This is financial literacy tutorial in basic banking which describes loan facilities offered by the banks. This tutorials is

1. December 2008 Financial Education Series Issue-3
Basic Banking
Raju and
The Magical Goat
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RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
www.rbi.org.in

2. In this booklet, Raju talks about the loan facilities offered by the
banks. The saga of Raju's adventures is also available at
www.rbi.org.in/financialeducation
Story by Manoj & Shailaja
Art by Anupam Sharma
For more information or to get this comic book, you may please write or call:
Reserve Bank of India
Financial Literacy Cell
6, Sansad Marg
New Delhi-110001
011-23710538-2272/2079(Extn)
011-23765234
Email id:flcnewdelhi@rbi.org.in
I

3. Raju was living happily in his village. He had become a
famous person by helping others.
Raju
&
the
Magical
Goat
One day when the air was burning with
Murli was a poor farmer in the same scorching heat and there was no trace of
village who was barely able to make water, one of his bullocks died of exhaustion.
both ends meet even after a day's
hard work.
Oh God! One of my bullocks is
dead. How will I plough my
field now?
1

4. He went home and told his wife
We can't plough our fields with one bullock. Even
Champa about this misfortune.
this one is looking pale and may die anytime. Will
She was also shocked to hear
we have to starve to death this year?
this.
I will meet Sunder and Chander. I have heard
What are we going to do now? that they always lend money to people in need.
The two brothers Sunder and ... They were notorious for cheating the poor.
... Chander also lived in the same
village.
2

6. So your problem is
Ahha Murli! Nice to see you. But why are
that you can't plough
you looking so sad?
your field with one
bullock.
I am going through a real bad
time....... Don't worry. Whenever people are
in trouble they come to us. We
Murli narrated his whole problem. really like to help people.
Now tell us, why do you want to
plough your field? How?
We can give you something that can
make you so rich that you would not be
required to plough your field for the
rest of your life.
4

7. Do you see this goat? It is not an ordinary goat. Its
milk has got magical powers. Anybody who drinks its
milk cannot forget its taste all his life.
ar
Sug
It gives ten buckets of milk
everyday and it is so sweet
that you do not need to add
any sugar.
You can make plenty of sweets out of
the goat's milk everyday and sell that Soon you will have enough
in the nearby market. money to start your own
shop.
With one shop that does good
business, you can soon put up
ten more shops and very soon
you will become a very rich
businessman.
5

8. Yes! Yes! I will become a rich
Oh! I really don't have any
businessman. It sounds so easy.
money.
Please give this magical goat to
me.
But this goat is
precious to us.
What will you give
in return?
Don't worry Murli. We really want to That land is in any case useless for you
help you. You give us your land in now. And you can repurchase it from
exchange for this goat. us once you become rich.
6

9. Oh! I understand. Ok, I will give you my Congratulations Murli. This magical
land in exchange for the goat. goat is now yours.
Chander brings out a paper on which he
writes that Murli has given them his piece
of land in exchange for the goat. Murli
puts his thumb impression on the paper.
Champa is shocked to hear that he
exchanged their land for the goat.
And your land is now ours.
How could you believe whatever they
told you? If becoming rich had been
Remember us when you
so easy they would have never given
become rich.
this magical goat to you.
Murli happily goes home with the goat. What should I do now?
7

10. I think you should go and meet Raju and Murli left in search of Raju.
Gopi Chacha. Raju is knowledgeable and
Gopi Chacha is very wise. They always help
people in need.
Raju was sitting along with Gopi Chacha, Shamu, Bhola and Go pa l.
Murli joins them and narrates his full
story.
8

11. But it will cost a lot of money. Where
Oh I see! Sunder and Chander have
will I get the money from?
tricked you. Anyway, don't worry. Let's
see what we can do to get your land back.
And then get you a new bullock .
Well, you can take a loan from the bank
and purchase the bullock.
And you can repay your loan with the But Raju, will the bank give loan to Murli
money you earn later by selling your Chacha for a bullock? He has nothing
produce. left with him now.
Why not Gopal. Banks give loans
for a variety of purposes.
9

