9. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch1 - 1
1.1 Purpose of the Document
This document will combine end-to-end guidelines including: Access, Outside Plant (OSP) & Inside Plant
(ISP) covering all aspects required for implementing a smooth roll-out of the Gigabit-capable Passive
Optical Network (GPON) and all services shall be offered.
This document shall ensure that the investment made in the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology can be
used most efficiently in future and ensure, that the network planned today is future proof. Zero touch, no
future additional burying to extend the network and the way forward to all-IP network are the buzzwords.
1.2 Type of Tenancies and Definitions
“Residential Tenants” refers to private users in their homes. Residential users may live in ―MDU‖ (Multi-
Dwelling Units such as apartments / condominiums) or ―SFU‖ (Single-Family dwelling Units such as stand-
alone houses / villas / land property).
“Business Tenants” refers to large (corporate), medium, and small business, Small-Office-Home-Office
Business (SOHO) users. Types: Whole building owned by one customer, Open floor: many offices on floor
(ONT in each office).
1.2.1 Home / Business Pass
Fiber terminated in the Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from
the access Point of Presence (POP) without an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) port allocated.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Figure 1-1: Home / Business Pass
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1.2.2 Active Home / Business Pass
Fiber terminated in the FDH in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from the access POP with
an active OLT port terminated.
Notes:
Active Home / Business Pass state to be added in internal reporting and to be used for Home /
Business Pass SLA commitments.
Home / Business Pass and Active Home / Business Pass figures shall show actual number of flats
/ villas covered and NOT the splitter ports.
1.2.3 Home / Business Ready
Fiber is extended into the customers premise and terminated on a Rosette, with an active OLT port
terminated.
Figure 1-2: Active Home / Business Pass
Figure 1-3: Home / Business Ready
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1.2.4 Fiber Activated Home / Business
ONT is installed and activated and at least one service is up and running over the FTTH/B network.
Figure 1-4: Fiber Activated Home / Business
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2.1 Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
The twenty-first century heralded countless changes in the telecommunications, means to deliver services
to residential and business consumers. The phenomenon is underpinned by two technologies: Internet
Protocol (IP) and Optical Fiber. The technology provides triple play (viz) voice, video, and data services
over a common protocol—IP. Operators are quickly moving to maximize the number of services offered to
a single customer via a bundled offering. Technologies such as IP telephony, IP Television (IPTV), and
broadband will become a common requirement.
As bundled services and technologies are deployed, the legacy networks designed to efficiently deliver a
single service are stressed, and in many cases incapable of offering the desired services.
The telecommunications has matured to offer network convergence and enable the revolution of consumer
media device interaction. The aging copper access infrastructure in residential and business locations is
unable to meet the demand of increase in bandwidth for several applications. These demands can only be
met by the deeper penetration of optical fiber in Access Networks and increasing deployment of Fiber-to-
the-Home (FTTH). As a result, FTTH is the fastest-growing global broadband technology with significant
deployments.
The development of single mode optical fiber, with its nearly unlimited bandwidth has unlocked the possibilities for
massive deployment of long-haul and access fiber optic networks, resulting in three important changes:
Huge capacity increases
Substantial cost reductions in equipment, operations and maintenance
Significantly improved Quality of Service (QoS)
2.2 Bandwidth Demand
Operators will need capability of delivering more than 40Mbps per tenant over the next few years, as
multiple services are used in the home. High-Definition TV (HDTV) becomes more prevalent, and users
demand faster internet connections. Hence, the need to deploy more single mode optical fiber, deeper in
the Access Networks, has become a necessity. Such a fiber deployment shall meet the high bandwidth
requirements of customers, ensure the network future proof, maximizes the symmetrical bandwidth
throughput of a carrier‘s Access Network, provide network reliability, reduce operating expenses and will
enhance the revenue opportunities. The industry refers to this technology as Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH).
Chapter 2 – Technology Overview
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2.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON)
The Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) family of specifications has been released by the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the ITU-T G-984.x series of documents starting from 2003.
GPON technology is not backward compatible to APON or BPON. An alternative technology has been
specified by the North American IEEE based on Ethernet and thus named Ethernet PON (EPON) or Gigabit
Ethernet PON (GEPON). The corresponding standard is IEEE 802.3ah. EPON and GEPON are not
compatible.
All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a Passive Optical Network as shown in
Figure 2-1. A number of terminals at the customer side communicate with the same port of the Optical Line
Terminal (OLT) in the Central Office (CO). The full bandwidth of this port is shared between the connected
Optical Network Terminals (ONT‘s).
ONT‘s can be designed for single or multiple user Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) deployment.
ONT‘s are available for indoor and outdoor installation. In Etisalat, both indoor and outdoor type shall be
deployed. ONT‘s can be located directly in the customer premises.
GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7 combinations of Upstream
(1260nm–1360nm) and Downstream (1480nm-1500nm) transmission rates are possible, of which the
highest are 2.5Gbit/s and 1.25Gbit/s.
Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25Gbit/s for upstream
transmission in order to be most future-proof.
The single fiber GPON operates on different wavelengths for upstream and downstream directions.
Figure 2-1: Principle Layout of Passive Optical Network
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Parameter Category:
Downstream 2.5 Gbit/s Nominal
Upstream 1.25 Gbit/s Nominal
All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.
2.4 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
OLT is installed in the Central Office in standard 19" ETSI rack with front access for fiber termination. The
OLT has;
2 or 3 sub-racks
Each sub-rack supports 16 GPON cards
Each card has four/eight PON ports.
These are active equipments, each capable to deliver 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream. The
laser at the OLT is a distributed-feedback laser, and is always on.
Figure 2-2: Typical GPON Deployment
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2.5 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
The ONT receives the signal from the OLT and converts into usable electronic signals for the user‘s
telephone, computer, TV or other devices. The ONT also serves to communicate IP traffic back to the OLT,
such that voice conversations can occur, Web pages can be requested, and TV channels can be changed,
all at the same time. Typically, the ONT can be connected to a battery backup device, providing a limited
time period (typically 8 hours standby) of lifeline services.
Figure 2-3: Optical Line Terminal
Figure 2-4: ONT, Huawei HG851A
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3.1 OSP Overview
A wide array of Outside Plant components are used to build FTTH networks. All FTTH networks inherently
are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the
unique nature of the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical.
The optical fiber carries the signal to the user and is divided into three sections:
Main (feeder) Cable terminated at the CO,
Distribution Cable fanning out across the Access Network and connect to the main cable ―feeds‖,
and
Drop Cable used to physically connect the users to the distribution cable.
As a medium, optical fiber‘s bandwidth is only limited by the transmitters of the OLT and hence future-
proofs the Access Network because of its tremendous bandwidth capacity (refer to Figure 2-2).
Figure 3-1: GPON Outside Plant & Components
Chapter 3 – Outside Plant Materials
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The aggregation of splitters is typically, either in a street cabinet or in the Optical Distribution Frame (ODF),
installed in the telecom room. This is the convergence point between main cable and distribution cable
network. From the splitter, a dedicated fiber is assigned to each customer. These dedicated fibers to each
customer, may have to snake its way into the neighborhoods in the distribution cable then to a drop cable
closures, sited close to group villas, in the joint box. From the drop cable closure, drop cables usually
containing one fiber are laid directly to the subscriber‘s ONT box.
3.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)
ODF‘s are standard 19" inch ETSI rack and can accommodate multiples of unirack of height 1U (4.44cm) or
2U (8.88cm) etc. These have varying termination capacities for FC and SC connectivity, and usually
installed in CO and in the telecom rooms of high rise building.
