Health Services Tax Conference Day One
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Health Services Tax Conference May 18-19, 2015, Presentations included: Mega Trends and the Impact on Healthcare, The Healthcare Industry: A View from Washington and The New Health Economy.
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Health Services Tax Conference Day One
- 1. 2015 Health Services Tax Conference May 18-19, 2015 The Drake Hotel Chicago, IL
- 2. PwC Welcome and opening remarks Bob Valletta US Health Services Leader, PwC Rob Friz US Health Services Tax Leader, PwC Sandi Hunt GHRS Health Services Leader, PwC Kelvin Ault US Investor-owned Health Services Tax Leader, PwC
- 3. PwC Agenda – Day One 12:45pm - 1:00pm Welcome and opening remarks Bob Valletta, US Health Services Leader, PwC Rob Friz, US Health Services Tax Leader, PwC, Sandi Hunt, GHRS Health Services Leader, PwC Kelvin Ault, US Investor-Owned Health Services Tax Leader, PwC 1:00pm - 1:45pm Megatrends and the Impact on Healthcare Tim Ryan, Vice Chairman, Markets, Strategy and Stakeholders Leader at PwC 1:45pm - 2:45pm The Healthcare Industry: A View from Washington Pam Olson, US Deputy Tax Leader and Washington National Tax Services Practice Leader, PwC Hon. Dave Camp, Senior Policy Advisor, Washington National Tax Services, PwC 2:45pm - 3:00pm Break 3:00pm - 4:00pm Breakout session #1 4:00pm - 5:30pm Healthcare M&A Transactions and Convergence Brett Hickman, US Health Services Deals Leader, PwC 6:30pm - 9:00pm Tour of Wrigley Field
- 4. PwC Agenda – Day Two 7:30am – 8:30am Registration and Breakfast 8:30am – 9:30am The New Health Economy Ceci Connolly, Leader, PwC’s Health Research Institute 9:30am – 10:30am Keynote General Session Governor of Tennessee from 2003-2011, Philip Bredesen 10:30am - 10:45am Break 10:45am – 11:30am Breakout session #2 11:30am – 12:15pm Breakout session #3 12:15pm – 1:15pm Lunch 1:15pm – 2:15pm How various organizations are responding to health reform Amy Bergner, Managing Director, Healthcare and Benefits, PwC 2:15pm – 2:45pm Break 2:45pm – 4:00pm Breakout session #4 4:00pm – 4:30pm General session and wrap up – Ask the experts
- 5. Megatrends | 2015 Health Services Tax Conference May 18, 2015 www.pwc.com Megatrends and the Impact on Healthcare
- 7. PwC 7 Cyber crimes exponentially increasing — not random
- 8. PwC 8 Increased conflicts globally — not random
- 9. PwC 9 China and the US agreeing on broad climate goals — not random
- 10. PwC 10 3D houses are being constructed in less than two hours in China Using four huge 3D printers, a Chinese company printed the shells of 10 one-room structures in 24-hours at a cost of only about $5,000 per building.
- 11. PwC 11 Increased proportion of freelance talent — not random
- 12. PwC 12 Success or failure -- will not be random
- 13. PwC 13 Megatrends Accelerating urbanization Climate change & resource scarcity Demographic shifts Shift in global economic power Technological breakthroughs
- 14. PwC Accelerating urbanization Urbanisation rate, 2030 (%) 14 The movement of populations out of suburbs and rural areas and into cities is changing how people work and live • More than half of the global population now lives in urban areas. • In the next 25 years about a billion people move to cities. • In China alone, 300 to 400 million people will move to cities in the next 15 years, which translates to building the entire built infrastructure of the US in 15 years.
- 15. PwC 15 Accelerating urbanization Healthcare Implications. Health organizations will need to understand consumers, their needs and their behaviors differently than they have in the past In 2013, 35% of survey respondents told PwC’s Health Research Institute (HRI) they had visited a retail clinic in the past year Source: PwC Health Research Institute, April 2014, “Healthcare’s New Entrants: Who will be the industry’s Amazon.com?” In 2007, that number was just 10% Have you been to a medical clinic in a retail store or pharmacy in the past 12 months?
- 16. PwC 16 By the end of this century, the world will need to produce 2.5 times more food than was needed in the last 8,000 years, all while the average global temperature rises at an average rate of 0.15oF per decade (which it has done since 1901). Air pollution (annual mean concentration of particulates less than 10 microns of diameter) Climate change & resource scarcity
- 17. PwC 17 Climate change & resource scarcity Healthcare Implications. Scare resources, the risk of over-regulation, & how indebted governments will handle huge fiscal deficits are top of mind for healthcare CEOs Source: PwC Pharma 2020: From vision to decision 71% of healthcare CEOs are nervous about changes in regulation.
- 18. PwC 18 Demographic shifts Census data leave no doubt that minorities are rapidly increasing as a proportion of the total United States population. Minorities will become the majority of the national population around the year 2050, but many communities have made the transition.
- 19. PwC 19 Demographic shifts Healthcare Implications. Population changes are generating increased demand for health care, making it a large and growing share of GDP across the world 1Source: United States Census Bureau, 2012 data. The ACA newly insured compared to the currently insured …
- 20. PwC 20 By 2050, the GDP of the emerging market seven countries will be twice the size of the G7; and, the F7 will continue to increase in relevance Shift in global economic power 2009 2050 G7 countries US, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Canada E7 countries China, India, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey $29 $21 $69$138 GDP In US$ trillions Bangladesh Morocco Nigeria Vietnam Philippines Peru Colombia The F7 Today’s frontier markets will be tomorrow’s emerging markets….
- 21. PwC 21 Shift in global economic power New Health Economies Public-private partnerships New flow of funds Shift in global economic power
- 22. PwC 22 Technological breakthroughs Technology is key – enabling a globally mobile workforce, new scientific advancements, and real- time analytics
- 23. PwC Technological breakthroughs Healthcare Implications. Health information technology is evolving fast 23 How do Ebola Volunteers Know Where to Go in Liberia? Crowdsourcing Google files patent for wristband that could attack Parkinson's, cancer cells.
- 24. PwC Technological breakthroughs Healthcare Implications. Health information technology is evolving fast 24 Technology is starting to up-end the insurance business. New tool allows patients to share experiences with medications.
- 25. PwC 25 Technological breakthroughs Healthcare Implications. Emerging technologies are fueling innovations in healthcare that will revolutionize treatment Michael Balzer saved his wife’s eyesight by 3D printing a model of her skull, with a life threatening tumor inside of it, which allowed a surgeon to perform a delicate and novel operation with minimal invasion Source: http://elitedaily.com/news/world/man-helps-save-wifes-eyesight-3d-printing-skull-tumor/907578/ Pamela Shavaun Scott, with a 3D printed copy of her own skull. Her right index finger is indicating the location of the meningioma she had removed
- 26. PwC 26 So what does this all mean? Accelerating urbanization Climate change & resource scarcity Demographic shifts Shift in global economic power Technological breakthroughs
- 27. PwC 3 things leaders can do As leaders, make inherent tensions productive. Commit to learning and evolving. 1X per week — how are you connecting with the world's best thought leaders? 27
- 28. PwC 28 Healthcare Thought Leadership HealthCast: Global Best Practices in Bending the Cost Curve http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/healthcare/bending- the-cost-curve/assets/pwc-healthcast-global- best_practices-in-bending-the-cost-curve-full- report.pdf Healthcare reform: Five trends to watch as the Affordable Care Act turns five http://www.pwc.com/us/en/health- industries/health-research-institute/aca-health- reform.jhtml The FDA and industry: A recipe for collaborating in the New Health Economy http://www.pwc.com/us/en/health- industries/health-research-institute/hri-pharma-life- sciences-fda.jhtml Top Health Industry Issues of 2015 http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/health- industries/top-health-industry- issues/assets/pwc-hri-top-healthcare-issues- 2015.pdf
- 29. © 2015 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the US member firm, and may sometimes refer to the PwC network. Each member firm is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors.
