Conferência Ethos 2012

1. Green Economy & Poverty Eradication
Pavan Sukhdev
McKluskey Fellow 2011, Yale University
Founder-CEO, GIST Advisory

2. Green Economy : Definition
“A Green Economy is defined as one
that results in improved human well-
being and social equity, whilst
significantly reducing environmental
risks and ecological scarcities.”
UNEP, Feb 2011
Green Economy and Sustainable
Development: Green Economy is the
best economic vehicle to achieve
sustainable development goals.
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative

3. “Towards a Green Economy”
(UNEP)
FOCUS STRATEGY
• Design and drive • Establish “Enabling Conditions”
transformation in key (regulations, subsidies, taxes
sectors critical / highly and related reforms)
material for “greening” • Promote public and private
the global economy investment
KEY SECTORS
• Agriculture, Freshwater, Forests, Fisheries, Energy,
Transportation, Manufacturing, Waste, Buildings, Cities, Tourism
SCENARIO ANALYSIS
• “T-21” model, includes Natural Capital , to forecast outcomes
on Capital stock, GDP growth, Employment
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative – GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
UNEP

4. Agriculture : Importance of Small Farms
• Approximately 2.6 billion • 10 percent increase in farm
people rely on agricultural yields -> 7 % reduction in
production systems for their poverty in Africa, more than
livelihood. (FAO, 2009) 5 % in Asia
• 525 million small farms
world wide, 404 million less • Green farming practices have
than two hectares of land increased yields, especially on
(Nagayets, 2005), Small small farms, between 79 %
farms cultivate 60 % of (Pretty et al, 2006) and 180 %.
arable land (Herren et al.
2010)
An increase in overall GDP coming from agricultural labor productivity is on average 2.5
times more effective in raising the incomes of the poorest quintile in developing countries
than an equivalent increase in GDP coming from non-agricultural labor productivity.
UNEP – GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
UNEP – GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE

5. Agriculture in Uganda
OA Growth in Uganda Environmental Impact
48-68% lower carbon emissions
296,203 ha/ Carbon Sequestration
206,803 Low fertilizer use
60%/ 359% farmers
increase (2008)
185,000 ha,
45,000 farmers
(2004)
OA Exports in Uganda Business Opportunity
Organic food & drink market
US$ 22.8 mil (2007/8)
97% revenue in OECD
US$ 6.2 mil (2004/5)
countries
US$ 3.7 mil (2003/4)
80% producers in developing
countries
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative (Developing Countries Success Stories)

6. Solar PV in Bangladesh
Innovative Business Model
Grameen Shakti (GS)

7. Solar Heaters in China
China is world’s largest market Implementation Plan on
for Solar Water Heaters Promoting Solar Thermal
• 2/3rd of global capacity Utilization in 2007 (under 11th
• 10% of population Five-Year Plan for New and
• 4o mil SWH systems Renewable Energy)
Economic Environmental Social
Benefits Benefits Benefits
Reduce risk of CO
Industry/ Highly Reduce fossil fuel
poisoning, Rheumatoid
profitable consumption
arthritis
Household/ save fuel Save 348,000 t SCE of
600,000 employed
costs (342 – 3321 yuan) fossil energy/ year
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative (Developing Countries Success Stories)

8. Rural Ecological Infrastructure in India
National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA)
Objectives
Guarantee wage and employment;
Strengthen rural natural resource Key Benefits and Impacts
management Improved rural livelihoods &inclusive
growth
Strategy -Work for 30 mln. families per year
-
Labor-intensive implementation in - Wage increases of 25 % in 3 years
615 rural districts
Improved rural ecological infrastructure
- 850,000 water conservation works
Ecosystem Initiatives under NREGA completed from 2006
2006-08
Financing for rural works addressing - Estimated 5 mln. liters of water
causes of drought, deforestation and conserved (in Uttar Pradesh,)
soil erosion - Increased crop yields and ground water
replenishment (in Andhra Pradesh)
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative (Developing Countries Success Stories)