At present, these have 24 SC/APC ports per 1U and 72 SC/APC ports in 2U uniracks. Efforts are being
made to increase the number of ports per 1U and 2U uniracks.
Figure 3-2: Optical Distribution Frame, 42U R&M
Brand
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For cross-connecting the fibers between Under Ground (UG) cables or main cable, splitter output and drop
cables / distribution cable, patch cords in different lengths and connectivity are available for use.
3.3 High Density ODF
The High Density (HD) ODF is complete and optimized solution for cross connections.
HD ODF Rack consists of 2 racks with 44U unirack (HD Swing Patch Panel) and cable managers
(organizers) in the middle between the 2 racks.
Capacity of HD ODF is up to 2,112 fibers per rack with SC/APC connectors.
HD Patch Panel is pre-installed with 48 ports SC/APC per unirack module, and 8C pre-connectorized
ribbon fan-out cord.
HD ODF is ETSI standards. HD ODF installed in vertical direction and located at indoor Central Office
part.
Figure 3-3: Unirack module
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Figure 3-4: High Density ODF
Figure 3-5: High Density Swing-type Patch Panel
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3.4 Feeder Fiber Section
The feeder fiber section in the Outside Plant (OSP) corresponds in general with the E-side cable section of
the Access Network. Thus, this section bridges the Central Office ODF with the remote splitter(s) normally
housed in the optical cabinet / Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) following the existing duct routes.
3.5 Joint Closure
Joint Closure is used to join fiber optic cables to extend the reach, and also to branch out cables leading to
different FDH or Drop cable closures. It also provides protection for the fiber splices as well.
Figure 3-6: Ribbon Fiber Cable
Figure 3-7: Joint Closure
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3.6 Outdoor FDH
The outdoor FDH also known as street cabinet houses 2:32-splitters, patch panels and patch cord drawers.
It is usually placed to serve customers living in villa area or SFU area. Refer to FTTH Development
Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 8 for different types of FDH.
3.7 Distribution Fiber Section
The distribution fiber section starts always from the location of the cabinet / FDH and the cable routes are
dictated by the duct routes. Thus, the distribution fiber cables have to follow the routes of the duct-ways
along the way to the customer premises.
Figure 3-9: Loose tube Fiber Cable
Figure 3-8: Outdoor FDH, Huawei
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3.8 Drop Cable Closures (Joint Box-Type)
These are designed to accommodate a single cable entry with multiples of drop cable outlet. A single fiber
is spliced through in the closure to reduce the size of distribution cable to the street cabinet
Figure 3-10: Drop Closure
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4.1 ISP Overview
Inside Plant refers to the in-building network, the materials involve are indoor FDH, multicore cable, optical
drop cables, SC/APC fast-field connectors, SC/APC adapters, in-house fiber termination box (also known
as Micro-ODF / Rosettes) and others.
4.2 ISP Fiber Distribution Hub – FDH
It is the Local Convergence Point (LCP) serves as the splitter and connection point. It provides individual
subscriber connectivity to splitter outputs and serves as demarcation between the feeder and distribution
portions of the network. The most common FDH today contains the optical splitters (2:32 or 2:8). Indoor
FDH are usually installed inside the main telecom room of a building.
Floor standing or free standing-type FDH cabinets, like 42U unirack frames with modules and
splitters are classified as indoor FDH or FDH (I).
FDH cabinets that are attached or mounted on the wall are classified as wall mount indoor FDH or
FDH (W).
Figure 4-1: Wall-mount FDH (left), Floor standing-type FDH (right)
Chapter 4 – Inside Plant Materials
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4.3 Multicore Riser Cable
Optical riser cables to connect MDU terminals (also known as Floor Termination Box) to the FDH in the
basement or ground floor of the building. Riser cables normally in the variations of 8F, 12F, 16F or 24F
vertically installed thru risers (tray or duct) and terminated in Floor Termination Boxes installed in floors.
4.4 Floor Distribution Box (FDB) or Termination Box
FDB serves a transition point between a riser and drop cables in a Multicore Architecture build ups. It
provides a convenient optical interface for one or several distribution and/or drop connections. FDB‘s are
normally installed wall-mounted inside floor telephone rooms in variations of 8F or 12F terminations.
Figure 4-3: Floor Distribution Box, Corning
Figure 4-2: Multicore cable
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4.5 SC/APC Adapter
Universal SC/APC adapter is used for fiber patching in FDH, termination box, Micro-ODF, etc.
Low insertion loss
Good connector repeatability and connection durability
Composite green housing
Ceramic insert and flanged with single plate.
4.6 Field-Installable SC/APC Connector
It provides quick, easy and clean connectorization in the field. And needs a simple tool kit for standard drop
cable 1F & 2F and low friction types drop cables and multicore riser cable.
Low insertion loss, ≥ 50 dB return loss fast-field connectors angled polished type.
It is compatible with ITU-T G.652 single mode fibers 250µm or 900µm drop and riser cables.
Figure 4-4: SC/APC Adapter
Figure 4-5: SC/APC Connector
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4.7 Drop Cable
Low attenuation single mode type ITU-T G.652 optical drop cable. There are standard flat type 1F, low
friction-type 1F, bend insensitive 1F and round-type 1F optical drop cables.
These cables are low in attenuation and high tensile rating with either steel or aramid yarn strength
member very flexible in cable pulling. It has a typical loss of less than or equal to 0.38dB/km at 1310nm
and less than or equal to 0.25dB/km at 1550nm.
Different types of drop cables are available for indoor and outdoor applications and in different sizes.
In new buildings, the owners are expected to pre-wire the buildings with 1F indoor type drop cables. These
drop cables are very compact and have bending radius of 15mm.
Initially, Etisalat may stock these types of cables to meet the builder‘s requirement for reasons of fiber
compatibility. End users shall be encouraged to procure these from the market (fiber shall conform to ITU-T
(CCITT) Recommendation G652D for Outdoor Drop Cables and G657A for Indoor Drop Cables).
Figure 4-6: 1F Drop Cable
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4.8 In-House Fiber Termination Box (Rosette / Micro ODF)
Fiber Termination Box (FTB) with 1 SC/APC adapter pre-installed. This box is wall-mounted and installed
next to the ONT. Drop fiber cable pulled from the FDH or FTB is terminated with fast-field connector on this
box. Small in size and very easy to install with Etisalat logo printed on the cover.
4.9 CAT6 UTP Cable
Category 6 (CAT6) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables pulled from ONT to RJ-45 sockets and
terminated both ends with CAT6 RJ-45 connectors.
The cable has low attenuation with excellent electrical performance,
High pulling tension
Very flexible in duct installation and installer-friendly.
Figure 4-7: Rosette, Square-type
Figure 4-8: CAT6 UTP Cable
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4.10 RJ-45 Jack and Socket
Easy and quick to install and needs no special tools for connectorization.
Also, compatible with all the UTP cables in the market.
Low attenuation, excellent performance and can accepts AWG 22-24 size UTP cable.
4.11 RJ-45 Connector
CAT6 category RJ-45 connectors are with excellent electrical performance,
Durable and easy to use.
Figure 4-9: RJ45 Socket
Figure 4-10: RJ45 Connector
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5.1 Network Topology
2x10G uplinks from OLT will terminate on L2-Aggregation Network in Link Aggregation with LACP enabled
setup. The L2-Aggregation network will transport the residential / business and Mobile backhaul VLANs
over respective IP/MPLS network. The generic topology for Network Plan and Optical Distribution Network
(ODN) Plan has been detailed in the Figures below.
