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核四報告
乃哥&
すしが
關心您
核四議題吵得那麼兇,有人挺有人反,甚至還
有人去總統府前遊行反核四,而政府計劃近期
要發起公投決定核四存亡。
兩年前的日本東北大地震所引發的福島核災,
以及 27 年前的車諾比事件,相信能讓所有人都
理解了核能發電的危險性有多可怕。
但是,在反之前
妳真的知道妳
為什麼應該反對嗎 ?
再生能源的確是可以減緩氣候變化的永續能源。但
是「靠天吃飯」的不穩定性,在可見未來,頂多做
為小量輔助之用,很難大規模取代現在能源結構。
風力發電
目前我國風力發電機組,有麥寮風力發電示範系統、澎湖中
屯風力發電示範系統及竹北春風風力發電示範系統,。至於
風力發電發電量部分, 90 年麥寮風力發電示範系統及澎湖中
屯風力發電示範系統合計發電量為 1,200 萬度,只佔我國整
體電力發電量 0.0076 % 。
風力發電如果想取代核四廠,提供穩定電力,必須用掉台北
市面積 4.5 倍的土地,更不用說接近噴射機的噪音。夏天用
電高峰,連 10% 的發電效率都沒有,看著 35 度的赤炎炎的日
頭,風車卻不動如山…
夏季最需要用電時,不但不能供電,還成事不足敗事有餘。
太陽能 and 水力 ...etc
學校給的時間太短
加上
本次重點在於核四,
SO !
請欣賞我挖鼻屎。
1979 美國三哩島核電廠事故
這起事故歸咎於部分系統故障與人為管理疏失:由於二級迴
路上的一道注水閥門在維修後未依規定打開,蒸汽產生器內
的水蒸發後未再補注,導致反應爐的熱量無法送出而壓力上
升,釋壓閥於是自動開啟以降壓,但是當壓力下降之後,釋
壓閥故障而未自動關閉,於是反應爐周圍的冷卻水不斷從洩
壓閥漏出,水位下降到爐心上方 30 公分。遺憾的是,電廠的
操作人員花了很長時間才找出問題癥結,趕緊手動打開注水
閥門和(又過了數小時後)關閉釋壓閥,但由於為時已晚,
圍阻體內的放射性水蒸汽仍持續上升,而且出現氫氣燃燒現
象,不過也許因為現場有太多警報同時響起,操作員並未注
意到輻射外洩的警報。事發之後近 15 個小時,終於重新啟動
冷卻水幫浦達成循環,情況才不再惡化。
1986 車諾比核電廠爆炸事故
出事的四號機在前一天已經為了保養而停機,電廠的工作人
員想利用這個機會測試渦輪發電機的轉動慣量(殘餘能
量),是否能在緊急停電且尚未啟動備用柴油發電機時,提
供電廠所需的電量。但是在測試過程中,工作人員的操作疏
失及決策錯誤,導致反應爐失去控制,輸出功率快速上升,
冷卻水大量蒸發導致蒸汽爆炸與石墨燃燒,幾秒內一連爆炸
兩次之後,不但摧毀了重約一千公噸的反應爐頂蓋,連反應
器都解體。帶有輻射的碎片四處噴散,輻射塵隨爆炸衝到大
氣層,並在風的吹送下擴散至歐陸各國。
2011 福島第一核電廠事故
是肇因於 2011 年 3 月 11 日在日本宮城縣東方外海發生的規模
矩震級 9.0 地震、與緊接引起的海嘯,在福島第一核電廠造
成的一系列設備損毀、爐心熔毀、輻射釋放等災害事件,為
1986 年車諾比核電廠事故以來最嚴重的核子事故。
在大地震發生時,為了準備定期檢查, 4 、 5 、 6 號機正處於
停機狀態。當偵測到地震時, 1 、 2 、 3 號機組立刻進入自動
停機程序。因此,廠內發電功能停止,由於機組與電力網的
連接也遭受到大規模損毀,只能倚賴緊急柴油發電機驅動電
子系統與冷卻系統。但是,隨即而來的大海嘯淹沒了緊急發
電機室,損毀了緊急柴油發電機,冷卻系統因此停止運作,
反應爐開始過熱。地震與海嘯造成的損毀也阻礙了外來的救
援。在之後的幾個小時到幾天內, 1 、 2 、 3 號反應爐經歷了
爐心熔毀。
壞 (Why)?
