The Development of a Child in Social and Physical Development

3. EARLY
CHILDHOOD

4. Children live in a world of
imagination and feeling…. They
invest the most significant object
with any form they please, and
see it in whatever they wish to
see.

5. DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Dr Deirdre White - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

6. WHAT IS EARLY CHILDHOOD
DEVELOPMENT?

7. CHILDHOOD
BEGINS WHEN THE RELATIVE
DEPENDENCY OF BABYHOOD
IS OVER AT THE AGE OF 2
YEARS EXTENDS TO THE
TIME WHEN THE CHILD
BECOMES SEXUALLY
MATURE.

8. Early childhood is
subdivided into two
separate periods:
Early & Late Childhood
- Early childhood extends from
two to six years and late
childhood extends from six to the
time the child becomes sexually
mature.

9. REASON
BETWEEN THE
DIVIDING LINE OF
EARLY AND LATE
CHILDHOOD

10. The reason why placing the
dividing line between early and
late childhood at six years is
significant is that it is not
influenced by physical but by
social factors.

11. Characteristics of Early Childhood
• Names used by Parents
Most parents consider early childhood a problem age or a troublesome age.
Parents often refer to early childhood as the toy age.
• Names used by Educators
Educators refer to early childhood years as the preschool age.
- The early childhood years, either in the home or in a preschool, are a time of
preparation.
• Names used by Psychologists
“PREGANG AGE”, one of the most commonly applied names. They refer to early
childhood as the Exploratory Age, Questioning Age, Creative Age, and Initiative Age.

13. Babies have learned to walk.
Babies have learned to take solid foods.
Achieved a reasonable degree of physiological stability.
The major task of learning to control the elimination of body
wastes has been almost completed.
Have reasonably correct pronunciation.
Comprehend the meaning and simple statements and
commands.

14. • Can put together several words into
meaningful sentences.
• Comprehend what other say to them
is still on a low level.

15. • Learning to relate emotionally to
parents, siblings, and other people.

16. • Children must learn to give as well as
to receive affection.

17. PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT

18. •HEIGHT
by the age of six, the average child measures 46.6 inches.

19. •WEIGHT
At the age of six, children seven times
as much as they did at birth.
GIRL- 48.5 POUNDS
BOY- 49 POUNDS

20. •BODY
THE BABY LOOK DISAPPEARS.

21. Have a n endomorphic, mesomorphic and
ectomorphic body build.

22. BONES AND MUSCLES
The muscles become stronger , larger and heavier.

23. •FAT
• - Children who tend toward endomorphy have
more adipose than muscular tissue those tend
toward mesomorphy have more muscular than
adipose tissue; and those with an ectomorphic
build have both small muscles and little adipose
tissue.

24. • During the first four to six months of early childhood, the
last four baby teeth-the back molars – erupt.
• The baby teeth begin to be replaced by permanent teeth.
• When earl childhood ends, the child generally has one or
two permanent teeth.

25. PHYSIOLOGICAL HABITS

26. → The child learns to eat their meals at a right
times.
→Young children’s appetite are not as ravenous
as the were in babyhood.
→Three-year olds sleep approximately twelve
out of the twenty-four hours.

27. Thank You and God Bless 
Prepared by: Juliet A. Origenes

28. SKILLS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD
• Early Childhood-
Ideal age to learn skills.

29. 3 Reasons why:
1st – young children enjoy repetition
2nd -young children are adventuresome
3rd- young children learn easily and quickly

30. Early Childhood
• Teachable
moment

31. TYPICAL SKILLS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD

32. TWO CATEGORIES :
1. HAND SKILLS
2. LEG SKILLS

33. 1. HAND SKILLS
SELF-FEEDING
DRESSING
BRUSHING HAIR
BATHING

34. 2. LEG SKILLS
HOP, SKIP, GALLOP AND JUMP
CLIMBING
TRICYCLING
SWIMMING
BALANCING ON RAILS
JUMPING ROPE
ROLLER SKATING
ICE SAKTING
DANCING

35. TYPES OF BODY BUILD IN CHILDREN
1. ECTOMORPHIC BODY BUILD
- SLENDER BODY WIYH SLIGHT MUSCULAR
DEVELOPMENT
2. MESOMORPHIC BODY BUILD
- HAVING A HUSKY MUSCULAR BODY BUILD
3. ENDOMORPHIC BODY BUILD
- HAVING A HEAVY ROUNDED BODY

36. HANDEDNESS
• The tendency of using one hand than
the other.

37. IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPEECH DURING
EARLY CHILDHOOD

38. • REASONS FOR
MOTIVATING CHILDREN
TO LEARN TO SPEAK.
• 1ST
• They must improve their
ability to comprehend.
• They must improve their
own speech.

39. IMPROVEMENT IN
COMPREHENSION
COMPREHENSION – influenced by how
attentively children listen to what is said
to them.
Children must understand what other
says to them.