IADs are used to provide multiple POTs/CO/ISDN-BRI lines.
Back-up Fiber/Protection Fiber: As Back-up fiber, this fiber to be installed from CO side ODF up to
Splitter [not terminated on OLT PON port] and is to be used as back-up fiber in case of failure of main
fiber by manual patching to OLT PON port OR as Type B Protection Fiber, this fiber to be installed from
stand-by PON port up to splitter.
For uplink connectivity, please refer to Junction Dark Fiber Guidelines in FTTH Development Manual/Part
4: List of Annexure/Annexure 4.
Chapter 5 – Engineering Design and Guidelines
Figure 5-1: Network Plan
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It must be emphasized here that, at present, OLT-ONT manufacturer wise inter-operability does not exist.
Therefore, Huawei ONTs must be parented to Huawei OLTs and similarly Zhone ONTs must be parented
to Zhone OLTs.
However, the Passive Optical Network (fibers, patch cords, ODF, optical splitters, FDH, indoor cabling,
rosette, etc are common for Huawei as well as Zhone GPON networks).
5.2 Network Management (NMS) Topology
The NMS topology has been outlined underneath. The IP addresses of the Elements and associated
management VLAN can be obtained from CNO as and when the commissioning of nodes would be
required. Please refer to the Figures below of schematic.
Figure 5-2: GPON Optical Distribution Network Diagram
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5.2.3 ALU NMS
5.3 FTTH - OSP Network Architecture
The FTTH is simply the 100 percent deployment of optical fiber in the Access Network. It is commonly
deployed in two specific configurations as below;
Point-to-Point (PTP) network - Fiber is dedicated to each user in the Access Network.
Passive Optical Network (PON) - A single fiber is shared (via a splitter) among a set number of users,
typically thirty-two.
5.3.1 Point to Point Network
PTP networks are characterized by the use of one fiber and laser per user. A dedicated fiber is terminated
at the subscriber and active devices at the CO for a telecommunications provider.
Figure 5-5: ALU GPON NMS
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5.3.2 Passive Optical Network (PON)
PON‘s are characterized by the ―Splitting‖ of the same optical fiber along the way, resulting in the sharing of
the optical fiber among multiple users. The fiber in a PON is designed to share between 2 to 128 users,
depending upon the availability of splitters.
A PON will have less optical reach than a PTP network, which does not use splitters. Typically a PON is
capable of reaching subscribers 20 kilometers from the OLT, which will cover most of the population.
The important characteristics of each PON technology are defined by two important standards bodies, the
IEEE and the ITU.
Figure 5-6: Point-to-Point (PTP) Network
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5.4 GPON Design Criteria
The objective is to develop a network, capable to deliver 100Mbps per each tenant.
To optimize the size of network and corresponding investment to match with the demand, the line plant
shall be developed, meeting the ultimate requirements (refer to Figure 5-2).
The initial capability of delivery of the network shall be 40Mbps, with 1:2 splitters in the Central Office
and 1:32 1/ 2:32 at the remote end.
GPON Architecture: Network deployment & distribution architecture should enable us to provide any
single service to the customer from our portfolio or 2-play / 3-play service bundles to the customers.
1 Etisalat stopped ordering and deploying 1:32 splitter, instead 2:32 splitter is now being used for diversity.
Figure 5-7: Passive Optical Network (PON)
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5.4.1 OSP Design Criteria
The following criteria have been considered in the development of the OSP Design of Planning Guidelines.
Scalable network.
Deployment of technically matured products.
Economical component prices.
Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX.
Ease to install, maintain and operate.
Quick to restore the service.
Minimum splice to extend reach.
Design FO network within 28 dB loss budget, end to end.
Centralized splitters.
Pre-connectorized splitters.
Splitter ratio 1:2 in CO and 1:32 / 2:32 in remote.
Induction of 1F drop cables in indoor and outdoor.
SC/APC connectivity.
Express SC/APC connectors for drop cables.
Use of existing cabinet and or locations as splitter cabinet.
Distribution cables to be loose tube 8F/16F/24F, from outdoor splitter cabinet.
Inductions of UG drop cable closure, in joint box.
Splice through of drop cable, in the drop closures.
Termination of single fibers in ONT and ODF / splitter cabinet (FDH).
5.4.2 Central Office (CO) Characteristics
The Central Office (CO) houses the OLT and the ODF. The ODF room shall be selected such that to
install ultimate feeder fiber capacity. An ODF extension into a second room shall be avoided at all
circumstances; better shall not be allowed.
Within the CO, flexibility is the key. An optical distribution network should never be built for a single
application. The ODF shall feature all functions for excellent flexibility including cross-connect and
cable and jumper fiber management, particularly bend radius protection.
MDF room/or standard cable chamber is not required for FO cables. Similarly, no iron works are
required. Use of standard cable brackets and channels to support the cables. The end of lead-in should
be placed such that the incoming cable is possible to be routed to the cable brackets.
The extent of service reach is 20 Km radius, which fully takes advantage of the long-distance
coverage. Etisalat may aim to consider only 15 Km from the POP (OLT) to the ONT. However, today
with the available components the reach is limited to 12.5 Km only.
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To extend the reach of GPON, the split ratio to be reduced to 1:32 / 2:32 bypassing the (1:2) splitter at
the CO.
For the Point-to-Point architecture, capable of delivering 2.5Gbit/s through a direct single fiber to the
customer.
In the case of Point-to-Multipoint, the final delivery of bandwidth at the customer end depends upon the
total number of splits along the route.
Tenants surrounding the CO within 500 meters can be served from CO building itself instead of
installing outdoor cabinets - FDH(O) in the vicinity, if the lead-in ducts and the space are available in
the CO.
5.4.3 OLT / CO Location Selection Criteria
Router location (OLT & router are preferred to be in the same location), wherever possible.
Ideally placed in high density area
The proposed Central Office building shall be new or recent building i.e. not marked for demolishing,
space should be available for the ODF.
Duct space availability
Aim to serve 15km cable distance
FO junction route / cable availability
No overlapping: OLT‘s to be considered for all Exchanges, avoiding overlaps of serving areas, as much
as possible.
The following scenarios may be considered while selecting the OLT Location (refer to Figure 5-8):
1. Utilize the existing AN cable (if available) to serve any new site by deploying the FDH within the CO old
boundary.
2. Extend the CO AN network outside the old boundary to serve any new area by FDH deployment within
the CO boundary.
3. Existing copper / fiber cabinet in another Exchange area: FDH changeover to be considered by utilizing
the existing junction cable / route. For changeover, jointing in the Zero Manhole of the Exchange to be
considered (without any ODF termination).
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4. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area
and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, within the
Exchange boundary.
5. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area
and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, outside the
Exchange boundary.
6. Utilize the junction cable wherever possible to serve any new areas near the Central Office Exchange.
Figure 5-8: Example of Central Office Location
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5.5 Access Network Definition
An Access Network is part of a communications network which connects subscribers to their immediate
service provider. OSP Access Network shown below from ODF-OSP in CO to ONT at customer premises.
5.6 GPON Access Network Design (Fiber Optic Cable
Development & Civil work)
Figure 5-9: Access Network
Figure 5-10: Green Fields and Brown Fields
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5.6.1 Green Field
Considering the future FO based GPON technology and to cope with future prospective services
demand, the network development shall be planned on fiber optic cable from the OLT in Central Office
to the ONT in the customer premises.