發電形式
g/ 度 CO2 產量
排放量為
核能倍數日本 瑞典 芬蘭 平均
風能 29 5.5 14 16 1
核能 22 6 10-26 15 1
水電 11 3 * 7 0.5
太陽能光電 54 50 95 66 4
1. 低污染能源發電,你沒看錯,我是說低汙染沒錯。
主要能源生命週期的二氧化碳產量
2. 發電效能較其他能源高
2010 年全國發電能量約 32,000 仟瓩,
核能發電佔 16% 容量,竟發出 22% 的
電力 ; 天然氣發電有 19% 容量,卻只
發出 14% 的電力。
發電種類 占全球電
力供應百
分比
1970-1992 年間重
大事故
單位電力供應造成重大事故比
例
案例 領便當
人數
案例 領便當
人數
為核電倍
數
核能發電 18 2 31 0.12 1.72 1
燃煤發電 39 133 6148 3.41 164.56 96
天然氣
發電
15 165 3492 11.00 232.80 135
水力發電 19 13 4015 0.68 211.32 122
燃油發電 8 295 10273 36.88 1,284.13 747
全部 99 607 24229 6.13 244.74 142
3. 最人道的發電方式,畢竟領便當人數少
各種發電過程所需付出的平均生命損失
以下是研究者所繪製的在 1971 至 2009 年間,
核能發電每年所避免死亡人數的圖表:
看這數據感覺核能發電不像之前想的危險對吧 ?
霸特!!人生最ㄎㄅa丟細機咧霸特!!
(BUT) (BUT)( 可悲 )
核四廠的投資總額,在民國 80 年提出計畫時僅核
定 1,697 億元,經過民國 93 和 95 年已兩次追加到
2335 億, 98 年再追加 402 億,已從原本的 1697
億到現在的 2737 億,建造工程已高達 13 年,但
完工時間仍遙遙無期。本會期要表達的是民國 98
年時第三次的追加預算,逐年編列審查,今年的
預算金額為 101 億,而這還不是噩夢的結束!台
電在明年還要持續第四次追加 600 多億預算。
核四在維基中,關於 安全問題與爭議 的子條目「 」
就高達 14 項,多到實在抓不出重點放進簡報中。
●核四耐震係數 0.4 擋不住 6.8 級地震,台灣核安堪慮
●監院糾正台電 / 輕忽核安 核四變更千項設計
●裝瞎 20 年…貢寮水源野溪 距核四僅 200 米
●核四錯用導線 蔡春鴻:不須完全停工
●核四再爆重大弊端 採購 5 萬支瑕疵錨栓
2003 年 1 月 10 日 中船及台電於核四廠一號機反應爐工程
未落實監督及檢驗,導致反應爐基座施工長期偷工減料,
更導致焊道發生裂紋。
2011 年 7 月 12 日 監察委員提案彈劾台電核能火力發電工
程處副研究員周吉村,於 2006 年 1 月 13 日後續混凝土採
購案,利用職務機會收受廠商賄賂。
乃哥說太多八卦抓不完,
就抓最壯烈的。
而這些資料都只是我所查到的、
核四問題的冰山一角而已。
你敢讓核四
真的運轉嗎 ?
すしが!核四不是吃的!
不要亂按讚!
搞清楚你再反什麼
不要跟我說狗很白爛,網路找的啦。
引用資料
從維基得來的資料一律不貼連結囉。
看守台灣協會: http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw/magazine/pdf/v13n2-2.pdf
自由時報:
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2012/new/jul/6/today-int1.htm
泛科學: http://pansci.tw/archives/39190
環境資源中心: http://e-info.org.tw/taxonomy/term/7551
遠見雜誌: http://www.gvm.com.tw/Boardcontent_21130_2.html
台灣蠻野心足生態協會: http://zh.wildatheart.org.tw/story/10/7251
關於風力發電 >
http://www.chns.org/s.php?id=47&id2=200
關於太陽能 >
http://www.bnl.gov/pv/
http://www.clca.columbia.edu/
參考的簡報 >
http://www.slideshare.net/angelchien/big525-ae25d625af25e01
特別感謝萬能的宥瑞還有宥瑞的學姊,還有我爸。
這三個人是這次報告中的隱藏組員,但卻幫了很多、很多。

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核四簡報Final