- 30. The Healthcare Industry – A View from Washington www.pwc.com Pam Olson US Deputy Tax Leader and Washington National Tax Services Practice Leader, PwC Hon. Dave Camp Senior Policy Advisor, Washington National Tax Services, PwC
- 31. PwC Agenda Health services legislative update Outlook for tax reform
- 33. PwC 2010 health care law implementation timeline
- 34. PwC King v. Burwell case could have major effect on ACA and 2015 legislative session • On March 4, the US Supreme Court began hearing oral arguments on whether premium tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies can be offered to roughly 8 million enrollees in federally-run health insurance exchanges covering 34 states. − Ruling expected in late June • House and Senate debate on response to a ruling against Administration could consume much of post-June 2015 legislative session • Adverse ruling carries implications for consumers and businesses: − The employer mandate penalties are assessed when employees receive premium tax credits, and the individual mandate can be waived if available coverage is unaffordable. − ACA guarantee of coverage regardless of pre-existing conditions would remain in effect − Without insurance subsidies, individual markets could be crippled in states that would be impacted absent a legislative response by Congress or action by states relying on federal exchanges
- 35. PwC Repeal of the Medical Device Tax • The ACA imposed a 2.3 percent excise tax on medical device manufacturers. • Repeal of the medical device excise tax is one of the few items for which there is bipartisan support, and conditions are ripe for repeal in the current Congress. • CBO’s January 2015 Budget and Economic Outlook estimates that the medical device excise tax will raise over $30 billion over the 2016 to 2025 budget window. • A recent CRS analysis concluded the impact of the tax on the device industry is minimal, with most costs passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices.
- 36. PwC Congress passes permanent “Doc Fix” House (392-37) and Senate (92-8) votes mark bipartisan resolution to Medicare physician pay issue that has required 17 temporary fixes since 1997 • Permanently repeals reduction in Medicare physician fees (21% cut took effect on March 31, 2015), and replaces with 0.5% increase 2015-2019 (freeze 2020-2025). • Extends Children’s Health Insurance Program through 2017 and extends other miscellaneous health programs • CBO projects net increase in deficit of $141 billion (2015-2025) but notes that long-term deficit effect is unclear − Partial offsets from increases in Medicare premiums for high income beneficiaries, reducing increases in Medicare payment rates for providers, and reducing future Medicaid payments for ‘disproportionate share’ hospitals − Minor changes in revenues related to health programs ($3.7 billion over ten years) related primarily to reduced need for ACA coverage tax subsidies − Increased Medicare spending could trigger action by Independent Payment Assessment Board earlier than previously projected (2018 instead of 2022)
- 37. PwC CBO long-term budget projections, 2014-2043 Extended baseline assumptions include “sequester” level spending caps and no extension of expiring tax provisions 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 PercentofGDP Discretionary and other mandatory outlays Medicare, Medicaid, health subsidies Social Security Net interest Revenues Source: CBO Long Term Budget Outlook, July 2014.
- 38. PwC Outlook for tax reform PwC
- 39. PwC International competitiveness 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Top Statutory (Federal and State) Corporate Tax Rates, OECD 1981-2015 United States OECD Average Excluding US Since 1988, the average OECD statutory corporate tax rate (excl. US) has fallen by over 19 percentage points, while the US rate has increased. Source: OECD Tax Database and PwC Calculations United States OECD Average Excluding US 39.0 24.6
- 40. PwC Number of OECD countries with territorial systems has grown since last US tax reform Only six of 34 OECD countries have worldwide tax systems 9 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 21 23 24 27 28 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1986 1988 1989 1991 1992 1998 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 2011 Source: PwC report, Evolution of Territorial Tax Systems in the OECD, prepared for the Technology CEO Council, April 2, 2013.
- 41. PwC Research credits & patent box regimes -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% India Portugal Spain France Denmark Malaysia Brazil Hungary Norway SouthAfrica Turkey CzechRepublic Canada Taiwan Belgium China Netherlands Ireland Japan Austria Italy Australia UnitedKingdom Russia SouthKorea Singapore UnitedStates* Slovenia Chile Finland Iceland Indonesia Israel Luxembourg Mexico Poland SlovakRepublic Sweden Switzerland Germany NewZealand US is 27th out of 41 countries Countries with solid bars have patent box regimes (Ireland's Knowledge Development Box is under development). R&D tax subsidy rate does not reflect patent box. US rate is a weighted average of alternative simplified and regular research tax credits. Source: Information Technology and Innovation Institute, "The United States Lags Far Behind in R&D Tax Incentive Generosity," July 2012
- 42. PwC Recent tax reform developments 2007 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 W&M Chairman Rangel tax reform bill (HR 3970) Senator Wyden tax reform bills (S 3018; S 727) Obama Admin. FY 2016 budget proposes minimum tax on foreign earnings of US- based company CFCs “Fiscal cliff” legislation makes most Bush tax cuts permanent SFC Chairman Baucus international; cost recovery; administration; energy tax reform drafts W&M Chairman Camp tax reform bill (HR 1) SFC working groups to address tax reform W&M Chairman Camp international tax reform draft President Obama ‘framework for business tax reform’ W&M Chairman Camp financial products; small business tax reform drafts
- 43. PwC Fiscal deadlines, other dates affecting prospects for tax reform May 31, 2015 Highway funding expires June/July 2015 US Supreme Court decision expected in King v. Burwell case August 2015 GOP presidential primary debates begin; Iowa straw poll held October 1, 2015 Internet tax moratorium expires October 1, 2015 FY 2016 begins; budget “sequestration” reinstated October/November 2015 Treasury debt limit “extraordinary measures” expire December 2015 Deadline for year-end “tax extenders” bill, if not addressed as part of tax reform January 2016 Iowa and New Hampshire primary elections held July 2016 Republican and Democratic presidential nominating conventions held
- 44. PwC Thank you! Pam Olson, US Deputy Tax Leader and Washington National Tax Services Practice Leader, PwC pam.olson@us.pwc.com +1 202-414-1401 Honorable Dave Camp, Senior Policy Advisor, Washington National Tax Services, PwC david.l.camp@us.pwc.com +1 202-414-1700
- 45. 2015 Health Services Tax Conference May 18-19, 2015 The Drake Hotel Chicago, IL
- 46. Breakout session 1a. IRS Controversy Activity Loss Reserves/CAP/PFA’s R&D Tax Credit Successes via CAP and PFA’s www.pwc.com Robert P. Alperin Kevin M. Brown Mark S. Smith
- 47. PwC Agenda • IRS: Doing Less with Less • Discounted Unpaid Losses • R&D Tax Credit • Other Issues Circular 230: This document was not intended or written to be used, and it cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding US Federal, state or local tax penalties that may be imposed on any taxpayer. 47
- 48. PwC IRS: Doing Less with Less 48
- 49. IRS funding levels have dropped amid Congressional opposition to increased funding 49PwC 10.9
- 50. IRS leadership changes at a time of funding constraints and staff morale problems 50PwC
- 51. Declining IRS personnel resources LB&I Technical Staff FY - 2012 FY - 2013 FY - 2014 YOY Decrease Revenue Agents 3353 2980 2814 16% International Examiners 508 535 436 14% All 4946 4626 4345 12% FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 Appeals Staffing 2173 2111 1981 1830 <1750 - Appeals staffing has fallen by approximately 20% since 2010 - Cycle time in CIC cases is roughly 800 days (> 2 years) 51PwC