Fiber optic cables, splitter cabinet & civil (ducts, joint boxes, etc) shall be proposed in the most
economical way.
The OSP fiber counts from the Central Office shall be of a suitable size, to ensure meeting the future
capacity requirements.
An overall contingency of 25% fibers, rounded to the nearest higher cable size shall be provisioned in
the main cable to meet the unforeseen demand.
Fiber cables shall be planned, considering manhole, joint box section length and considering the drum
length. The joints may be planned in such a way the cable cut length returned shall not be less than
750 meters.
The various main cable sizes and drum lengths available in the contract are shown in FTTH
Development Manual/Part 2: Master Plan Presentation/Table 1.
Requirements of direct fibers for major corporate and business establishment are also to be considered
while sizing the cables.
For all GSM sites, if the area is not ready with GPON; the following current procedure shall be
continued (viz) 8F cable per site to be considered; deployed in two different routes. Although the cable
size recommended is 8F, 4F to be considered from each side.
The spare fibers available in the Junction Cable Network to be utilized to connect, OLT‘s in one
Exchange area and ONT‘s in the other Exchanges.
The duct network shall be considerably reduced and the corresponding joint box / manholes can also
be reduced, as the number of FO cables that would be installed shall be far less than the legacy copper
network.
Accordingly, the ducts shall be reduced to maximum 2W D54 and Joint Boxes up to JRC12. A joint box
of size JRC14 and manholes be considered, only if the same cannot be avoided.
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As far as possible, the joints in the main cable may not be planned to be operated frequently to divert
or put through fibers. The main joint closures have 4 in-ports and 4 out-ports, which can be used for
multiple dropping of distribution cables (up to 24F).
The loose tube joint closures are suitable up to 24F loose tube fibers. These have 2 entries on either
side, total 4 entries.
The drop closures are recommended to be installed inside joint boxes, close to group of villas or as per
site requirements. These have single entry on one side and 24+ outlets for drop cables.
Regions shall propose the joint location for maximum utilization of full drum length to avoid short cut
lengths.
Target to deploy FTTH to be set Region-wise and areas to be identified by the Regions.
To deploy FTTH in Green areas and Brown areas alike.
To continue with fiber laying in all Green and Brown areas.
Marketing has identified high ARPU services and criteria to prioritize areas for FTTH rollout.
Based on Marketing guidelines, Regions will develop a yearly master plan for FTTH rollout with
quarterly breakdown for areas / buildings.
Therefore, there will be no mass migration & GPON will only be deployed for new provisioning of the
following services: eLife, B1-Super & LL/VPN. It will improve R.O.I. and further optimize CAPEX.
5.6.2 Brown Field
FTTH deployment in City Center areas may be given preference over remote areas.
To migrate all Brown areas from legacy to FTTH in phases, and according to resources available in the
Regions over the next 3-5 year.
Fibers already laid for local networks shall be considered while developing the GPON network.
The spare fibers installed for CATV network shall be used for the deployment of GPON network. CATV
initial installations were 16F in two routes and later 8F in two routes. As there will no new CATV nodes
installed, all spare fibers are available for FTTH network.
42. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 14
To prevent additional expenses in civil work, all infrastructures existing is proposed to be used as far as
possible.
Provides the services through Wi-Max instead of the proposed GPON in the followings area:
• Brown area with low ARPU and Unleveled Areas
All the existing outdoor FO cabinets, CATV nodes and copper cabinets shall be checked to
accommodate the splitters and other cables.
While installing fibers in the existing copper cabinets, working lines and corresponding terminations
may be preserved and recovered only on demand for induction of additional services / bundled
services through GPON or any other technical reasons. This may warrant re-arrangement of copper
terminations, air blocks and recovery of few verticals.
Where there are no duct spaces available and the distances are short, fiber may be shared along with
the existing copper cables, if possible through a sub duct.
All ODF's supply, installation, termination and patching shall be by Etisalat for Brown fields
5.6.3 Sizing Feeder Cables
Sizing of main FO cables and number of fiber calculation & attenuation (refer to Tables 5-1 & 5-2)
In general, every splitter requires a single fiber from OLT and a single fiber from the splitter to ONT.
The life of the fibers is about 40 years and we should aim to provide cable network which will support
all future demands. Further, the cost of fiber is comparatively far less than the cost of the duct space.
Hence, it is recommended that the provision of the number of fibers may equal to at least 20 year
tenants forecasted, unlike 3-6 years for E-side copper cable and 10 years for D-side copper cable.
For the Residential Tenants: the table below (Table 5-1) to be used, to find the sizing of the main FO
cable for each cabinet / FDH. The provision of cable shall be based on 20th year tenants forecast.
The total number of splitter requirement per cabinet shall be based on 5th year tenants forecast.
Number of 1:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Residential tenants/split ratio (1:32)
From the above equation, the total number of splitters can be used to identify the fiber cable size;
maximum expansion and remaining fiber. Refer to Table 5-1.
44. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 16
Example: Residential Tenants Scenario: FDH(O)
If the residential 20th Year Tenants F/C = 200 and residential 5th Year Tenants F/C = 160, then FO cable to
feed the FDH will be 16F where the number of splitters will be 5.
Table 5 - 1
45. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 17
For Business Tenants with Business Services, 2:32 splitter to be installed with (1+1) F in two routes
Number of 2:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Business tenants / split ratio (2:32)
Wherever a major Business tenants or Corporate tenants is involved in a building; ensure a minimum
size of 8F/16F/24F or larger in the last mile FO cable to the FDH (based on the number of the Business
tenants ) to avoid re-cabling through the lead-in.
Business tenants with residential services shall be counted as normal Residential tenants as in Table
above.
(25%) spare fibers shall be considered in the feeder cable size for future requirements, maintenance,
etc.
For the Mobile sites (2G / 3G); each mobile site shall be considered as Business customer and
connected to the same 2:32 splitter. And also a dedicated FO cable or drop cable to be extended from
the FDH to each Mobile site.
For Mobile sites categorizations, bandwidth requirements, splitter types and Mobile Backhaul
Scenarios, Please refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3.
The following parameters in Table 5-2 should be taken into account while calculating the dB budget
loss of the network. (Max. not to exceed 28dB).
Figure 5-11: Residential Scenario / FO feeding Outdoor FDH
46. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 18
ATTENUATION ON FIBER (dB)
Location
Wavelength 1260- 1650 nm
Remarks
Type Loss dB Max
Exchange
1 Splitter 1:2 3.6
2 OLT Connector Loss 0.4
3 ODF Connector Loss 0.4
OSP
4 Splice Loss /splice 0.01
5 Cable Loss / km 0.35
6 Splitter 2:8 10.5
7 Splitter 1:32 17.2
Not being Ordered Any
More
CAB/Bldg
8 Splitter 2:32 17.5
9 ODF Connector Loss 0.4
Sub
Premises
10 Drop cable loss / km 0.35
11 Fast Connector Loss 0.4
12 ONT Connector Loss 0.4
The loss allowance has the same value both in the downstream and upstream direction.
Example: Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario
If Residential 20th year tenants F/C = 180 & the Business 20th year tenants F/C = 28, Mobile sites =
3, then The FO cable to feed the FDH will be calculated as follows:
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =
180
32
= 6𝐹
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 + 𝑀𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑒 ∶
28+3
31
= 1 + 1 𝐹 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 & 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠: 𝑋 = 7 + 1 𝐹 = 8𝐹
𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ 25% ∶ 𝑌 = 𝑋 + 𝑋 × 25%
= 8 + 2 = 10 = 16F (After rounding to the nearest cable size)
Table 5 - 2
47. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 19
Estimated (calculated) Fiber Insertion loss and reach with different split factors:
Note: 1:32 and 1:8 max reach limits (above 12.5 Km) are subject to prior field verification.
