PHP Frameworks and CodeIgniter

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Presenter:
Khalidc2001@gmail.com

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 OOP – Object Oriented Programming
 PHP
 MySQL
?>
PHP Frameworks and Introduction to Codeigniter Khalidc2001@gmail.com

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 What is Framework ?
 Basic idea of Framework
 What is PHP Framework ?
 MVC Architecture
 MVC ( Model View Controller) Architecture
 What is CodeIgniter ????
 Installation of CodeIgniter
 A Basic Application Development Of Codeigniter
 Making a Website - Demo
 Application Flow of CodeIgniter
 CodeIgniter URL
 Controllers
 Views
 Models
 CodeIgniter Libraries
 Helpers
?>
 Q/A

What is a Framework ?
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 A framework is a set of tools, libraries and
classes intended for separating routine
tasks into independent modules which can
be used repeatedly.
 The main aim of a framework is to allow
software developers to focus on the tasks
which are unique for each project instead of
repetitive code.
?>

Basic Idea Of Web Framework
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 A web application framework
 Is a Software framework
 Designed to support the development of
 Dynamic websites
 Web applications
 Web services
 Aims to alleviate the overhead associated with common activities used in Web
development.
 Libraries for database access
 Templating frameworks
 Session management
 Often promote code reuse
 Many more …….
?>

What is a PHP Framework ?
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 PHP frameworks ….
 Streamline the development of web
 Provides a basic structure for which to build the web
applications.
 Help to promote rapid application development (RAD), which
saves you time,
 Helps build more stable applications,
 Reduce the amount of repetitive coding for developers.
 Ensure proper database interaction and coding on the
presentation layer.
 Allows you to spend more time creating the actual web
?>
application, instead of spending time writing repetitive code.

Comparison of Frameworks
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Source-http://www.phpframeworks.com/
?>

Comparison Parameters
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 MVC: Indicates whether the framework comes with inbuilt support for a Model-View-
Controller setup.
 Multiple DB's: Indicates whether the framework supports multiple databases without
having to change anything.
 ORM: Indicates whether the framework supports an object-record mapper, usually an
implementation of ActiveRecord.
 DB Objects: Indicates whether the framework includes other database objects, like a
TableGateWay.
 Templates: Indicates whether the framework has an inbuilt template engine.
 Caching: Indicates whether the framework includes a caching object or some way
other way of caching.
 Validation: Indicates whether the framework has an inbuilt validation or filtering
 Ajax: Indicates whether the framework comes with inbuilt support for Ajax.
 Auth Module: Indicates whether the framework has an inbuilt module for handling
user authentication.
?>
component.
 Modules: Indicates whether the framework has other modules, like an RSS feed
parser, PDF module or anything else (useful).
 EDP: Event Driven Programming.

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HHooww yyoouu ffiirrsstt ssttaarrtteedd bbuuiillddiinngg wweebbssiitteess..
?>

WWiitthhoouutt MMVVCC
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?>

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HHooww yyoouu’’rree bbuuiillddiinngg wweebbssiitteess nnooww..
?>

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?>
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MVC Architecture
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 Separates User Interface From Business Logic
 Model: All database-related work is done through the model file.
 View: The front-end view (here, HTML) design is contained in the view file.
 Controller: The Controller, the base of MVC, controls everything inside the application. You can use
Views and Models only through a Controller; without a Controller file, your CodeIgniter app will not
run.
?>

CodeIgniter
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 CodeIgniter is based on the Model-View-Controller development pattern.
MVC is a software approach that separates application logic from
presentation.
?>

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 The Model represents your data structures. Typically your
model classes will contain functions that help you retrieve,
insert, and update information in your database.
 The View is the information that is being presented to a
user. A View will normally be a web page, but in CodeIgniter,
a view can also be a page fragment like a header or footer. It
can also be an RSS page, or any other type of "page".
 The Controller serves as an intermediary between the
Model, the View, and any other resources needed to process
the HTTP request and generate a web page.
?>

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1. Your computer will send a request to the Controller
2. The Controller will interact with the Model, making a demand.
3. The Model will make the processing, then return some data to the Controller.
4. The Controller will analyze the results (maybe needs some more data, and it will
make another request to another Model).
5. Finally, the data will be sent to the view, which is interpreted by the webserver, and
will be displayed back in your browser.
?>

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1. You enter on the login page, complete the fields and click Submit.
2. The request is send to the controller, it will ask the model about your identity.
3. The model analyze the data you sent (if you are already a member, if your data is
correct, etc.) and it will send an Accept or a Denial back to the controller.
4. The Controller will analyze the Accept/Denial from the model, and will decide what
5. Finally, it will send “a Welcome” to the view, which will be visible to you as a
Welcome page, or an error page.
?>
to do.