- 52. PwC IRS priorities • Recent comments from IRS executives on the future of LB&I examinations • Move more taxpayers into Compliance Assurance Process • Make audits more “issue-focused” • Increase mid-market audit coverage • Increased use UTP disclosures to target audits • Eliminate special distinction for CIC taxpayers (900 of 260,000 LB&I taxpayers) - 50% of IRS resources focused on CIC taxpayers • Increase audits of flow-through entities • 190,000 of 260,000 LB&I taxpayers are flow-through entities • Increased international issue focus 52
- 53. Trends in IRS exam and appeals • Elimination of Tiers, introduction of IPGs/IPNs • Eliminate distinction for CIC taxpayers • Requirement of IDRs to state underlying issue • Stricter enforcement of IDR timelines • Appeals returning to quasi-judicial approach • Effort to create audit templates with examples of good / bad tax planning • Impact of BEPS rhetoric 2014 Compliance Assurance Process (CAP) program 186 taxpayers 162 returning taxpayers 64 in compliance maintenance 20 taxpayers in pre-CAP 53PwC
- 55. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: Setting the Stage • Section 832(b)(5) permits a deduction for losses incurred, which include discounted unpaid losses. • Section 846 requires that those losses be discounted, and instructs that the starting point for computing discounted unpaid losses is undiscounted unpaid losses shown in the annual statement. • Section 1.832-4(b) further requires that unpaid losses represent a fair and reasonable estimate of the amount the company will be required to pay. • Hanover Insurance Co. v. Commissioner, (1st Cir., 1979) (Unpaid losses set forth in annual statement are not insulated from review by IRS.) 55
- 56. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: A String of Additional Cases Utah Medical Insurance Assoc. v. Commissioner, (TC, 1998) (“Fair and reasonable estimate” was not limited to midpoint of actuarially- determined range.) Physicians Insurance Co. of Wisconsin v. Commissioner, (TCM 2001) (Whether estimates of unpaid losses are fair and reasonable is a valuation issue, there is no single correct estimate, must objectively validate how amount was arrived at.) Minnesota Lawyers Mutual Ins. Co. v. Commissioner, (8th Cir. 2002) (Bulk, adverse loss development portion of unpaid losses is not deductible.) 56
- 57. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: A 2009 Coordinated Issue Paper • Coordinated Issue Paper LMSB4-1109-041 states IRS position that deductible (“fair and reasonable”) tax reserves cannot include explicit or implicit “margins” • As a practical matter, in Examination IRS relies on its own actuaries to determine reserves, and sometimes asserts there was an implicit “margin” if taxpayer’s number was higher • History of redundancy also sometimes used against taxpayers • Formal status of the paper is unclear after decoordination of all CIPs, but as a practical matter the issue is still sometimes raised • Acuity case also casts a shadow on the CIP’s analysis 57
- 58. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: The Acuity Case • In Acuity v. Commissioner, (TCM, 2013), the Tax Court focused on actuarial credentials and application of established actuarial standards to conclude that reserves were fair and reasonable. • The opinion is 98 pages long and demonstrates the kind of solid factual development that can withstand challenge. • The case was not appealed by the Service, because it was inherently factual and only a memorandum opinion. • Some at IRS privately question what is left of the “margin” issue provided the process for determining unpaid losses has actuarial integrity. 58
- 59. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: The Acuity Case, cont’d • Earlier, the Seventh Circuit (to which Acuity would have been appealed) concluded in State Farm v. Commissioner, (7th Cir., 2012) that compensatory damages portion of bad faith judgment was includible in unpaid losses even though not strictly “under” an insurance contract. 59
- 60. PwC Deductible Unpaid Loss Reserves: What Paths to Resolution? • Preventing a Challenge in the First Place What makes a strong case, and how can it be constructed up-front? • Fast-Track Settlement in Appeals Learning from a war story • Prefiling Agreement What reserve issues may lend themselves to the PFA process? • CAP Taxpayers Any advice? 60
- 62. PwC R&D Tax Credit Overview • Incentive for companies to perform R&D in the US • Eligible expenses include wages, supplies and contractors - Qualified Research Expenditures (“QREs”) • Incremental credit • Two methods - Regular method - 13% reduced credit - Alternative Simplified Credit (“ASC”) method – 9.1% reduced credit • Software development activities are eligible - Including development of internal use software (“IUS”) • Federal R&D tax credit expired 12/31/14 • Many states and countries have R&D tax credits or incentives 62
- 63. PwC Recent Developments • New IUS Proposed Regulations issued January 16, 2015 (taxpayer favorable) • New Final and Temporary Regulations published on June 3, 2014 allow certain taxpayers to elect the ASC on an amended return (taxpayer favorable) • CCA 201423023 provides IUS guidance - Essentially follows the decision in the FedEx case (taxpayer favorable) • Suder case (taxpayer favorable) - Software development is eligible for the research credit, - Expansive definition of eligible activities part of process of experimentation, and - Credible documentation, survey data and witness testimony 63
- 64. PwC R&D Tax Credit Overview (cont.) • 4-Part and Additional 3-Part “High Threshold of Innovation” Test for IUS - 4-Part Test ◦ Permitted Purpose ◦ Technological in Nature ◦ Technical Uncertainty ◦ Process of Experimentation - Additional 3-Part Test ◦ Innovative ◦ Significant Economic Risk ◦ Not Commercially Available 64
- 65. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations • Defines IUS as software developed by the taxpayer for use in “general and administrative functions” that facilitate or support the conduct of the taxpayer’s trade or business - General and administrative functions are limited to: ◦ Financial management functions ◦ Human resource management functions, and ◦ Support services functions - Preamble explains that this list is intended to target “back-office functions” that most taxpayers would have regardless of the taxpayer’s industry • Defines non-IUS - Software held for commercial sale, lease, or license, or - Software that enables a taxpayer to interact with third parties or allows third parties to initiate functions or review data on the taxpayer’s system 65
- 66. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations (cont.) • Dual-function software - It is not always possible to distinguish software sub-components based on function - Presumption that dual-function software is designed primarily for a taxpayer’s internal use ◦ However, that presumption will not apply if the taxpayer can identify a subset of elements of the software that only enables the taxpayer to interact with third parties or allows third parties to initiate functions or review data › The portion of expenditures allocable to this third-party subset needs meet only the less stringent four-part test - Safe harbor ◦ For cases in which it is not possible to isolate the third party subset, the safe harbor allows a taxpayer to include 25% of the potential QREs associated with the dual-function subset through meeting the four-part test, while the remaining 75% would have to meet the high threshold of innovation test ◦ The safe harbor is met if the third-party-functional interaction is reasonably anticipated to constitute at least 10% of the dual-function subset’s use 66
- 67. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations (cont.) • High Threshold of Innovation Test - Prong 1: Innovation ◦ In line with the 2001 Final Regulations ◦ Defines software as “innovative” if it would result in a reduction in cost or improvement in speed or other measurable improvement that is substantial and economically significant, if the development is or would have been successful › The intent was to make this test “measurable and objective” in order to reduce potential controversy 67