1:8 splitter shall be used ONLY in exceptional cases to extend the reach.
Difference between furthest ONT and the nearest ONT with respect to PON port, shall not exceed
20Km fiber distance.
Figure 5-12: Fiber Calculations for Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario
Table 5 - 3
48. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 20
5.6.4 Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub –FDH(O)
The Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub provides for connections between fiber optic cables and passive
optical splitters in the OSP environment.
The FDH utilize standard SC/APC to interconnect feeder and distribution cables via 2:32 optical
splitters and connectors.
The FDH is placed strategically in the FTTH network to facilitate service connection specified for a
particular fiber serving area.
These FDH provide environmental and mechanical protection for cables, splices, connectors and
passive optical splitters.
In Villas areas, fiber to be extended up to drop closure2, in order to meet service provisioning KPI‘s.
The FDH(O) outgoing cables 24F or 48F or 100F depends on the area and plots distribution.
The maximum capacity of the outdoor FDH is 480. However, two outdoor FDH‘s shall be deployed if
Tenancy Forecast (T/F) exceeded 320 customers for flexibility and avoid patch cord obstruction.
2 “Justified Drop Closure” (based on pre-connectorized drop closure concept) can be installed only when the number of initial
potential/waiters is ≥20% of total drop closure tenant’s capacity.
Figure 5-13: Example of FO Drop Cable Distributions
49. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 21
The FDH(O) capacity and requirements as below
Figure 5-14: Example of Outdoor FDH & Cable Distribution
Figure 5-15: Typical Outdoor FDH
50. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 22
5.6.5 Indoor Fiber Distribution Hub-FDH(I)
The Indoor FDH is designed to organize, and administer fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters
in an indoor environment, typically suitable for high rise buildings and are placed in the main telecom
room.
These FDH‘s are used to inter-connect main cables and drop cables via optical splitters in a FTTH
network application, within a building environment.
Figure 5-16: Example of Indoor FDH and Drop Cable Distributions
51. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 23
5.7 Pre-Wired Deployment
5.7.1 Pre-wired Fiber Distribution Hub (Outdoor)
Pre-wired FDH are ready-to-use fiber cabinets equipped with incoming unirack module, 2:32 splitters,
outgoing unirack modules, patch cords and fiber management. The available configurations are:
480 port fully equipped
160 port partially equipped
128 port partially equipped
The planners shall select the type of the pre-wired FDH based on the area and Line Plant Forecast (LPF).
The partially equipped FDH are scalable, and are capable for upgradation to a maximum of
Pre-wired Indoor fiber distribution Hub
Figure 5-17: FTTH Distribution Diagram
52. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 24
5.7.1.1 Scenario 1: Brown field – Developed area
The area is well-developed. All the plots are occupied. No or minimum growth is expected in terms of
home passes.
Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH cabinet of sufficient capacity. Use feeder cables as shown in the schematic
below.
Figure 5-18: Fully Equipped FDH / Corning Type Figure 5-19: Partially Equipped FDH / Corning Type
Figure 5-20: Distribution Diagram with Drop Closure
53. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 25
Plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables
from the drop closures and pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. Planner shall consider ONT,
the UTP cables and terminations while preparing the estimate.
Add more numbers of 2:32 splitters and unirack modules to enhance the capacity of the FDH cabinet in
case partially equipped FDH is used. Care shall be taken during planning, not to exceed the total FDH
capacity of 480 ports and 384 ports.
During the design any new FDH (O) shall not exceed 320 for the following advantages:
To achieve the highest reliability and flexibility.
Add extra slots in each FDH for additional splitters and more parking spaces for easy access.
FO cable management.
To accommodate any foreseeable take rate during an upgrade.
Consider the cost savings of reclaiming used splitters for future use.
Maintenance free and clean
5.7.1.2 Scenario 2: Brown field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area
The area is partially developed, with some vacant plots. The home pass may vary depending on the future
developments.
Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH Cabinet of required capacity. As in Scenario-1, plan for drop provisioning for
all the existing plots.
For the vacant plots and plots under development, provision shall be made depending on the Line Plant
Forecast (LPF). Planner shall consider ONT, UTP cables and terminations for existing home passes while
preparing the estimate.
For the vacant plots, two solutions can be proposed.
Solution-1: Using Corning Pre-connectorized Drop Closures:
Figure 5-22: Pre-Connectorized Drop ClosureFigure 5-21: Pre-Connectorized Drop Cable
54. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 26
Like Scenario-1, drop cables to the existing home passes shall be done by fusion-splicing drop cables
inside the drop closure. For the future Home Pass (HP), pre-connectorized drop closures (Figure 5-21) of
the sufficient number of ports shall be provided inside the JRC, as shown in the Figure 5-23. The pre-
connectorized closures have tails ranging from 20 meters to 100 meters. Select the required tail size and
fusion splice it to the drop closure.
When the demand for new drop arises, connect the pre-connectorized drop cable (Figure 5-22) on the tap-
port. No need open the joint closure or disturb the existing connections.
Solution-2: Using Outdoor Drop Enclosure (Product not available at present)
Figure 5-23: Pre-Connectorized Drop Closure for Future Use
Figure 5-24: Outdoor Drop Enclosure Wall-mount Type
55. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 27
In the previous case, custom-built closures and drop cables are required for provision of drop ports inside
the JRC. This solution enables the usage of existing drop cables and fast-field connectors.
The Outdoor Drop Enclosure is a Fiber Reinforce Plastic or FRP enclosure with IP-65 rating and UV
protected. It will be having two compartments, one for the incoming and the other for outgoing. Fiber from
the drop closure will be terminated on the incoming side and fusion spliced on the fiber trays with the
pigtails connected to the SC/APC adaptors. The other port of the adaptor is facing the out-going side. The
incomer compartment is generally locked so that drop technicians do not access the fusion-spliced joint.
On demand, the drop technician can pull the drop cable from the customer premise to the drop enclosure.
Connectorization on both ends shall be using fast-field SC/APC connectors.
5.7.1.3 Scenario -3: Green field – Developed Area
Green field developed area refers to residential complexes and planned communities where all the plots
are developed or being developed. As mentioned in Brown field developed area, plan the distribution to
feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables from the drop closures and
pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. ONT box and UTP cables shall not be included in the
estimate, as they come under the scope of the customer.
5.7.1.4 Scenario -4: Green field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area
Green field undeveloped area refers to new residential areas which being developed. As mentioned in
Brown field undeveloped area, plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering Line Plant Forecast
(LPF).
Drop cables can be planned for existing home passes from the outdoor drop enclosure to the Rosette. ONT
box and UTP cabling will be under the scope of the customer.
Figure 5-25: Outdoor Drop Enclosure for Future Use
56. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 28
5.8 New e-Life / B1’s Business Process
No more bulk migration. Only customers with confirmed service orders will be migrated.
Current guidelines for potential e-Life customers require that if the drop closure is justified (20% of
potential/waiters), 100% of drop fibers should be terminated on rosette (HR). This model will provide
potential savings assuming future uptake of 100%. However, if residents in certain brown areas are
not interested to subscribe the service when it is offered in the beginning, 100% penetration might not
be achieved in those buildings. Cost and resources required for drop fiber provisioning may be better
utilized elsewhere.
