake is they
give huge pressure to the Syrian civilian for a long time ago. Until the
time has come, suddenly Syrian Civil War happen and it also the
wave of ‘Arab Spring’ which is to overthrown their leader whose are
dictatorship
 Since the Second World War end, Syrian make a highest record for
war refugees that never been recorded previously
 Because of Syrian Civil War, it make counties in Middle East region
increase their security in term of defense budget and prevention
step to stop spread of dieses came from Syrian refugees. The
countries are rule by dictator seem so worry if ‘Arab Spring’ wave
will come to their nation.

15. CONTINUE…
 Even if Syrian Civil War are not finish yet, other problem emerge
which is terrorist group. The new terrorist group were emerged since
2014 and called Islamic Syrian and Iraq States (ISIS) or Islamic State
(IS).
 The situation become bad to worst.