- 68. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations (cont.) • Prong 2: Significant Economic Risk - Generally, in line with the 2001 Final Regulations and 2001 Proposed Regulations - Provides that “significant economic risk” exists if the taxpayer commits substantial resources to the development and there is substantial uncertainty, because of technical risk, that such resources would be recovered within a reasonable period. ◦ “Substantial” uncertainty exists if, at the beginning of the taxpayer’s activities, the information available to the taxpayer does not establish the capability or method for developing or improving the software ◦ The uncertainty must relate to capability or methodology, not to the appropriate design 68
- 69. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations (cont.) • Prong 3: Commercially Available for Use - No change - Prong 3 is met if commercially available software cannot be purchased, leased, or licensed and used for the intended purpose without modifications that would satisfy the innovation and significant economic risk requirements 69
- 70. PwC 2015 Proposed Regulations (cont.) • Effective date - Effective for tax years ending on or after the date the Final Regulations are published ◦ However, “the IRS will not challenge return positions consistent with these proposed regulation for taxable years ending on or after the date [January 20, 2015] these Proposed Regulations are published” ◦ For tax years ending before January 20, 2015, taxpayers may choose to follow either all the IUS provisions in the 2001 Final Regulations or all the IUS provisions in the 2001 Proposed Regulations 70
- 71. PwC Applicability to Insurance Industry • Significant IT spend • Developing software for internal use, for use by customers and in some cases developing software for sale, lease or license • Expenses typically limited to wages and contractors • Large portion of contractor costs often incurred outside the US - Need to be performed on US soil to qualify for federal R&D tax credit • Healthcare, Life, P&C • IT employees typically required to track their time by project, by phase and sometimes task • Project accounting often used for book purposes based on SOP 98-1 guidance • Taking advantage of ASC • Desire to obtain certainty 71
- 72. PwC IRS Point of View on IUS • High risk • Receives lots of scrutiny • Claims receive even more scrutiny even though Tiered Issue Focus no longer exists • Heavily focused on three of the tests including (1) Technical Uncertainty, (2) Process of Experimentation and (3) Innovativeness • If IUS and over $500k of credit, IRS Engineer is required to refer to MITRE - However, MITRE is not required to be involved 72
- 73. PwC IRS Point of View on IUS (cont.) • Pre 2015 Proposed Regulations - Follow 2004 Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“ANPRM”) (Internal Revenue Bulletin 2004-6) ◦ Taxpayer must follow either the 2001 Final Regs (T.D. 8930) or the 2001 Proposed Regs › Do no accept FedEx › 2001 Final Regs, includes “Discovery” test – very high bar › 2001 Proposed Regs, no “Discovery” test but must be “unique or novel” › Proposed Regs include examples of qualifying and non- qualifying projects and activities – can be useful • Post 2015 Proposed Regulations - ANPRM no longer applicable - No “Discovery” test 73
- 74. PwC IRS Point of View on IUS (cont.) • Project accounting and contemporaneous documentation • Exams are time consuming • Credits are often disallowed entirely at exam (especially if MITRE involved) • Appeals process is long - Settlements around 50% 74
- 75. PwC CAP and PFA Program Approach • Pre-Filing Agreement (PFA) allows a taxpayer to obtain certainty on an issue before the filing of its return • PFA results in a closing agreement that precludes the IRS from challenging the issue in any subsequent examination of the taxpayer’s return • Similar to having a Compliance Assurance Process (CAP) audit of a single issue - i.e., the compressed time frame for entering into a PFA generally takes less than six months and eliminates protracted post-filing disputes • Allows taxpayers to conserve precious controversy resources and better manage their reserves and uncertain tax positions • Optimal time for requesting a PFA for a calendar year taxpayer is at the end of a filing year and the first two or three months following the close of the tax year 75
- 76. PwC CAP and PFA Program Approach (cont.) • Key components of the PFA process - $50,000 user fee - IRS normally requires 30 days to consider a PFA application - The IRS expects transparency and a resource commitment from the taxpayer - Either party may withdraw from the PFA any time prior to execution of the PFA agreement - PFA applies to four subsequent tax years 76
- 77. PwC CAP and PFA Program Approach (cont.) • Observations - PFA process has demonstrated numerous advantages for clients - Due to the tight time constraints on both parties, the IRS has been persuaded to adopt time saving techniques that greatly reduce the difficulties associated with a normal IRS audit ◦ Been able to successfully keep MITRE out - For instance, the following techniques have proven very useful: ◦ Holding a kick-off meeting with the IRS to discuss the timeline and any methodologies as well as addressing any areas of contention ◦ Weekly or biweekly meetings with the IRS team to discuss issues as they arise ◦ The use of closing agreements or memoranda of understanding to memorialize interim resolutions of issues (e.g., reliance on Proposed Regs, recording of interviews) 77
- 78. PwC CAP and PFA Program Approach (cont.) ◦ Allowing the IRS to participate in the selection and review of the areas under consideration (e.g., IRS sitting in on project interviews) ◦ Use of the PFA experience as a barometer for determining whether CAP would be a productive use of client resources ◦ Fostering a positive relationship with the IRS team by engaging them in the development of the issue and encouraging them to be active participants in the process ◦ Agree on methodology and technical issues on the front end (e.g., use of statistical sampling, project questionnaires and employee time surveys) 78
- 80. PwC Other Issues • What other tax controversies do health insurers typically face? • What other tax controversies does YOUR company face? • What means of resolving those controversies might be appropriate? 80
- 81. Thank you! Robert P. Alperin TPDG Partner, Boston (617) 530-5178 robert.p.alperin@us.pwc.com Kevin M. Brown TCDR Partner, Washington (202) 346-5051 kevin.m.brown@us.pwc.com Mark S. Smith Insurance Managing Director, Washington (202) 312-7518 mark.s.smith@us.pwc.com
- 82. Breakout session 1b. Tax reform Q&A Session with Dave Camp Accounting Methods Update including implications of New FASB Revenue Recognition Standards Lee Grubbs, HCA George Manousos, PwC Hon. Dave Camp, Senior Policy Advisor, Washington National Tax Services, PwC
- 84. PwC Agenda • FASB/IASB revenue recognition update • Repairs update • Hospital/Provider assistance payments • PLR 201518012: Termination payments not required to be capitalized • Transaction cost hot topics • Accounting methods procedural update
- 86. PwC Revenue recognition standard • Joint FASB/IAS project to harmonize revenue recognition for Financial Statement purposes - Intent is to allow better comparison across industries - Allow better comparison with competitors traded on different exchanges • Industries most impacted are Software, Government Contracting and Energy • Delayed effective date for years beginning after 12/15/17. For example, Q1 2018. Non-public entities have an additional year - Early adoption is allowed - IASB has recently voted to comply as well
- 88. PwC Repairs update • Everyone on board for 2014, or 2015, or both? • Retroactive partial disposition loss election only available for 2014 year. • Section 481(a) adjustments: - How far back must you go? - IRS position on 481(a): Gross vs. net? ◦ What is the “item” of repair? ◦ Could reasonably argue no netting required.