12. For purchasing a tractor, seeds, fertilisers For all these purposes, even our
and farming equipment. moneylender Dhaniram will give a loan.
Then why should we go to the bank?
Banks also give loans for constructing a
house or a shop or starting a business,
for buying vehicles for taxi service,
rickshaws, for education, etc. Banks also
give loan to purchase a bullock.
So you have to pay him Rs 105 every
Okay. I will tell you the reasons. Suppose month. This will take you one year to
you take a loan of Rs 1000 from Dhaniram.
repay the entire amount of Rs. 1260.
He asks you to repay
Rs 260 as interest on Do you know how much interest he
the loan.
has charged you?
10

13. All look puzzled.
Now let us see how much interest the
26 percent ! bank will charge. Banks charge normally
upto 7 percent interest per annum on
loans.
Loan
Application
In fact, moneylenders like
Dhaniram may charge interest as
high as 100 percent.
Let's say your bank asks for 7 percent
interest for giving loan to purchase a
bullock.
It means that you pay only RS 70 as Then there is one more benefit. You
interest on a loan of Rs 1000 from the will not have to sign any blank paper in
bank. Is it not better? the bank!
Lo
Appli an
catio
n
11

14. You mean I can actually save money at Oh my God! I can't believe it. How foolish
the end of one year if I take a loan from we were to run to Dhaniram and sign a
the bank? And I will also not be bonded blank paper to get a loan from him!
to it for my lifetime?
Yes, of course.
And we never listened to the bank Yes. No doubt, banks have some
manager who kept telling us to take formalities and paperwork but that is in
loan from him. In future, we will take your interest.
loan only from a bank.
Also, remember, banks give loans only for
genuine needs and productive activities and
not for activities like gambling and drinking.
Only if you earn, you will be able to repay
your loan, right?
12

15. Raju, I want my daughter Tara to In fact they give loans for studies within
become a doctor when she grows up. the country as well as abroad.
Will the bank give loan for her study?
Yes, of course, banks do give
loans for education and higher
studies.
All you will have to do is to submit The bank will give the loan to
documents like mark sheet of the cover the tuition fees, hostel ,
qualifying exam, admission proof , estimate expenses ,etc.,as given by the
of fees, hostel expenses, etc., as provided college.
by the college/university.
MARK SHEET
English 100 70 MARK SHEET
Hindi 100 60 English 100 70
Hindi 100 60
N maths 100 75
ISSIO
maths 100 75
ADM OOF Gen sci 100 99 Gen sci 100 99
PR Sanskrit 100 75 Sanskrit 100 75
So sci 100 65
So sci 100 65 444
444
Education loan covers the entire
period of study and repayment starts
only after education is completed.
13

16. In other words, once Tara completes Oh yes! Banks have a scheme called
her studies and starts earning, she can the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) for the
herself pay back the loan. farming community.
Raju, we regularly need loans for
purchasing seeds and fertilisers. It will
It is very convenient. First the bank will
be a problem if for each loan we have to
assess all your farming and consumption
follow the entire process of application.
requirements and sanction an overall
Is there a way out?
loan limit.
This will be given in the form of a credit Then how do I keep track of my
card, called Kisan Credit Card (KCC). repayments?
with this card, the farmer can draw
money for his short term needs of seeds,
fertilisers, consumption, etc., and pay
back as soon as he can. He can also draw You need to repay the amount withdrawn
money under this credit card to dig within a year. KCC is available for any
wells, buy tractors, bullocks, productive activity.
implements, etc.
14

17. Banks also issue General Credit Card Under GCC, banks do not insist on
(GCC) for saving account holders. security and the purpose or end-
use of the credit. The limit will be
periodically reviewed and
revised/cancelled depending on
your track record as an account
holder and the repaying capacity.
What about loan for a house ?
Banks have
many housing What is that?
loan schemes
under which you They will also tell you how to apply for
can apply for a VOTE
R
R
the loan. Repayment of loan can be made
I CAD
housing loan. on a monthly, quarterly or half-yearly
basis. The repayment periods may be
from one year to nine years depending
upon the amount of loan and your
repaying capacity.
For taking such loans you will need to LOAN N
ICATIO
APPL
produce documents like proof of identity,
address and income. When you visit a bank
to take a loan, they will give you the details
of all the documents that will be required.
15