What is CodeIgniter ???
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 An Open Source Web Application Framework
 Nearly Zero Configuration
 MVC ( Model View Controller ) Architecture
 Multiple DB (Database) support
 DB Objects
 Templating
 Caching
 Modules
 Validation
 Rich Sets of Libraries for Commonly Needed Tasks
 Has a Clear, Thorough documentation
?>

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 CodeIgniter is a PHP-based MVC framework that helps
structure your code and make redundant tasks less
tedious.
 There are countless similar PHP frameworks, the most
popular ones being CakePHP and symfony.
 CodeIgniter is very light weight. It doesn‘t force any
convention but provides many commonly required features
through a set of build in libraries.
 CodeIgniter has a low learning curve and is one of the best
documented PHP web frameworks.
?>

WWhhyy CCooddeeIIggnniitteerr ??
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 It is very easy to learn, as it’s deeply documented and very
easy to extend.
 CodeIgniter is a very light PHP framework (2.2 MB
including the entire documentation) compared with:
 1. Zend Framework 1.10.2 Full – 24 MB
 2. symfony 1.4.3 – 5.1 MB
 3. CakePHP 1.2.6 – 4.5 MB
 It lightning fast compared with other PHP Framework,
?>

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Figure : 2 [ Application Flow of CodeIgniter]
?>

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1. The index.php serves as the front controller, initializing the base resources needed
to run CodeIgniter.
2. The Router examines the HTTP request to determine what should be done with it.
3. If a cache file exists, it is sent directly to the browser, bypassing the normal system
execution.
4. Security. Before the application controller is loaded, the HTTP request and any
user submitted data is filtered for security.
5. The Controller loads the model, core libraries, plugins, helpers, and any other
resources needed to process the specific request.
6. The finalized View is rendered then sent to the web browser to be seen. If caching
is enabled, the view is cached first so that on subsequent requests it can be
served.
?>

Installation of CodeIgniter
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 Requirements
 Web Server - Apache / PHP Support Web Server
 PHP – 4.3.2 or Higher
 Database – MySQL ( support for other DB exists )
 Installation
 Download the latest version from www.codeigniter.com
 Extract it, and move the folder to your Web server’s DocumentRoot
(usually /var/www/).
 Rename the extracted codeigniter folder to ‘leave′ (application name).
?>

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• index.php - recieves all
requests and routes to the
right controllers classes and
actions, parameters are
included in the URL
• /system - contains all
CodeIgniter classes and
libraries provided by the
framework
• /application - this is where
your application code is
located, including the model,
view and controller classes

Configuration of CodeIgniter
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 Open “leave/config/config.php” and change base_url value to base url.
For example: http://localhost/leave/
 /var/www/leave/application/config/config.php
 $config['base_url'] = 'http://localhost/leave/'; #Default CodeIgniter URL
 $config['index_page'] = 'index.php'; #Default index page.
?>

Configuration of CodeIgniter -DB
<?php
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 To Use Database open “leave/application/config/database.php” and
change necessary values. Usually you have to change: ‘hostname’,
‘username’, ‘password’, ‘datbase’.
 /var/www/leave/application/config/database.php
?>

Configuration of CodeIgniter –
Autoload
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 autoload.php: This file automatically loads parameters at program start
 /var/www/leave/application/config/autoload.php
 Auto-load database library; others are session, email etc.
 Helpers are APIs that speed up your work. There are many, like ‘file’,
‘form’, etc.
?>

How to run a CI method
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 http://localhost/leave/index.php/hello/aboutpage
The name of a method in your controller
Where you’ve installed CI
/var/www/leave/application/controllers/hello.php
?>
Your main controller file:

Database Test – Model
 /var/www/leave/application/phpinfo();
models/dbtest.php
<?php
echo ?>

Database Test – View
<?php
echo phpinfo();
 /var/www/leave/application/views/dbtestviews.php
?>

Database Test – Controller
<?php
echo phpinfo();
 /var/www/leave/application/controllers/dbTestController.php
?>

Making a Website – CI Demo
 A typical website phpinfo();
layout
<?php
echo ?>
Header
Menu
Content
Footer

Making a Website – CI Demo
 File Structure
php
phpinfo();
<?echo ?>

Demo – Create Controller
 Make a file home.php phpinfo();
within
<?php
echo /var/www/mysite/application/controllers/home.php
?>

Demo – Create Views - Header
 Make a file header.phpinfo();
php within
<?php
echo /var/www/mysite/application/views/mysite_header.php
?>

Demo – Create Views - Menu
 Make a file mysite_phpinfo();
menu.php within
<?php
echo /var/www/mysite/application/views/mysite_menu.php
?>

Demo – Create Views - Footer
menu.php within
<?php
echo /var/www/mysite/application/views/mysite_footer.php
?>

Demo – Putting Altogether
main.php within
<?php
echo /var/www/mysite/application/views/mysite_main.php
?>

Controller and View Sample
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?>

CCoonnttrroolllleerrss
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A Class file resides under “application/controllers”
http:/localhost/myapp/index.php/first
<?php
class First extends Controller{
function First() {
}
function index() {
}
?>
// Output Will be “Hello CUET!!”
?>
parent::Controller();
echo “<h1> Hello CUET !! </h1> “;
}
• Note:
• Class names must start with an Uppercase Letter.
• In case of “constructor” you must use “parent::Controller();”