It is recommended to provision drop fiber (HR) only for identified potential customers unless the area is
identified as target legacy offload area, in which case 100% of tenancies should be HR.(refer to FTTH
Development Manual/Part 5: Memoranda and References/ Page 19.
Customers provisioning requests should be fulfilled whether deployment is up to FDH / drop closure or
up to Rosette (subject to conditions below). This applies to both Brown and Green areas.
1- RND analyze Potential, Waiter and Opportunity Applications and prepare initial FTTH design
for primary side (OLT to FDH), break downing whole area to FDH zones.
2- RND issue new FDH project only when the number of initial Potential / Waiter applications
are more that 20% and 10% respectively of FDH zone; and design should be expanded to
include U/G drop closures upto HR of applied Customers.
3- For Green area where all options are explored and no way for alternative service, a new FDH
project can be issued for 6 no’s of Waiters and above.
4- In Existing FDH area, RND to issue project for new U/G drop closure installation when
related Potential or Waiters applications are more than 20% and 10% of drop closure
capacity.
5- Along with new U/G Drop Closure Projects, RND to include installing Drop Fiber Connection
up to Rosette (HR), for Potential and Waiting customers who applied for e-Life/B1 Super
and also include all existing Broadband (BB) Customers (if any), although they are not yet
applied. Remaining drop closure ports remain unconnected until customer applies for
service, unless the area is identified as Target Legacy Offload Area, in that case 100% of
drop closure tenancies capacity should be HR.
57. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 29
6- An Open Project shall be issued and being ready by RND to extend Drop Fibers upto
Rosette (HR), in case of additional Potential & Waiter applications scattered within several
existing Drop Closures of one/more outdoor FDHs. One week is the timeline of laying each
Drop Fiber up to HR &2 weeks if miner civil is required.
7- For scatter applications within not existing Drop Closure; the number of applications should
in-line with % defined in point (2) or (4) to issue new Drop Closure installation project by
RND.
8- The current civil deployment procedure shall be followed independent of above FDH
investment percentage criteria.
From the splitter 1:32 / 2:32 located in the outdoor FO cabinet location, distribution cable (loose tube)
sizes 24F, 16F and 8F combinations may be considered, depending upon the grouping of villas,
number and locations.
The drop cables are 1F construction. The closures are capable of accommodation 12 / 24 drop cables.
In the villas & small buildings where the outdoor cabinet FDH(O) to be deployed; distribution cable
(loose tube) may be considered as outgoing cables.
The drop cables shall be suitably labeled.
Better alignment is required between Sales and Engineering in order to proactively execute and sell
FTTH products in the covered areas. There are certain residential areas which are completely Home
Ready but e-Life service uptake is only 30%. Majority of the customers are still using legacy services
of Al-Shamil over GPON. This situation presents a serious competitive threat in case of open access;
as such customers can migrate to new service provider more easily. It is recommended to identify such
areas and perform Location Based Marketing to ensure targeted marketing activity in order to increase
e-Life uptake. It can also help to completely offload legacy from selected areas.
58. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 30
5.9 Fiber Redundancy and Back up
5.9.1 Diversity
Diversity to be customer specific and cost basis.
Ring topology to be deployed in selected areas which shall be identified by Marketing and approved by
Regions‘ GM.
The diverse ring topology to be deployed provided that cost shouldn‘t exceed 20% compared to star
topology.
Diversity guidelines are based upon whole areas, not the individual customers.
The feeder cable section from OLT to splitter can be protected by using (2:32) splitter and OLT port
and feeder fiber should be doubled, leaving the shorter cable section (distribution cable from splitter to
ONT) in star form and unprotected.
Diversity to individual customer premises to be provided on case by case basis after justification from
Marketing as per existing recharge policy.
Note: Redundancy currently applicable only for IP Connect/Xpress Connect and IDA service.
Route diversity shall be executed and ready for service provisions before customer can be approached
to subscribe for Pro-Service Level Agreement (Pro SLA). Whereas, diversity is not required for Basic
SLA service. Customer eligibility for SLA service is subject to verification from pre-qualified list.
OLT
LT(2)
LT(1)
1
ONT
LT(1)
ONT
LT(1)
2 : N
n
feeder ring distribution star drop cable star
ODF Cabinet CPE
Figure 5-26: Feeder Ring
59. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 31
For customers who want to apply redundancy levels not supported in their categories, extra charges
will apply.
All new POP area development in all Regions (DXB, NE and AUH) to be designed to inherent diversity
capability for all the customers identified. Refer to Chapter 8/Diversity Provisioning Standard for
Enterprise customer, VIP, Strategic Critical Sites and Others.
For already developed areas, diversity / redundancy will be provided by utilizing the existing 25%
contingency fibers if feasible and where required an additional fiber optic cables shall be laid.
To plan as a single ring topology, where diversity is required for ease in design, construction,
maintenance and operation, instead of rings and sub-rings.
Figure 5-27: Option 1 / Ring Structure
Figure 5-28: Option 2 / Tree Structure (NE & AUH)
60. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 32
5.9.2 Backup Solution Scenario
SCENARIO 1: Backup at Same Site from Same Exchange Equipment
Each of the access links are to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device at the
Exchange.
From the CO ODF the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and
backup link each through separate splitters.
At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
SCENARIO 2: Exchange Equipment Diversity- Backup at Same Site from Different / Diverse
Exchange
Customer has one access link at one site and requires a backup access link at the same site from a
different Exchange.
The Backup FTTH/B topology is applicable (if OLT equipment in different Exchange available and fiber
distance limitation is satisfied).
Figure 5-29: Back Solution / Scenario 1
61. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 33
Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from different Exchanges (POP
domains).
From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup
link each through separate splitters.
At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
The two OLT‘s are served from two different access L2 aggregation switches.
Should the above topology not be available, then this requirement may alternatively be served by the
following FTTH/B topology (OLT diversity from same Exchange):
Figure 5-30: Backup Solution / Scenario 2
62. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 34
Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from the same Exchange (POP
domain).
From the OLT, the fiber cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and
backup link each through separate splitters.
At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
The two OLT‘s are served from same access L2 aggregation switches in the same Exchange.
SCENARIO 3: Backup at Same Site from the same Exchange as well as Disaster Recovery (DR)
Backup at a Different Site from Different / Diverse Exchange
Customer has a main and backup access link at one site and requires a 2nd backup (DR) access link at
a different site served from a different Exchange. The 1st backup will be used only when the main link
fails and the 2nd backup (DR) will be used only when both the main and 1st backup fail.
The FTTH/B topology will be as figure below, where the DR site will be served from a different
Exchange (POP domain):
Figure 5-31: OLT Diversity from Same Exchange
63. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 35
At the HQ site, each of the access links is to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device
at the Exchange.
From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup
link each through separate splitters.
At the customer‘s HQ, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
At the DR site, the access link will be provided from a different OLT and Exchanges (POP domain) than
the HQ site.
In addition to the above, the following general policies and guidelines are to be followed for all
backup cases:
All backup solutions are only provided to customers signing up on a 1-Year commitment / contract.
Standard service exit policies will apply on customers breaking the commitment.
Developed area is part of planned infrastructure of Etisalat (even if planned within 6 months of
customer application).
An undeveloped area is area where we don‘t have physical infrastructure and no plans for 6 months
from customer application.
Within Etisalat developed area, physical network access link will be provided to customers on
development basis.