- 90. PwC Hospital/Provider assistance payments • Payments often made to provide financial assistance to hospitals/healthcare providers • Treatment of payments? - Exam: Capital under 1.263(a)-4; no amortization - Taxpayer: ◦ Deductible under 162; or ◦ Deductible under “promote and protect” doctrine • Appeals: Agreed with the taxpayer
- 91. PwC PLR 201518012 Termination payments not required to be capitalized
- 92. PwC PLR 201518012 • Taxpayer entered into a Management Services Agreement (“MSA”) to receive management services from its shareholder (“Shareholder”). - Services included attendance at BOD meetings, general consulting, legal, M&A, strategy, etc. • MSA included a clause that a termination fee was payable to Shareholder if Taxpayer had a firm commitment to do an IPO, but didn’t have to complete the IPO. • Stipulated that the termination payment was to approximate the future services to be provided under the MSA. • Termination payment held to be deductible. • Key IRS considerations: - Services did not facilitate the IPO; - Payment was akin to additional compensation for past services; - Payment not contingent on successful IPO; - MSA was in place before IPO, although unclear how far in advance; and - Payment recorded as an expense. • PLR does not discuss risk of Section 301 distribution.
- 93. PwC Transaction cost hot topics
- 94. PwC Previously capitalized transaction costs • Costs incurred to facilitate an acquisition, IPO, spin, etc. required to be capitalized. - Become a separate and distinct, unamortizable tax asset. • Regulations “reserve” on treatment of these capitalized costs. • What did Indopco say? • Opportunity to recover such costs as a 165 abandonment loss? - Sale of previously acquired entity? - Privatization of public company? • IRS experiences?
- 95. PwC Proposed “Next Day Rule” regulations • Target’s items arising ‘simultaneously’ with the transaction allocated to final target return. • Target's items arising ‘after’ the transaction allocated to first target post-transaction return. • Compensatory costs: Allocated to final target return. • Target's success based fees: Allocated to final target return. • Consideration: Is liability fixed ‘simultaneously’ with or ‘after’ the transaction?
- 97. PwC Accounting methods procedural update • Rev. Procs 2015-13 and -14 issued on January 16, 2015 • Rev. Proc. 2015-13 obsoletes former accounting method change procedures under Rev. Proc. 97-27 (non automatic changes) and 2011-14 (automatic changes) • Rev. Proc. 2015-14 contains the list of accounting method changes eligible for the automatic consent procedures contained in Rev. Proc. 2015-13 • Generally effective for Forms 3115 filed on or after January 16, 2015, for a year of change ending on or after May 31, 2014 (subject to transition rules) • Old Rules: Taxpayers under IRS exam generally were restricted from filing a request for change in method unless they filed in one of two window periods or obtained the consent of the director • New Rules: Broad eligibility rules that generally allow taxpayers under IRS exam to request changes in method at any time. However, - Generally will not receive audit protection, unless file in one of two window periods or one of four other audit protection exceptions apply - New two-year spread period of a positive (unfavorable) Section 481(a) adjustment will apply, unless file in a window period or eligible for certain audit protection
- 98. PwC Accounting methods procedural update (continued) • Audit protection received if: - File in the new “90 day” window ◦ Begins the 15th day of the 7th month - File in the unchanged 12o day window - Present method not before the Director - Change resulting in a negative Section 481(a) adjustment - No exam imposed change and issue not under consideration ◦ “Springing” audit protection - New member of a consolidated group in the Compliance Assurance Process
- 99. PwC Lee Grubbs Vice-President and Chief Tax Officer (615) 344.2665 lee.grubbs@HCAHealthcare.com George Manousos Tax Partner (202) 414.4317 george.manousos@us.pwc.com Thank you!
- 100. Breakout session 1c. Best practices around charity care, community benefit reporting, and Community Health Needs Assessments on Form 990, Schedule H www.pwc.com Ron Schultz,PwC Laura Parello, PwC Donna Borgese, UPMC
- 101. PwC Agenda • Introductions and overview • Nonprofit hospital tax exemption – Background • Community benefit reporting by the sector - IRS SOI data and IRS/Treasury report to Congress - Other reports/studies • CHNAs - Basic requirements – Input, accountability, transparency - State reporting impacts • Questions/Wrap up
- 102. PwC Nonprofit hospital tax exemption – Background Laura Parello
- 103. PwC Comparison of community benefit elements Rev. Rul. 56-185 • Nonprofit for care of the sick • Not exclusively for those able to pay • Must not refuse those unable to pay (free or discounted care) • Bad debt not charitable • Open medical staff • No inurement Rev. Rul. 69-545 • Nonprofit for care of the sick with an ER • ER care available to all regardless of ability to pay (Rev. Rul. 83-157) • Other care available to those able to pay (self pay, insured or Medicare) • Open medical staff • Training, education and research • Community board Rev. Rul. 83-157 • Medicaid and Medicare • Open medical staff • Training, education and research • Community board • No ER where state health agency determined it would be unnecessary and duplicative • Note: no mention of charity care
- 104. PwC Observations regarding charity care Rev. Rul. 56-185 • “A nominal charity record for a given period of time, in the absence of charitable demands of the community, will not affect its right to continued exemption.” • “The fact that its charity record is relatively low is not conclusive that a hospital is not operated for charitable purposes to the full extent of its financial ability.” Rev. Rul. 69-545 • “By operating an emergency room open to all persons and by providing hospital care for all those persons in the community able to pay the cost thereof either directly or through third party reimbursement, Hospital A is promoting the health of a class of persons that is broad enough to benefit the community.”