CCoonnttrroolllleerrss
<?php
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In This Particular Code (Passing parameters)
http:/localhost/myapp/index.php/first/message/world
class First extends Controller{
function index() {
}
function message( $location ) {
}
?>
// Output Will be “Hello world !!”
?>
<?php
echo “<h1> Hello CUET !! </h1> “;
echo “<h2> Hello $location !! </h2>”;
}
• Note:
• The ‘Index’ Function always loads by default. Unless there is a
second segment in the URL

VVIIEEWWSS
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 A Webpage or A page Fragment
 Should be placed under “application/views”
 Never Called Directly
http://localhost/myapp/system/application/views/myview.php
<html>
<title> My First CodeIgniter Project</title>
<body>
<h1> Welcome ALL … To My .. ::: First Project ::: .
. . </h1>
</body>
</html>
?>
42

VIEWS
<?php
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 Calling a VIEW from Controller
 Data Passing to a VIEW from Controller
$this->load->view(‘myview’);
function index() {
$var = array(
);
$this->load->view(‘myview’, $var);
<html>
<title> ..::Personal Info::.. </title>
<body>
Full Name : <?php echo $full_name;?> <br />
E-mail : <?=email;?> <br />
</body>
</html>
?>
‘full_name’ => ‘Khalid C’,
‘email’ => ‘khalidc2001@yahoo.co.in’
}
Controller
View

MMooddeellss
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 Designed to work with Information of Database
 Models Should be placed Under “application/models/”
class Mymodel extend Model{
function Mymodel() {
}
function get_info() {
}
}
?>
Loading a Model inside a Controller
?>
<?php
parent::Model();
$query = $this->db->get(‘name’, 10);
/*Using ActiveRecord*/
return $query->result();
$this->load->model(‘mymodel’);
$data = $this->mymodel->get_info();

DDaattaabbaassee hhaannddlliinngg
<?php
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 CodeIgniter provides a simple
way to access the database.
 It encapsulates the underlying
database (MySQL, Oracle, etc)
 The connection handling is
done by CodeIgniter and
configured through:
/application/config/databa
se.php
 Provides security through
automatic escaping of inserted
data, avoids Cross-Side
Scripting (CSS) attacks
?>
Initializing the Database Class
$this->load->database();
Standard Query With Multiple Results
$query = $this->db->query('SELECT name, email FROM
my_table');
foreach ($query->result() as $row)
{
echo $row->title;
echo $row->email;
}
echo 'Total Results: ' . $query->num_rows();
Database Configuration
$db['default']['hostname'] = 'localhost';
$db['default']['username'] = 'root';
$db['default']['password'] = 'sysadm123';
$db['default']['database'] = 'leave';
$db['default']['dbdriver'] = 'mysql';
$db['default']['dbprefix'] = '';
$db['default']['pconnect'] = TRUE;

Helpers
<?php
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 Simply a collection of functions in a particular category.
 Loading A Helper Inside a Controller
Array Date File HTML Smiley Text
URL Cookie Download Form Security String
Directory E-mail Inflector XML Parser Typography
$this->load->helper(array(‘form’,’url’) );
?>
$this->load->helper(‘helper_name’);

HHeellppeerrss
<?php
echo phpinfo();
 These are small PHP functions that provide shortcuts, to
outsource often used code
 Helper functions are located in /application/helpers/
 For example formatting, text, url or form helpers
 Needs to be loaded through: $this->load->helper(‘name‘);
 For example, to load the URL Helper file,
 $this->load->helper('url');
 $this->load->helper('url');
 anchor("books/main","List of Books");
?>
(<a href="books/main">List of Books </a> )

HHeellppeerrss
 form_open()
 form_open_multipart()
 form_input()
phpinfo();
 form_textarea()
<?php
 form_checkbox()
 form_submit()
 form_echo close()
 site_url()
 base_url()
 anchor()
 anchor_popup()
 mailto()
?>
Form Helper
URL Helper

CodeIgniter Libraries
<?php
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 Special Purpose Classes
 Libraries are similar to helpers
 Loaded through: $this->load->library('classname');
 The difference is that they encapsulate more complex
functionality, such as image processing, form validation
handling, caching, etc.
 Libraries allow to dynamically extend CodeIgniters
functionality and extendability
?>

CCooddeeIIggnniitteerr LLiibbrraarriieess
<?php
echo phpinfo();
Special Purpose Classes
Benchmarking Database Encryption Calendaring
FTP Table File Uploading Email
Image Manipulation Pagination Input and Security HTML
Trackback Parser Session Template
Unit Testing User Agent URI Validation
Loading CodeIgniter Library
$this->load->library(‘database’);
?>

CCooddeeIIggnniitteerr LLiibbrraarriieess
<?php
echo phpinfo();
Database Library
function index() {
$this->load->library(‘database’);
$rslt = $this->db->query(“select first_name from user_name”);
foreach( $rslt->result() as $row_data)
?>
echo $row_data->first_name . “<br />”;
}

<?php
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QQuueessttiioonnss && AAnnsswweerrss
?>

Useful Links
<?php
echo phpinfo();
http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/index.html
?>

PHP Frameworks and CodeIgniter

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