40. IMPROVEMENT IN SPEECH SKILLS

41. 1.Parents of today talk more to
their children.
2.Children have more contacts
with their peers.

42. • PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS
- certain words
• VOCABULARY BUILDING
- general vocabulary words, numbers, and
colors.
• FORMING SENTENCES
- 3-4 sentences for 2 to3 years old.

43. CONTENT OF SPEECH
The speech of young children is egocentric.
Unsocial
Unkind
Name-calling
Boasting
More social & less egocentric
Themselves & their activities.

44. • Intelligence
• Type of discipline
• Ordinal position
• Family size
• Socio-economic status
• Racial status
• Bilingualism
• Sex-role typing

45. EMOTIONS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD

46. COMMON EMOTIONAL
PATTERNS

47. COMMON EMOTIONS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD
Anger
Fear
Jealousy
Curiosity
Envy
Joy
Grief
Affection

55. NEGATIVISM
AGGRESIVENESS
ASCENDANT BEHAVIOR
SELFISHNESS
EGOCENTRISM
DESTRUCTIVENESS
SEX ANTAGONISM
PREJUDICE

57. -Treating a pet a real person
-Imaginary playmates

58. TWO TYPES:
1. TYRANNICAL BOSSES
2. DIPLOMATS

59. D. SPATIAL REPRESENTATION
1. Spatial understanding improves rapidly over the third year
of life. With this representational capacity, children realize
that a spatial symbol stands for a specific state of affairs in
the real world.
2. Insight into one type of symbol-real world relation, such as
that represented by a
photograph, helps preschoolers understand others, such as
simple maps.

60. PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

61. Early childhood is commonly
known as the “toy stage” .
Play in childhood is a serious
business.

62. VARIATIONS IN PLAY INTERESTS

63. THE PLAY INTERESTS OF YOUNG CHILDREN
CONFORM MORE OR LESS CLOSELY TO A
PATTERN WHICH IS MARKEDLY
INFLUENCED BY THEI MATURATIONAL
READINESS FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF PLAY
AND BY THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH
THEY ARE GROWING UP.

64. HIGHLY INTELLIGENT CHILDREN SHOW A
PREFERENCE FOR DRAMATIC PLAY
AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES AND
FOR BOOKS WHICH INFORM
RATHER THAN MERELY AMUSE.

65. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUE OF THE
FAMILY
THE TYPE OF PLAY EQUIPMENT
CHILDREN HAVE LIKEWISE
INFLUENCES THE PATTERN OF THIS
PLAY.

66. WELL-DEVELOPED MOTOR SKILLS
ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO ENGAGE IN
GAMES AND CONSTRUCTION WHILE
POOR MOTOR SKILLS ENCOURAGE
THEM TO DEVOTE THEIR PLAY TIME TO
AMUSEMENTS.

67. Creative children spend
much of their play time
doing something original
with toys and play
equipment while
noncreative children
follow a pattern set by
others.

68. PLAY PATTERNS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD
TOY PLAY DRAMATIZATIONS
CONSTRUCTIONS,
MOVIES, RADIO
AND TELEVISION
GAMES,
READING

69. DEVELOPMENT OF
UNDERSTANDING
Increased intellectual abilities
Increased ability bto explore their
environments
Increased ability to ask question

70. • LIFE
• DEATH
• SPACE
• WEIGHT
• NUMBERS
• TIME
• SELF
• BEAUTY

71. MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN
EARLY CHILDHOOD

72. MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY
CHILDHOOD IS ON A LOW LEVEL. THE
REASON FOR THIS IS THAT YOUNG
CHILDREN’S INTELLECTULA
DEVELOPMENT HAS NOT YET REACHED
THE POINT WHERE THEY CAN LERAN OR
APPLY ABSTRACT PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT
AND WRONG.

73. IT HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY WHAT PIAGET
HAS CALLED
‘ MORALITY OF CONSTRAINT’.

74. DISCIPLINE IN EARLY
CHILDHOOD

75. DISCIPLINE IS SOCIETY’S WAY OF
TEACHING CHILDREN THE MORAL
BEHAVIOR APPROVED BY THE SOCIAL
GROUP.

76. 3 ESSENTIAL
ELEMENTS
RULES AND
LAW
PUNISHMENT
REWARDS

77. THREE METHODS IN
DISCIPLINING
CHILDREN
• Authorization Discipline
• Permissive Discipline
• Democratic Discipline

78. CHILDHOOD MISDEMEANOR
Misdemeanor-
Mild forms of breaking of rules
or misbehavior.

79. There are 3 common causes of misdemeanor
during the early childhood years.
-First, young children may misbehave due to to
ignorance of the fact that their behavior is
disapproved by the social group.

80. -Second, many young children learn that
willful disobedience of a minor sort will
generally bring them more attention than a
good behavior.

81. -Third, boredom may be
responsible for much
misbehavior during the
years of the early
childhood.

83. THANK YOU!!!