Figure 5-32: Backup Solution / Scenario 3
64. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 36
In a developed area, if civil work and cable for diversity is exclusively being laid for the customer and is
not part of planned infrastructure that can be reused for other customers, then physical network access
link (including cable, splitters, civil works, etc.) will be provided to customers on recharge / CQ project
basis.
5.10 Type B Protection and Types of Splitters
5.10.1 Type B Protection
Automatic PON port and fiber protection/redundancy in case of PON port HW failure and/or fiber break
between OLT PON port and splitter – involves two PON ports (active & Stand-by) and two ports on
splitter facing OLT; however does not involve dual PON ports on ONT. Type B protection does NOT
provide protection/redundancy between Splitter and ONT.
Huawei: Type B protection is available now and is under deployment. Zhone: Type B protection is
available.
Type B Protection to use redundant PON port on separate GPON module (i.e. Main and stand-by PON
ports should not be on the same GPON module).
Type B protection cannot be effective with cascading of splitters (e.g.: 1:2 + 2:32 Residential splitters).
Phase out of 2:8 splitters: For the purpose of standardization and better utilization of PON ports, 2:8
splitters are to be phased out (discontinued after exhausting current stocks).
If only E1 base services are required (no IPVPN services), then the same to be provided over
―Standard‖ 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.
Type B protection is different than Business services Back-up scenarios as described in Appendix B.
Back up circuit is physically a separate link, however logically configured as back up link, where
decision of switch-over is controlled by CPE end device.
Note: With use of 2:32 splitter instead of 2:8 splitter, there is possibility of over allocation of uplink
bandwidth above max limit of 1.25Gbps that is supported by PON port. BW allocation to be controlled
manually or via DBA profile mechanism by configuring Fixed bandwidth profile (it is to be noted that, at
present Business services and Mobile backhaul services are provisioned manually).
65. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 37
5.10.2 Types of Splitters
Standard Splitter
• One level splitting (1:32) – Business
• Two level splitting (1:2 + 1:32) without Type B protection – Residential
Resilience Splitter
One level splitting (2:32), Type B protection is possible as required
5.11 Mobile Backhauling through GPON
For brief descriptions on various mobile sites categories and classifications, including physical mounting
scenarios, PON protection mechanism, PON deployment characteristics (splitter configurations) and
associated distance reach; mobile backhaul network schematics and also summarizes in tabular form
various requirements posed by mobile backhaul requirements and corresponding Access Network solutions
(Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3).
5.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Design
5.12.1 ISP Network Architecture
There are mainly two types of FTTH architecture custom-tailored for each building. These architectures are
illustrated in Figure 5-33.
5.12.1.1 Direct Home-Run or Direct Fiber
Under this architecture, all FO drop cables are laid from FDH / splitter location up to customer‘s premises
and terminated in Micro-ODF/Rosette. This type of architecture requires more riser space since individual
FO drop cables will originate from the main telephone room to the customer premises passing all or certain
Floor Telephone Rooms depending on customer location.
5.12.1.2 Multicore Riser Field-Connectorized
A separate riser system is being introduced to connect the customer from FDH. A Floor Distribution Box
(FDB) is installed in Floor Telephone Room (FTR) to link the customer drops to main FDH through riser
cables. The FDB is either installed in every floor, every two floors or every three floors. FDB location may
vary depending on the number of flats in each floor.
66. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 38
Prior to defining the type of network architecture required for the different types of buildings, it is essential
to know the statistics of the buildings. These statistics can either be obtained through known sources or to
be physically surveyed.
5.12.2 Guidelines for Commercial Units
FTTH provisioning for commercial buildings and establishments can be either Multicore riser or Direct
Home-Run architecture depends on the site requirements; the existing building‘s structured cabling,
anticipated services and nature of business.
The following guidelines are to be considered in planning the FTTH network for commercial units in
Brown buildings.
• Commercial units with existing structured cabling, ONT location preferably to be at distribution
point of the outlet cables (UTP).
• Fiber count to also consider the existing services, avoid keeping excess spare cables.
• ONT location to be co-located with power socket and should have easy access for future
operation and maintenance.
Figure 5-33: MDU Architecture
67. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 39
• Farthest service outlet point from ONT location is 90 meters for Data and Video and 1,000
meters for Telephone service.
• Commercial entity like shops, SMB, etc. requiring only residential services like DEL, HSI and
Video to be treated as residential customer for planning purpose.
• Commercial service expected under 2:8 splitter are IP-Connect, X-Press Connect and Internet
over Ethernet.
5.12.3 Guideline for Various Types of Commercial Buildings
The table below provides comprehensive guideline with regards to various aspect of FTTH wiring
requirement in different type of commercial buildings.
SN Unit Type Splitter
Riser
Architecture
Fiber ONT Location
1 Fully Office Tower /
Government/Ministry
Offices
2 X 32 for Del,
HSI and TV
&
2 X 8 for high
bandwidth
commercial
services based
on demand
1) Multicore Riser
with termination box
in every floor
2) In case a single
company occupies
multiple floors,
termination box to be
installed in floors
where IT room is
located.
Open Floor Structure:
2 Fibers per 100 meter
square of leasable area
Individual Office
Structure
1) 2 Fibers for each
commercial Unit .
2) For office above 100
meter square, 2 Fibers
per 100 meter square
1) Co-located in Floor
Telephone room/IT
room where power is
available.
(0R)
2) Co-Located to the
service location where
power is available
2 Residential cum Office
Towers
2 X 32 for Del,
HSI and TV
&
2 X 8 for high
bandwidth
commercial
services based
on demand
1) Direct Fiber
/Multicore Riser
depending on
number of
commercial floors
2) In case a
company occupies
multiple floors, fiber
termination box to be
installed in floors
where IT room is
located.
Open Floor Structure:
2 Fibers per 100 meter
square of leasable area
Individual Office
Structure in Office
Floors:
1) 2 Fibers for each
commercial Unit .
2) For office above 100
meter square 2 Fibers
per 100 meter square
1) Co-located in Floor
Telephone room/IT
room where power is
available.
(0R)
2) Co-Located to the
service location where
power is available
3 Shopping Malls 2 X 32 Single Fiber / Multi
core Riser with
Termination in each
Floor
1) 2 Fibers Per Shop
(or)
2) Shops Greater than
500 Sq.meter , install 2
IT/Telephone room
inside the Shop
(0R)
Inside the shop at
68. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 40
Fibers per 500 Sq.m convenient location
easily accessible for
maintenance and
power is available.
For kiosks (temporary
set-up) , ONT to be
installed to the
nearest telephone
room.
4 Ware House
/Sheds/small scale
industrials
2 X 32 Single Fiber from
assigned FDH
2 Fibers per warehouse
/ sheds/industry
(or)
Based on service
required if like complex
warehouse /
sheds/industry
IT/Telephone room
inside the
warehouse/industry
(0R)
Inside the warehouse
/industry at convenient
location easily
accessible for
maintenance and
power is available
5 Furnished Apartments
and Hotels
2 X 32 1) Furnished Apartment & Hotels have their own
Internal Communication Network and Etisalat
Service is mostly required only at their Main
IT/Telephone /Operations room.
2) Long Leased Furnished Apartments where
subscription is made by occupants to be treated
as Residential customers
6 Hospitals 2 X 32 1) Hospitals have their own Internal
Communication Network and Etisalat Service is
mostly required only at their Main IT/Telephone
room
2) Large Hospitals with multiple distribution points
for Outlet cables , ONT to be co-located with
existing Distribution points
7 Banks 2 X 32 1) Banks have their own Internal Communication
Network and Etisalat Service is mostly required
only at their Main IT/Telephone room
8 Data Center 2 X 32 1) Data Center have their own Internal
Communication Network and Etisalat Service is
required only at their Main IT/Telephone room
Based On service required
9 University Campus 2 X 32 1) Most University Campus has their own
structured cabling and Etisalat Service is mostly
required at their main IT/Telephone Room.