9. Forest Management in Nepal
1.9% rate of forest decrease 1.35% annual increase
1990s: Before 2000-05: With
community forestry community forestry
Community Forest User Groups
(CFUGs) manage 25% of forest area
Economic Environmental Social
Benefits Benefits Benefits
Develop their
Set
own
harvesting Employment & Increased Community
operational
rules income for forest area & acceptance &
plans density
local users goodwill
Decide Sustainable Enhanced soil
Set rates for surplus wood fuel & water
products income sources management
distribution
Source: UNEP Green Economy Initiative (Developing Countries Success Stories)

10. Goals of Sustainable Development
Four key and broad goals of Sustainable Development are :-
1. Improved human well-being : Better health, education, & wealth for all ;
high employment to ensure dignity of life and labour
2. Increased social equity : Ending persistent poverty ; improving the
income of the poor farmer and city dweller; ensuring inclusion at every
level – social, economic, financial
3. Reduced environmental risks : Concerted efforts to reduce damages from
Climate Change, Ocean Acidification, Hazardous chemicals, Pollutants, &
excessive or mis-managed Waste
4. Reduced ecological scarcities : Freshwater availability (exported foodgrain
means imported water shortage), Soil fertility (ecosystem degradation &
excessive fertilizer use are root causes of lost soil fertility), Land availibility
(for crops & livestock), Coastal & Coral seas (for fish)

11. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
1975 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species Japan
4
Brazil
Meets minimum criteria for
2 sustainability
Indonesia China
India
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

12. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
1980 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
Japan
4
Brazil
2 Meets minimum criteria for
Indonesia China sustainability
India
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

13. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
1985 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4 World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
Brazil
2 Meets minimum criteria for
India
Indonesia China sustainability
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

14. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
1990 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
Brazil
2
Indonesia China Meets minimum criteria for
India sustainability
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

15. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
1995 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity p Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
er person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
Brazil
2
Indonesia China Meets minimum criteria for
India
sustainability
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

16. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
2000 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4
Brazil
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
2
Indonesia China Meets minimum criteria for
India
sustainability
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

17. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
2005 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4
Brazil
World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species
2 Cuba
Indonesia China
India Meets minimum criteria for
sustainability
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

18. Historical Trends of Human Development
and Ecological Footprint for Select
12 Countries (1975-2008) Australia
Threshold for high human development
10
8
2008 U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
6 Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
per person, low development
per person, high development
Japan
4
Brazil
2 World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species Cuba
Indonesia China
India
Meets minimum criteria for
Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development sustainability
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Human Development Index
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

19. Human Development and Ecological Footprint
for ALL Countries (2008)
12
Threshold for high human development
Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
10 per person, high development
Kuwait
UAE
8
U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
Australia
Canada
6
Russia Korea Rep
4 Japan
Brazil Mexico
South Africa China
2 World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species Cuba
Nigeria
IndiaIndonesia Meets minimum criteria for s
Afghanistan Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development ustainability
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

20. Human Development and Ecological Footprint
for ALL Countries (2008)
12
Threshold for high human development
Meeting the Goals of Sustainable Development
Exceeds biosphere’s average capacity
10 with “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities” per person, high development
Kuwait
means:
UAE
8  Green Development in developing countries
U.S.A.
Ecological Footprint
 Reducing Footprint in developed countries Canada
Australia
6
Russia Korea Rep
4 Japan
Brazil Mexico
South Africa China
2 World average biocapacity available per person, ignoring needs of wild species Cuba
Nigeria
IndiaIndonesia Meets minimum criteria for s
Afghanistan Within biosphere’s average capacity per person, low development ustainability
0
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Source: Global Footprint Network and UNDP

21. Thank You!
www.unep.org/greeneconomy
www.gistadvisory.com