Compilation of ideas on the difference of sex and gender; its relationship and importance on leadership in the workplace.

1. February 27, 2015
Mambukal Mountain
Resort

2. • Group Work:
Form a group with four
members and discuss
One member will
discuss

3. Describe your idea of a Leader
What qualities do you consider in choosing your
leader?

4. What is a leader?
A leader is the head of authority, the head of
perception, and the tongue of justice.
Egypt 2300 BC
a person who has a commanding authority or influence
Merriam-Webster Dictionary

5. Characteristics of a Leader

8. Who is a Leader?
• A leader is capable of perceiving the
urgent need to address a problem.
• Somebody who is capable of overcoming
one's fear to expose truth and motivate
others to act on something.

9. Leadership is:
• Gender - Inclusive
• Communicative
• Purposeful
• Democratic and Egalitarian
• Means-Sensitive

10. Gender Inclusive

13. Gender and Leadership
• What is Leadership
• What are the characteristics of
Leaders
• Bases of Power
• Leadership Styles

15. How Will We Empower Each Other?

16. • What is the Difference between Sex and
Gender

17. Defining Gender and
Sexuality

18. SEX:
Gender:
refers to biological differences;
chromosomes, hormonal profiles,
internal and external sex organs
Describes the characteristics that
society or culture delineates as
masculine or feminine

19. Sex = male or female
Gender = masculine or
feminine
“man” = male sex + masculine
social role
“women” = female sex +
feminine social role

20. Sex and Gender
• Sex refers to the biological characteristics with
which we are born.
• Gender refers to the learned attitudes and
behaviors that characterize people of one sex or the
other.
• Gender roles are the characteristics, attitudes,
feelings, and behaviors that society expects of
females and males.
• Gender identity, usually learned in early childhood,
refers to one’s perception of him or herself as either
masculine or feminine.

21. Gender Quiz: Are Women and Men
Different?
1. T/F Women are the weaker sex.
2. T/F Boys are more group-centered, active, and aggressive
than girls.
3. T/F Women are more emotional than men.
4. T/F Women talk more than men.
5. T/F Women suffer more from depression.
6. T/F Women are more likely than men to divulge personal
information.
7. T/F Men smile more than women.
8. T/F Women and men don’t care whether a baby is a boy or a
girl.
9. T/F Most women are confident about managing their financial
affairs.
10. T/F A heart attack is more likely to be fatal for a man than for
a woman.

22. Gender Quiz: Are Women and Men
Different?
1. False Women are the weaker sex.
2. True Boys are more group-centered, active, and aggressive
than girls.
3. False Women are more emotional than men.
4. False Women talk more than men.
5. True Women suffer more from depression.
6. False Women are more likely than men to divulge personal
information.
7. False Men smile more than women.
8. False Women and men don’t care whether a baby is a boy or
a girl.
9. False Most women are confident about managing their
financial affairs.
10. False A heart attack is more likely to be fatal for a man than
for a woman.

24. General
Differences
Women Value
Men Value
Communication
Independence
Connection Power
Relationships

25. Men’s
Status
Power
Independence
Competing
Winning
Assertion
Logic
Women
Connections
Closeness
Intimacy
Harmony
Sharing
Cooperation
Feeling
Communication behaviours

26. Verbal communication
Differences in
communication
Personal
details
Conversation
time
Practices
Men Avoid personal
stories
Attempt to
dominate
Less likely listen
to others
More aggressive,
more prone to
interrupt
Women Share personal
details
Offer personal
stories
Concern with
equalized input form
group members
Listen carefully
More assertive

27. Non-verbal communication:
Differences in Communication
Body language Men Women
Facial expression Less More
Eyes contact Avoid Prefer
Postures More relaxed More tense
Bodily proximity Less Closer
Touching Sexual interest Warmth and friendship

28. The Gender World View
Woman’s Social World
 A Network of Cooperation
Men’s Social World
 A Hierarchy of Power

29. Gender Differences
Report vs. Rapport
Men are externally focused and often
view situations as issues to be
resolved. They talk to inform others.

30. Gender Differences
Report vs. Rapport
– Women are internally focused and
often talk as a way to connect and
relate to others.

31. Who is a leader?
Who can lead better?
Leadership is the introduction of a new order. (Machiavelli, 1513, Italy
Leadership is the ability to handle people so as to achieve the most with the least
friction and the greatest cooperation. (Munson, 19221)
Leadership implies influencing change in the conduct of the people. (J.B. Nash, 1929)
Leadership is directing and coordination the work of one's group members. (Fiedler,
1967)
Leadership is the ability to decide what is sto be done, and then to get others to want
to do it. (U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.)
Leadership is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it
toward a goal. (K. Davis, 1962)
Leadership transforms followers, creates visions of the goals that may be attained
(Devanna, 1986)
Leadership is a particular type of power relationship characterized by a group
member's perception that another group member has the right to prescribe behavior
patterns for the former regarding one's activity as a member of a group. (Janda, 1960)

32. Is leadership possible without power?
Does having power makes you a leader?

35. Bases of Power
Legitimate Power - based on position
Coercive Power - based on fear
Reward Power - based on rewards
Referent Power - based on personal traits
Expert Power - based on expertise
Information Power - based on information
Connection Power - connection with people

36. Three Basic Leadership Styles
• Directing/Telling
• Coaching/Participating
• Delegating/Supporting

42. Top 10 Competencies Desired for Modern
Leaders
• Expressive
• Plans for Future
• Decisive
• Reasonable
• Loyal
• Flexible
• Patient
• Resilient
• Intuitive
• Collaborative

43. Top 10 Competencies Desired for Modern
Leaders
Viewed as Feminine Viewed as Masculine
Expressive
Plans for Future
Decisive
Reasonable
Loyal
Flexible
Patient
Resilient
Intuitive
Collaborative