18. Will the bank ask me to mortgage my land Hypo…what??
for this loan?
Hypothecation and mortgage means
Yes, the bank will ask for some security that the tractor and the house you have
against the loan. But it will accept as purchased with bank loan will be in your
security the tractor or the house that it name and possession and you can use
has financed. The tractor will be them. But the bank will recover the
hypothecated to the bank and the house amount from the sale of tractor/house
will be mortgaged to the bank. if you fail to repay the loan.
Only the bank's name will be registered in
the books of the Road Transport
Authority as 'Hypothecated to’ to
indicate that the bank has taken the
tractor as security for the loan and you
cannot sell it without asking the bank.
RTA Even when you sell it with bank's
permission you will first have to repay
the bank loan from the money you get by
selling the tractor.
16

19. But why would I sell the tractor when The bank will give you the housing loan in the
I need it to plough my land? In fact, I same way. You will have to mortgage the house
would also want some more money for for the housing loan.
my house.
It means that the land records will show that
the bank has interest in the house and you
cannot sell it or give it as security for
another loan without informing the bank.
The land ownership documents will be held How is that?
in the custody of the bank till the loan is
repaid.
Always remember. Repaying a loan in time is
as important as taking the loan. If you do See, you take a loan of Rs 1000 at 5%
not repay in time you will be charged interest which means Rs 50 is the
interest amount .
interest on interest and the loan will
become a burden on you.
17

20. So at the end of the year you have to Also, unless you repay, the bank will not
repay Rs 1050. Now, if you don't repay be able to provide loan to another
your due amount to the bank, it becomes needy person. Repaying loans is a
RS 1050 and the 5% interest will now be responsibility you owe not only to the
charged on RS 1050. bank but also to the society.
So you will have to pay more interest next
year and so on.
In fact, some banks have the facility of
We should remember that when we repay,
a credit counsellor whom you can meet
the money goes as loan to another person
before taking a loan.
and he too prospers.
This way we all can contribute to each
Credit counsellor? Who's
others' prosperity!
that?
18

21. Credit counsellors provide advice and Be it for study, house or any other
information to people who need credit. personal need, you can approach the
credit counsellor of your bank and he
will guide you about it.
They will tell you which loan you should
take, how much and also how to make
the best use of these facilities.
Raju, you are our counsellor and our
friend.
Listen, my plan is like this…
Raju, we still have to help Murli
to get back his land.
I have a plan. But it
can work only if all of What's your plan
Great! We'll enjoy doing it.
you co-operate. Gopi Chacha?
19

23. Shamu leaves before Sunder and
I am going to Murli's house to purchase
Chander could ask any question.
that goat before he sells it to anybody
else.
Shamu must be
crazy. How could
anyone become
young by drinking a
goat's milk?
That was just an
ordinary goat.
What???
We had fooled Murli by telling him that it After sometime Gopal came rushing
gives ten buckets of sweet milk every day. from the other side.
Poor chap!
I will not let anybody else buy that
goat….That goat is mine…That goat
is mine.
Gopal didn't even stop to talk to Sunder
and Chander.
21

24. What happened to him? He was also After some time Bhola, Raju, Tara, all came
talking about the goat. running from another direction.
Raju you can't beat me.
Whosoever reaches first will buy that
magical goat.
Something must have
happened.
Raju was also talking about the magical Shut up! You foolish man!! You made me
goat. It seems that goat must have some sell that magical goat to Murli. Let's go
magical powers otherwise an intelligent and get our goat back before anyone else
person like Raju would not be running for buys it.
it.
Let's go.
Did we make a mistake in giving it
away to Murli?
22

25. Sunder & Chander reach Murli's house. Outside everybody is trying to get hold of
the goat.
Get away Raju and Gopal; I will not
leave the goat. Shamu and Tara you
Leave this goat alone. It is
pull the rope from your side.
mine now.
Murli takes back the paper that he had
Stop! Everybody!! Leave this goat alone.
signed and happily tears it off.
It is our goat and we have come to take
it back.
What can I say
Chander? It is after
all your goat. You can
take it back.
Murli you have cheated us by giving your
barren land to us. Take back your land and Sunder and Chander take hold of the
give us our goat back. goat.
23