- 105. PwC Community benefit standard – Current state of play • Facts and circumstances no bright lines • Both quantitative and qualitative elements • Financial ability of the hospital is relevant under the guidance • Community’s needs regarding charity care also relevant • CBE % varies based on community’s demographics • Schedule H factors are grounded in longstanding guidance - Charity care, Medicaid, needs-based care - Health improvement and subsidized health services - Research, education and training - Grants for community benefit - But not Medicare, bad debt, or costs for privately insured patients
- 106. PwC IRC Section 501(r) for hospitals to obtain/maintain 501(c)(3) status – Additional exemption requirements Section Requirement Effective date 501(r)(3) Community Health Needs Assessment – each tax exempt hospital must conduct a CHNA at least once every three years and adopt an "implementation strategy" to meet the needs identified by the assessment. Taxable years beginning after March 23, 2012 501(r)(4) Financial Assistance Policy – each tax exempt hospital must establish, implement, and make widely available written policies regarding financial assistance and emergency medical care. Taxable years beginning after March 23, 2010 501(r)(5) Limitation on Charges – each tax exempt hospital must limit the amount it charges for emergency or other medically necessary care provided to patients eligible for financial assistance to the amounts generally billed to insured patients, and cannot use gross charges. Taxable years beginning after March 23, 2010 501(r)(6) Billing and Collections – a tax exempt hospital cannot take "extraordinary collection actions" (lawsuits, arrests, liens, or other similar actions) until it has made "reasonable efforts" to determine whether a patient is eligible for financial assistance. Taxable years beginning after March 23, 2010
- 107. PwC Community benefit reporting by the sector Ron Schultz
- 108. PwC Discussion of Community Benefit Expenditures (CBE) IRS SOI updated for 2011 data 1. IRS Statistics of Income releases Form 990 data points annually and has included Schedule CBE data releases for each of 2009, 2010 and 2011 2. Today’s data presentation is based on SOI data which is publicly available from the IRS report to Congress - Use of aggregate sector Schedule H CBE data on IRS SOI can be used to do comparisons as follows: ◦ Sector wide (all reporting hospitals) year to year ◦ By hospital type (e.g., children’s, research, etc.) within the overall sector, year to year ◦ Comparison of a particular hospital or group of hospitals/peer group against the aggregate sector or aggregate of a hospital type
- 109. PwC 2011 Form 990, Schedule H, Part I, line 7 – Community Benefit Expenditures (Per Jan. 2015 IRS report to congress – Dollars in thousands) 7 Financial assistance and certain other company benefits at cost Financial assistance and means- tested government programs a. Number of activities or programs (optional) b. Persons served (optional) c. Total community benefit expense d. Direct offsetting revenue e. Net community benefit expense f. Percent of total expense a. Financial Assistance at cost (from Worksheet 1)…. $17,415,426 $2,500,841 $15,011,379 2.32 b. Medicaid (from worksheet3, column a) 82,406,170 63,769,821 18,736,792 2.90 c. Costs of other means-tested government programs (from worksheet 3, column b)…. 4,225,182 2,916,334 1,305,880 0.20 d. Total Financial Assistance and Means-Tested Government Programs 104,046,778 69,186,996 35,054,051 5.42 Other benefits e. Community health improvement services and community benefit operations (from Worksheet 4)….. 3,029,646 369,626 2,659,025 0.41 f. Health professions education (from Worksheet 5)…. 13,621,372 4,389,163 9,232,250 1.43 g. Subsidized health services (from Worksheet 6)…. 17,113,507 11,916,218 5,113,403 0.79 h. Research (from Worksheet 7)…. 9,435,570 1,022,817 8,412,686 1.30 i. Cash and in-kind contributions for community benefit (from Worksheet 8)…. 2,034,871 42,998 1,991,957 0.31 j. Total. Other Benefits…. 45,234,966 7,740,822 27,409,320 4.24 k. Total. Add lines 7d and 7j… $149,281,744 $86,927,818 $62,463,371 9.67
- 110. PwC IRS/Treasury report to congress – Comparison of taxable, tax-exempt and government hospitals Table Taxable Private tax-exempt Government owned Charitable Care 1.31% 2.13% 6.56% Bad Debt 1.81% 1.54% 3.42% Medicaid/SCHIP/etc. 1.77% 1.94% 4.01% Medicare 6.07% 1.21% 1.67% Table: Comparison of Certain CMS - Reported Expense Data as a Percentage of Total Expenses
- 111. PwC Possible shortcomings of the Schedule H Community Benefit Expense table (or why the CBE % is <100%) • Medicare? • Bad debt? • Community building? • Restricted grants issue beginning in 2013? • Exclusion of costs pertaining to insured patient population? • Use of net costs rather than gross costs to measure CBE? • Inconsistent numerator/denominator (net costs in numerator but gross costs in denominator)? • Other?
- 112. PwC Other reports/studies • 2005 GAO Report • 2006 Congressional Budget Office Report • 2009 IRS Nonprofit Hospital Final Report • Columbia Law Review Article
- 113. PwC Recap of Community Benefit reporting • Expect Congress and other stakeholders to continue reviewing the reported Schedule H community benefit expenditure data • Expect researchers and perhaps media to attempt to slice and dice the data to break it down by types of hospitals, regions, hospital size, specialty, etc. • As data is increasingly scrutinized, may put pressure on the overall nonprofit hospital sector and on individual hospitals to defend their CBE numbers • Those hospitals with relatively small CBE percentages will be put in a position of justifying exemption based on other factors
- 114. PwC CHNAs – Community Health Needs Assessments Ron Schultz Laura Parello
- 115. PwC Conducting the CHNA i. Define the Community vi. Make the CHNA Widely Available v. Adopt the CHNA Report iv. Document the CHNA (CHNA Report) iii. Solicit and Account for Input ii. Assess Community’s Health Needs Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNAs)
- 116. PwC Key points regarding final regulations • Facilities have already conducted the first CHNA. Next required CHNA, generally, must be completed by the end of the 2016 tax year and comply with the final regulations • Two components – CHNA report and implementation strategy • Some next steps - Facility should review current CHNA and implementation strategy to identify areas requiring change - Consider definition of community served, particularly low income, minority, and medically-underserved populations - Consider opportunities to conduct joint CHNA and implementation strategy (whether related or not) - Establish a system to obtain, review and incorporate public comments regarding the CHNA - Need to address evaluation of impact of actions taken in the CHNA report
- 117. PwC State community benefit reporting requirements • Approximately 23 states require tax-exempt hospitals to provide some form of community benefit. • Eleven states require by law or regulations that tax-exempt hospitals conduct CHNAs. Approaches vary widely by states. • Ten states have laws that require community benefit plans (implementation strategies). In some cases the requirements for these are more stringent then those required under the ACA. • Terminology and reporting vary greatly among states and differ from federal reporting. - Differences in the definition of “community benefit”. - Example: Certain states allow the inclusion of Medicare shortfall (California) others do not (Minnesota). • Future of state reporting?