2) Large Campus with multiple buildings. FDH to
be installed in the main building's telephone room
and ONT to be installed in each building's
telephone room or the distribution point of the UTP
outlet cables
Table 5 - 4
69. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 41
5.12.4 Identifying the Number of Splitter Ports at the FDH
The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings housing business / government units shall be
based on the number of ONT‘s / fiber drops calculated as per the table above.
The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings with residential units, shall be calculated at
the rate of one per residential unit plus 20% for maintenance purpose.
5.12.5 Wi-Fi Backhauling Strategy
GPON Splitter un-used ports shall be utilized to increase Wi-Fi coverage in residential and shopping
areas.
Existing backhauls for the deployed APS shall be upgraded from few E1‘s to FE / GigE interface using
GPON technology.
5.12.6 Wiring Architecture Selection
5.12.6.1 Brown Building
The information below is provided as a guideline in selecting the type of architecture for different kind of
buildings. Changes in the architecture may be needed on a case to case basis depending on the site
condition or service requirement.
Nature of Building Type of Architecture
Up to four storey building having less than or equal
to 24 flats/Units
Direct fiber
Above four storeys building irrespective of number of
units.
Multicore architecture
Up to Four storeys building having multiple blocks
with number units in each block is less than 24 Units.
Multicore architecture up to each block
and there after direct run.
Table 5 - 5
70. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 42
5.12.6.2 Green Building
In Green buildings, it is the owner/developer responsibility to provide all in-building networks wiring
including complete structured cabling and terminations.
Nature of Building Type of Architecture.
Complex of Villas Direct fiber
Buildings up to (B+G+5) or building area up to
3000m2
Direct fiber
Buildings from (B+G+6) to (B+G+10) floors or
building of 100 tenants or building area up to
7000m2
Direct fiber
Building (B+G+10) floors and more or building over
100 tenants or building area more than 7000m2
Direct fiber or Multicore riser
5.13 Selecting ONT Location
5.13.1 Brown Building
When selecting for ONT location in Brown building, it should be in a place accessible enough during
service provisioning and maintenance. And in addition to this, the following should be taken into account
when deciding for the final ONT location.
Power socket availability
Existing UTP cables, if any
Internal conduit space
Adequate cable route
Moreover, the locations listed below are to be avoided when installing the ONT.
Below the windows. In close proximity to water seepage, water splash areas, etc.
Behind heavy furniture.
Inaccessible and unfavorable areas for example above false ceiling, kitchen, etc.
Where the ONT will suffer continuous exposure to direct sunlight.
5.13.2 Green Building
In Green building, location of the ONT cabinet shall be by developer‘s responsibility and must be installed
as per the following conditions.
The cabinet should be at a common point where all internal conduits meet in support of SCS on a star
topology.
The cabinet should be in central and accessible locations and shall house the following.
Table 5 - 6
71. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 43
- RJ45 patch panel/IDC modules
- Micro ODF for fiber termination
- Power sockets
Should have sufficient space around the cabinet to allow access to installation and maintenance.
The cabinet should be installed at a height of 1200mm above finished floor level for better working
position and to prevent accidental access by children.
Should be located where the farthest telecom socket must not exceed 90 meters from the cabinet.
Should not be installed adjacent to any electrical distribution or bus bars.
Should not be installed in the kitchen or near to washroom, and other wet areas.
Should be located in air conditioned environment.
5.14 ONT Cabinet Specification for Green Building
5.14.1 ONT Cabinet for Residential Building / Villa
Minimum Height: 600mm
Minimum Width: 425mm
Minimum Depth: 120mm
Lockable door
Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel
Should be fitted with micro ODF
Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering
Should have adequate number of aesthetically designed holes on the front door for ventilation
Should be installed flush mounted on wall
Figure 5-34: ONT Cabinet for Residential building/villa (green)
72. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 44
5.14.2 ONT Cabinet for Commercial Building
Minimum Height: 600mm
Minimum Width: 600mm
Minimum Depth: 300mm
Suitable for 19‖ rack equipment mount
Lockable door
Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel
Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering
With provision for air circulation
Partially concealed or Wall mount installation
5.15 ONT Deployment and Installation Rules
5.15.1 Shared ONT
Typically ONT‘s are usually dedicated to an individual single user account, i.e. flat / villa owner. However, if
ONT is shared by multiple users account, the following guide shall be taken into consideration when
deploying ONT in shared accommodations.
Figure 5-35: ONT Cabinet for Commercial building/villa (green)
73. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 45
ONT shall be installed in a Common Area3 where power is available or can be extended towards ONT
location and which can be accessed anytime during service provisioning and maintenance works.
ONT shall be installed where the farthest room it will serve is less than 90 meters.
ONT shall be installed where UTP cables meet, if existing. However if UTP cables end up in an
inaccessible room, ONT shall be installed in a common area disregarding the existing UTP cables.
ONT shall be enclosed in a lockable cabinet for protection and security (especially in locations where
ONT is within child‘s reach, like hallway, etc.)
New ONT shall be installed if the existing services exceed the available ports on the ONT and if UTP
cabling requirements exceed 90 meters total length in a single run.
New ONT shall be installed if the first ONT becomes inaccessible due to room partitioning or where
flat/villa previously occupied by single family converted to shared-accommodations.
In a villa occupied by one-family per floor, ONT shall be installed in each floor and shall not be shared
with others. However, if one of the floors is shared by multiple families or tenants, ONT shall be
installed in a common area and shall be shared by the occupants in this floor.
New ONT shall not be installed for a different customer sharing the same apartment if free ports are
available in the first ONT and its location is accessible (installed in a common area).
5.15.1.1 Shared ONT Installation
The ONT may also be alternatively wall mounted in a closed telephone room outside an apartment.
It is to be ensured that adequate cable routes are available to lay more than one CAT6 cable from the
telephone room to the apartment.
The ONT location should be one which is always accessible and has an electric power socket
provisioned.
5.15.1.2 Shared ONT Service Provisioning Scenarios
Service connection in apartment with ONT in common area. Customer can be connected by pulling a
separate UTP cable from the ONT location up to the room.
3 Common area can be near to apartment’s main door entrance, hallway, living room, etc. where ONT can be accessed anytime.
74. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 46
Service connection in a villa with ONT common to all floors. Situation is similar to the first item, where
UTP cables to be pulled directly from ONT location up to the floor where customer resides. In case if all
ONT ports are used, a second ONT can be co-located with the first ONT provided that there is enough
space for UTP cablings.
Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option1). If the absence of common area in the
required floor, ONT can be installed in the common area in any floor provided that;
• The length of the farthest room shall not exceed 90 meters and there is adequate cable route
to lay more than one UTP cables.
• Power socket is available (in this case, since ONT will be dedicated to a particular customer,
the power shall be provisioned from the customer’s power distribution box).
Figure 5-36: Example of Service Provisioning 1
Figure 5-37: Example of Service Provisioning 2
75. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch5 - 47
Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option2). If drop fiber exists in individual floors, a
new ONT shall be installed on floors requesting for the service. And service connection shall not be
provided from the nearby ONT dedicated for other users.
Figure 5-38: Example of Service Provisioning 3
Figure 5-39: Example of Service Provisioning 4