26. Sunder and Chander, you can take the goat In the meantime Gopi Chacha who was
back. But let me drink its milk at least once. hiding inside the house comes out.
Sunder and Chander were surprised to
see that he was still the same old man.
Bhola: Yes! Yes! I also
want to drink its milk at
least once.
What's this? You have not become
young?
As you sow, so shall you reap !
It means that this goat is not magical. We
have been cheated. The end..ha...ha......
24

27. Now, tell me….
Q.1. Banks do not give loans for the following activity. Mortgaging the house implies
(i) for buying tractor, fertilizers & seeds. (i) Land records will show that the bank has interest in the
house.
(ii) for buying a house
(ii) You can sell it or give it as security for another loan without
(iii) for education and higher studies
informing the bank.
(iv) for gambling and drinking
(iii) The land ownership documents will be held in the custody
of the bank till the loan is repaid.
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (i)&(iii) (c) (i),(ii)&(iii) (d) (iv)
(iv) He/She can use the land/house he/she has purchased with
Q.2. You need to submit following documents to avail of
the bank loan.
education loan
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (ii)&(iii) (c) (i),(iii)&(iv) (d) (i),(iii)&(iv)
(i) mark sheet of the qualifying exam
Q.7. Credit counsellors are not responsible for the following
(ii) admission proof
activities :
(iii) estimate of fees and hostel expenses, etc.
(i) Providing advice and information to people who need credit;
(iv) identitiy proof
(ii) Guiding the borrowers which loan to take, how much to take
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (ii)&(iii) (c) (i),(ii)&(iii) (d) (ii)&(iv) (e) none of the above and how to make the best use of the loan;
Q.3. Under Kisan Credit Card, the farmer can draw money : (iii) Helping in completing the formalities of the bank for
availing the loan ;
(i) to buy seeds, fertilisers and consumption expenses
(iv) Serving as recovery agents of the banks.
(ii) to dig wells
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (ii)&(iii) (c) (i),(ii)&(iii) (d) (iv) only
(iii) to buy tractors, bullocks, implements etc.
Q.8. General credit card (GCC) can be held by
(iv) to construct a house
(a) a farmer
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (ii)&(iii) (c) (i),(ii)&(iii) (d) (iv)
(b) a self-employed
Q.4. Choose the right one :
(c) a student
(a) Tractor is mortgaged
(d) anybody having a savings bank account
(b) Land is hypothecated
Q.9. Kisan credit card (KCC) can be held by
(c) Scooter is hypothecated and house is mortgaged
(a) a farmer
Q.5. Choose which is incorrect
(b) a self-employed
Hypothecation of the tractor means :
(c) a student
(i) The tractor one has purchased with the bank loan will be in
his/her name and possession. (d) anybody having a savings bank account
(ii) He/She can use the tractor purchased with the bank loan. Q.10. Raju advised Murli Chacha to go to a bank to avail of
loans to buy a land for following reasons:
(iii) The bank has the right to recover the amount from the sale of
tractor if he/she fails to repay the loan. (i) Cheaper rate of interest;
(iv) Only the bank's name will be registered in the books of the (ii) He need not sign a blank document;
Road Transport Authority as 'Hypothecated to'.
(iii) Not bonded for life to a bank ;
(v) He/she can not sell the tractor against which he/she has
(iv) formalities and paper work in the interest of the customer;
availed the loan without asking the bank.
(v) all of the above.
(vi) If he/she sells the tractor with bank's permission he/she can
use it to meet his expenses and then repay the bank loan.
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (i),(ii)&(iii) (c) (i),(iii)&(iv) (d) (v)
(a) (i)&(ii) (b) (i),(ii)&(iii) (c) (iv)&(vi) (d) (iv),(v)&(vi) (e) (vi) only
Answers: 1.(d) 2.(c) 3.(d) 4.(c) 5.(e) 6.(c) 7.(d) 8.(d) 9.(a) 10.(d)
Q.6. Tick (?) the correct option.

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Users may exercise their care and judgement while using it.