- 118. PwC State community benefit reporting requirements State comparison State Required reporting Are community building & community health services reported? Is data publicly available? California Private nonprofit hospitals must submit a community benefit plan Goods and services that increase access, promote health, or meet a community need are included in the statute’s definition of community benefit Yes Illinois Nonprofit hospitals must submit annual community benefit plans, in addition to disclosing charity care provided, bad debt, and cost of government-sponsored indigent care One line is included for “other community benefits” on the reporting form. A detailed description of how benefits are provided and calculated is required for the category Yes – available upon request Rhode Island Annual report of uncompensated care required to support licensure Community health improvement services and community building are not included No
- 120. 2015 Health Services Tax Conference May 18-19, 2015 The Drake Hotel Chicago, IL
- 121. Health Services Tax Conference Healthcare M&A Transactions and Convergence Brett Hickman, Partner, PwC US Deals Leader, Healthcare
- 122. PwC Objectives Provide overview of the healthcare deal activity and volume during 2014 for the hospital, managed care, post acute, and private equity sectors. Provide overview of the healthcare deal outlook for 2015 for the for the hospital, managed care, post acute, and private equity sectors and in addition, provide an in-depth analysis of the M&A drivers in the hospital and managed care sectors for the near term. Provide overview of the key healthcare and business issues that are causing many healthcare stakeholders to rethink their business models. Provide a list of key takeaways and answer questions from the audience. Current Deals Trends & Activity Outlook for Healthcare M&A Key Healthcare Issues Questions and Closing Remarks 1 2 3 4
- 123. PwC Current Deals Trends & Activity
- 124. PwC After a significant spike in 2009, worldwide M&A activity decline and plateaued between 2010 and 2013 but reached record levels in 2014 Outlook Moody’s Investors Service “As hospital operators prepare for the implementation of the broader reaching aspects of healthcare reform, acquisition activity is likely to continue, in some cases driving up leverage and requiring considerable integration efforts.” IDC “Consolidation among providers will accelerate, with the total number of hospitals and physician practices decreasing and moving toward accountable care. Private equity firms will continue to play a role. Source: Moody’s Investors Service
- 125. PwC Activity by sector – Hospitals While hospital deal volume declined since the high of 2012 (94 transactions in 2012 to 79 in 2014), there was a significant increase in Q4’14 with over half of the 2014 transactions occurring in the fourth quarter $inmillions
- 126. PwC Activity by sector – Managed Care Despite a lag behind some of the other sectors, Managed Care saw close to a 50% increase in M&A activity as 22 deals in 2014 were announced versus 15 in 2013 $inmillions
- 127. PwC Activity by sector – Post Acute For the second straight year, the Post Acute sector had more than double the volume of the next comparable healthcare services sector in 2014 $inmillions
- 128. PwC Activity by sector – Private Equity Overall for 2014, 62 announced transactions involving private equity (“PE”) firms compared to 58 in 2013. We continue to see stable and consistent year over year trends
- 129. PwC Outlook for Healthcare M&A
- 130. PwC Hospital M&A Outlook 2014 Hospital M&A volume trailed that of previous years as hospitals shift toward more alliance based transactions, but regional deals are picking up in unconsolidated major markets, including Chicago, NYC, and LA PwC Health Services 2014 Deal Insights Report “We have seen a shift from traditional M&A within the hospital sector in terms of take control transactions towards more alliance based transactions. … Traditional M&A activity is still taking place, just to a lesser extent than in prior years in the hospital sector.” – February 2015 Moody’s Investors Service “For-profit and not-for-profit hospitals are increasing their M&A activity in response to declines in reimbursements and patient volumes. This activity will likely help the hospitals build scale and market share and lower their costs.” – August 2014
- 131. PwC Hospital Drivers and Trends The following five trends are affecting the industry now and in the future, but will put pressure on margins in the near term Reform is bringing an influx of new patients, creating service capacity challenges — particularly in regions already facing physician shortages. In addition to Medicaid expansion, exchange contracts are driving utilization growth. Providers should also focus on how to operate on Medicare and Medicaid rates; think of physicians as partners in payment; open or expand clinics; and stay out of the bottom quartile on clinical quality. Reimbursement rate pressure – between federal budget cuts and consolidating payers who now enjoy greater negotiating leverage – is creating a greater impetus for providers to adopt more aggressive cost- control initiatives. Rapid growth of high-deductible health plans also continues to create high levels of patient bad debt for providers to manage. IDC’s top prediction for 2014 is that new business models – including ACOs/medical homes, ownership models, consumer engagement, and quality-based payment – will drive at least 50% of HIT growth. The shift to value-based care will also require investment in community-care solutions, including telehealth, remote health monitoring, mhealth, and social and advanced analytics. Coordinating payer relationships, M&A, physician alignment, and investments are crucial to the future stability and strength of hospitals. As insurance carriers and new entrants continue to cross into areas traditionally dominated by health systems, providers will also need to explore new opportunities to capitalize on their own core expertise. Providers are working to report and control quality and improve care due to increasing demands for transparency from payers and consumers; expanding pay-for-performance programs; and refusal by payers to pay for never events. Rapid adoption of electronic patient records and the increase in targeted cyber attacks also makes data security policies and procedures a high priority for providers. Healthcare Reform Cost Controls IT Initiatives Strategic Positioning Quality Control & Reporting
- 132. PwC US Health Systems Expand Globally Both for-profit and not-for-profit US health systems are expanding abroad to capitalize on maturing economies and demand for healthcare Source: Company filings, Factiva, PwC Analysis
- 133. PwC Managed Care M&A Outlook Deal activity in the managed care sector trended towards acquisitions of targeted small, specialty firms and health plans participating in government sponsored healthcare programs and is expected to continue in 2015 PwC Health Services 2014 Deal Insights Report “The uptick in activity can be directly related to managed care companies seeking opportunities through acquisitions to balance uncertainty and potential financial losses as a result of ACA. Part of this evolved into a trend towards acquisition of targeted small, specialty firms and health plans participating in government sponsored healthcare programs. Moving forward into 2015, this trend is expected to continue as managed care companies seek opportunities to expand their member population to balance any financial uncertainty.” – February 2015
- 134. PwC Managed Care Drivers and Trends While payers continue to adapt to reform-driven change, they’re also moving to counter health system consolidation and differentiate themselves in the increasingly consumer-driven marketplace Payers continue to address multiple issues and opportunities related to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), including: population health management, ACA fees and state-level reimbursement, an influx of new enrollees, minimum Medical Loss Ratios, and modifying business, operational, and technology models. Economies of scale in administration drove consolidation along with consumer expectations of large provider networks, which are difficult for smaller companies to assemble. Payer consolidation is also being driven by M&A activity in the provider space, which would otherwise give some health systems greater negotiating leverage over carriers. Payers are structuring for the future of the industry with actions around: Payer/Provider Collaboration, Strategic Partnerships, M&A, ACOs, Private Exchanges, Restructuring to/from Non-profit Entities, and Global Expansion. MCOs are also attempting to influence costs and patient outcomes by acquiring healthcare providers and IT companies. And both direct-pay models and new entrants threaten to disrupt existing payer business models. Consumerization, consumer education, new delivery models (like Duals, exchanges, change in employer coverage) and the move to retail markets/disintermediation are shifting the industry toward more direct distribution to the consumer. Narrow networks and defined contribution benefit strategies continue to gain traction among cost-conscious employers and consumers. Likewise, the aging population, rising healthcare costs, and the growing middle class in developing countries are driving demand for supplemental healthcare insurance around the globe. Payers are promoting greater transparency and empowering members to take control of their own health and care decisions by offering convenient, personalized, and engaging digital tools. Carriers also continue to streamline IT systems not only to cut costs, but to implement analytics and workflows that improve health outcomes. Healthcare Reform Consolidation Positioning for the Future Product Development HIT, Consumer Tools, & Analytics
- 135. PwC Emerging Payer Priorities: Overview In the emerging health market, carriers’ ability to meet consumer needs will depend on how well they empower consumers and differentiate themselves across three key dimensions: Source: PwC HRI Report 1. Personalized experiences Create simpler and connected experiences that enable people to make “best fit” heath care choices, enabled by digital solutions and powered by personalized information. 2. Value based care Lead the market in collaborating with doctors, hospitals, and other providers to build a connected and consumer-centered health care system. 3. Community activation Invest in and improve the health of individuals and our community with a focus on reducing health disparities and inequities.
