What is a Project and Project Management? This presentation helps you to gain more knowledge about how to manage a project and helps in understanding the Project Life Cycle.
2. What is a Project?
It is a group of unique, inter-related activities that
are planned and executed in a certain sequence to
create a unique product and services within a
specific time frame, scope and budget.
The Project Management Institute (U.S.A.) has
defined project as,
‘’a combination of human and non - human
resources, pooled together in a temporary
organization to achieve a specific purpose’’.
3. What is Project Management?
• Project management is a system of procedures, practices,
technologies and know-how that enables the planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling necessary
to successfully manage a project.
• The primary challenge of project management is to
achieve all of the project goals and objectives while
honoring the preconceived constraints.
• Typical constraints are scope, time and budget. The
secondary—and more ambitious—challenge is
to optimize the allocation and integrate the inputs
necessary to meet pre-defined objectives.
4. Project Manager:
• A project manager is the person responsible for
supervising a systems project from initiation to
conclusion.
5. Project characteristics:
Objective
Unique activities
Attainment of specific goal
Specified time
Interrelated activities
Life-cycle
Sequences of activities
7. Functions of Project
Management:
• Scoping – setting the boundaries of the project
• Planning – identifying the tasks required to complete
the project
• Estimating – identifying resources required to complete
the project
• Scheduling – developing a plan to complete the project
• Organizing – making sure members understand their
roles and responsibilities
8. Functions of Project
Management:
• Directing – coordinating the project
• Controlling – monitoring progress
• Closing – assessing success and failure
9. Measures of project success:
The resulting information system is acceptable
to the customers (e.g. users, managers).
The system was delivered ‚on time.‛
The system was delivered ‚within budget.‛
10. Measures of project failure:
Failure to establish upper-management
commitment to the project
Lack of organization’s commitment to the
methodology
Taking shortcuts through or around the
methodology
Poor Project management:
Feature creep
Scope creep
12. What is Project Life Cycle?
• The attention that a project receives isn’t uniformly
distributed throughout its life span but varies from
phase to phase.
• Most projects pass through the following five phases,
which tend to overlap at times:
Conceptio Definition Planning
Implementatio
Clean up
n n
13. Significance of Project Life
Cycle:
It defines:
The phases of the project (time)
The work performed in each phase (work)
The input and output of each phase (result)
The milestone of each phase (end sign)
15. Conception/Initiation Phase:
• Conception is the phase during which the project
idea finds genesis and germinates, out of:
the need to solve a problem,
the observance of one’s environment,
the drive to innovate something new.
• This phase is essential and if flawed, it may lead to
defective and dysfunctional projects.
• A well conceived project goes a long way towards
successful implementation and operation.
16. Definition Phase:
• The definition phase of the project involves
developing the idea generated during Conception
phase.
• It produces a document describing the project in
sufficient detail, covering all necessary aspects
like the manpower, materials, machinery, layout,
utilities and feasibility.
• It clears most of the ambiguities and
uncertainties about the formation made in the
previous phase.
17. Planning Phase:
• This phase starts almost immediately after the
conception phase and overlaps with both
definition and implementation phases.
• This phase involves the preparation for the
project to take – off smoothly and effects many
decisions related to the ‘project basics’.
• It involves both Core planning and facilitating
planning.
18. Core Planning:
Scope Definition
Activity Definition
Activity Sequencing
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development
Resource Planning
Cost Estimating
Cost Budgeting
Project Plan Development
20. Implementation Phase:
• This phase is a period of ‘’hectic activity’’. During this
period, the idea starts materializing physically and
tangibly and for the first time, the project can be seen off
the paper.
• Usually, 80-85 percent of the project work is done in this
phase using all techniques of project management.
• The various sub – phases of this phase, which often
overlap, are as following:
Commissioni
Engineering Procurement Construction
ng
21. Implementation Phase: (Contd)
Project Plan Execution
Complete Work Packages
Information Distribution
Scope Verification
Quality Assurance Team Development
Progress Meetings
Information Distribution
Source Selection
Contract Administration
22. Controlling:
• Controls are performed to regularly measure
project performance, to adjust project plans and
take preventive actions in anticipation of
possible problems.
23. Clean – up/Termination
Phase:
• This is the transition phase in which the project is
handed over to the operators and/or agencies
responsible for maintaining it.
• This phase is a clean – up task in which all project
accounts are closed, Outstanding payments are
settled and dues are collected.
• All previous phases involve compartmentalized
disposition of the project personnel and that task
is winded - down in this phase.
24. Clean – up Phase: (Contd)
• Administrative Closure – generating necessary
information to formally recognize phase or project
completion.
• Contract Close-out – completion and delivery of
project deliverables and resolving open issues. It
includes:
Purchase Audits
Product Verification
Formal Acceptance
Lessons Learnt
Update of Records
Archives of Records
Releasing the Project Team