- 136. PwC Post Acute M&A Outlook The post acute section continued to demonstrate impressive increases in deal volume and value in 2014 and it expected to continue as Private Equity firms seek to exit investments in 2015 PwC Health Services 2014 Deal Insights Report “While long term care has always been a strong volume leader, what is unique about the sector as it ended 2014 is the anticipation for continued strong M&A trends in 2015 sub- sectors continue to look as promising as it experienced in 2014. An economic environment of low interest rate and available financing helped drive significant deal activity in 2014. Many analysts believe the increased level of M&A activity over the last two years will continue in 2015 as long as interest rates remain low, which it appears will likely happen through at least June 2015. Consolidation is also expected to continue among the health care real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and private providers.” – February 2015
- 137. PwC Private Equity M&A Outlook Corporate carve-out are expected to be strong as another carve-out was announced in January with Madison Dearborn’s announced acquisition of Walgreens intravenous infusion service business PwC Health Services 2014 Deal Insights Report “Overall the financing markets remained favorable as rates on high-yield debt remained around 6% (evidenced by yields on high yield bond ETFs throughout the year). High stock market prices, strong corporate balance sheets and new entrants into the health care market have challenged private equity deal making in 2014. In fact, we’ve observed that market dynamics coupled with high EBITDA multiples allowed private equity funds to opportunistically sell portfolio companies in 2014 thus providing their investors with returned capital. In addition, private equity investments into the equipment and supply deals were headlined by corporate carve-outs.” – February 2015
- 139. PwC The only way to remain viable and relevant is for health systems to have an M&A strategy linked to their actions Current state Future state Strategy Rooted in the past, limited to vision and mission Forward-looking, market-driven, disciplined and concrete Value proposition “All things to all people” Differentiated value proposition for consumers, public and private payors Basis of competition Volume, pricing power, breakthrough research Value for a given quality and access level Clinical focus Illness/hospital-based care Illness and wellness/retail, mobile and home health Key capabilities MD affiliation, capital formation, revenue management, acute care operations Informatics, care redesign, population and risk management, patient experience Role of quality and process excellence Differentiator Table stakes What it does for the organization Reflects our history and aspirations Helps make hard choices and aligns everyone to achieve high performance New requirements for a M&A strategy
- 140. PwC Arguably, most providers will end up in one of five models with M&A as a tool to achieve the ends for each model Strategic model Value creation Examples • Apply innovative care delivery model to non-adjacent geographies • Monetize intellectual property and brand globally – clinical, research, teaching Clinical innovation • Expand footprint to drive central, tertiary hub, often an AMC • Leverage relatively more integrated chassis with IT to demonstrate quality as a competitive advantage (not risk bearing) • Benefit from increased tertiary/quaternary volumes Hub and spoke • Build concentration in a reasonably contiguous regional market (typically outside major urban centers) • Apply continuum and integration to enable risk bearing • Benefit from market power, lower-cost model and reduced leakage Geographic cluster • Apply superior operating model to undervalued assets • Benefit from efficient, replicable operating model • Pursue clinical integration at the local level • Tend to be geography-agnostic (growth/income preferred) Scaled portfolio Fully integrated • Leverage owned assets and labor to create high value • Focus typically in dense markets • Includes insurance capabilities – fully risk-bearing
- 141. PwC These macro trends are forcing healthcare participants to rethink business models and engaged in M&A activity Convergence Clinical Integration Population Health Capital Strategies New Entrants
- 142. PwC Convergence in health is the blurring of lines between traditional sector-based silos; it is new partnerships and new roles ACOs • Partners HC & Neighborhood HP • Highmark & West Penn • Aetna & Carilion Clinic • CIGNA & St. John’s Mercy International • UnitedHealth – acquired AMIL in Brazil • Aetna - product launches in China and entered the India market in June • Cigna - Global growth strategy includes launching an international health care plan for globally mobile individuals Intra-payer M&A • Aetna’s acquisition of Coventry • WellPoint’s acquisition of Amerigroup • Wellcare Health Plans acquired UnitedHealth’s Florida Medicaid plan Intra-payer M&A • Aetna’s acquisition of Coventry • WellPoint’s acquisition of Amerigroup • Wellcare Health Plans acquired UnitedHealth’s Florida Medicaid plan International Strategies are being pursued to globally expand payers’ footprint while also allowing them to expand into new business models. M&A has been anticipated by many in the industry, both horizontal and vertical deals are picking up. While most payers began ACO pilots a while ago, the jockeying to pair off with providers and other organizations has increased.
- 143. PwC Clinically integrated networks have developed to work together, in unison, to provide more efficient and effective patient care Source: Truven Health; Becker’s Hospital Review Fee for Service Fee for Quality & ValueOngoing shift
- 144. PwC There has been rapid growth of Medicare Accountable Care Organizations to drive quality, cost, and overall care of a defined population Source: The Advisory Board 1 Accountable Care Organization.
- 145. PwC Current/future capital strategies have transitioned focus to outpatient settings, population health, and new service offerings Municipal Bonds Direct Bank Loans Operating Profits Capital Leases Gifts/Philanthropy Grants Sale of Assets Traditional/NewSourcesofCapital 1. Renovation and Expansion of Outpatient Facilities 2. Population Health Management (ex. clinically integrated networks, ACOs) 3. New Service Offerings (ex. retail health, direct-to-employer clinics) 4. New Technology Offerings (ex. telemedicine, Big Data) New Uses of Capital Traditional Sources New Sources Private Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) Business Partners
- 146. PwC Nearly half of the Fortune 50 companies are new entrants into the healthcare landscape Of the 38 Fortune 50 companies with a major stake in healthcare, 24 are new entrants, from retailers to technology companies, to telecommunications businesses to consumer products companies. Source: HRI Report
- 147. PwC Major employers are also responding by making the move to high performance networks as a cost reduction method According to PwC’s Touchstone Survey, 4% of employers have already implemented performance based networks but 33% plan to consider over the next few years. & Procedures: Orthopedics Procedures: Transplants & Cardiac & & Procedures: Cardiac Procedures: Cardiac & Joints & Procedures: Diabetes Management & Procedures: Transplants & Cardiac & Source: PwC Health Research Institute Large employers such as Lowe’s and Walmart are partnering directly with hospitals to provide services. Many of these are bundled payments for procedures such as heart surgeries or knee replacements. Some employers pay all related travel costs as well as waive deductibles.
- 148. PwC Questions and closing remarks
- 149. PwC Summary Key Points: • After a period of decline, worldwide M&A activity increased in 2014 and is expected to continue to do so for the foreseeable future • Participants in the New Health Economy must capitalize on key trends, including convergence, emerging capital strategies, population health, and clinical integration, to position themselves for future success For More Information: Medical Cost Trend: Behind the Numbers 2015 Healthcare’s new entrants: Who will be healthcare’s Amazon.com? Health Services Deals Insights: 2014 and 2015
- 150. PwC Summary Key contact: PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP One North Wacker Chicago, IL 60606 M: 317.509.2856 brett.m.hickman@us.pwc.com Brett Hickman US Deals Leader, Healthcare
- 151. 2015 Health Services Tax Conference May 18-19, 2015 The Drake Hotel Chicago, IL