Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud

LOGO
Yeshwanta Hebalkar
India Testing Week 2013
Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
14th Dec Hyderabad
www.unicomlearning.com
www.nextgentesting.org

Agenda
• Overview of Cloud Computing
• Cloud Delivery & Deployment Models
• Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Testing Cloud or Cloud Testing
• What is Tactical Cloud?
• Benefits of Tactical Cloud
• Tactical Cloud - Usecase Scenario
• Tactical Cloud Computing and Indian Military
• DPP ‘Make’ Procedure Design & Development
• Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud
• Conclusion

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as
“A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, applications
and services that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.”
Essential Characteristics
• On-demand self-service
• Ubiquitous network access
• Location independent resource pooling
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service
Cloud Computing Overview

Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)
Platform As A Service (PaaS)
Cloud Delivery Models
Computing Storage
Network
Database
Microsoft
.net
Java
Objects
Mobile
Laptop Tablet Server
Desktop
Software As A Service (SaaS)
MonitorContent CommunicateCollaboration

Organization
Cloud Deployment Models
Internet
Public
Cloud
Organization
Internet
Organization
Private
Cloud
Private
Cloud
Internet
Public
Cloud
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Organization
Private
Cloud
Internet
Public
Cloud
Hybrid Cloud Multi Hybrid
Clouds in a
community

Benefits of Cloud Computing
Expected benefits
• Better utilization of computing resources leading to cost savings due to
consolidation of operations and maintenance
• Pooling of IT expertise for efficient and effective use of technical human
resource leading to improved IT service
• Improved service reliability and availability from hardware, network
redundancy and data backup
• Ability to provide service as pay while use rather than fixed capital cost
with higher overhead
• Improved overall service performance and response time from flexible, on
demand sharing of resources
• Improved economies of scale
Cost
Reduction
Pooling of
Resources
Improved
Performance
Service
Reliability
Lesser
Overhead
Improved
Economies
of Scale

Testing Cloud Or Cloud Testing
Testing Cloud
•Intended to test applications
deployed on the cloud
• Functional validation
• Apps to be validated for
performance and security
deployed on the cloud
• Checking app getting
established on cloud
infrastructure
Cloud Testing
•Intended to deliver service to
the customer over the network
• Cloud Testing intended as
Testing As A Service(TaaS) over
the cloud
• Leveraging infrastructure on
the cloud and validating the app

What is Tactical Cloud?
• Term tactical refers to the military domain
•Tactical cloud computing has been defined as
“the use of cloud computing technology and techniques for the support of
localized and short-lived information access and processing requirements”
• Cloud computing in a military tactical environment, supporting series of tasks and/or
engagements in real-time within a tight Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA) loop
• Tactical computing – Refers to processing of data from various sensors deployed in
land, air or sea
• Tactical computing includes shared situational awareness among geographically
dispersed forces in a digitally connected battlefield
•The network centric warfare (NCW) needs globally distributed system of systems
that allows edge entities who are conducting military missions to retrieve the
information from ubiquitous sources anytime and anywhere

Tactical Cloud Computing
Tactical Data
Information Grid
Weapon
Platform
Command &
Control
Logistics
Fighting
Forces
Sensor Intelligence Personnel
– Net-Centricity
– Decentralized Control
– Enterprise Services
– Shared Data
– Web 2.0
Net-Centric Solution
War-fighter
– Stove-Piped Information
– Centralized Control
– Unique Software Solutions
– Data Not Shared
– Inefficiency
Challenges with present solution
• Cloud computing is based on
 SOA and web services
technologies
 Grid computing – Sensor grid,
Information grid
 Virtualization
Tactical Cloud Computing
• Tactical battlefield environment
pose a more difficult problem
requiring special consideration

Benefits of Tactical Cloud Computing
Mission Effectiveness of the tactical cloud computing
The most critical aspect is the effectiveness of the cloud
computing which is the single most driver for tactical cloud in
military mission.
• Improved net-centric capability leading to better planning in terms of
operational and strategic levels of military hierarchy
• By mobilizing cloud computing resources to capture real time
intelligence from battlefield or in case of asymmetric warfare leading to
provide superiority in the war fighting chances
• More likely to synchronize command, control, communications,
computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (C4ISR) in the
event of attack
• Improved interoperability between joint forces in case of joint missions
spanning across various groups within armed forces, state police
departments, home ministry department, para-military forces
Better Planning
Information
Superiority
C4ISR
Synchronization
Interoperability
Mission
Effectiveness

Usecase Scenario – Tactical
Cloud
Consider a situation in which Indian Navy’s coast guard unit deployed
in the Arabian sea which is addressing range of coastal security issues
such as smuggling, weapons trafficking, piracy and terrorism.
 Officer detects cargo ship whose historical data does not match on
detection
 Coast guard ship having an onboard helicopter, guided missile facility
onboard
Helicopter & ship equipped with Computing resources + dedicated
sensors and weapon system + additional data processing and storage
resources capable of high performance computing required for
advanced image processing
Facilitates sensor fusion and intelligence gathering as well as high
bandwidth communication systems to access shore based information
systems
The high performance computing resources on the helicopter and the
ship pooled together to support a private tactical cloud computing
environment for coast guard surveillance

: Tactical
Cloud
:Coastal
Cloud
getSensorData()
responseData()
getShipInfo(id:Track-ID) getShipInfo(id:TC-ID)
ShipData( )
ShipData( )
vessel(ID:TrkID, m:AlertInfo)
vessel(ID:AI TrkID, m:AI AlertInfo)
Tactical Cloud Computing – Coastal Surveillance Sequence Diagram
:Officer
Usecase Scenario – Tactical
Cloud

The Officer onboard the helicopter utilizes additional resources available in the sensor
network and informs Tactical Cloud to determine further data about the cargo ship.
1. The officer initiates a set of requests to local Tactical cloud which in turn automatically
triggers request to the coastal cloud on the shore
2. Response to those requests to lead the Officer to discover that cargo ship does not
match its historical data
3. The cargo ship has been classified as a new vessel of interest. The Officer alerts the
Tactical Cloud to track the cargo ship
4. The vessel contact report is also pushed into intelligence and coastal domain clouds as
per naval commander’s policies of Indian Navy
5. The Officer as part of his duty alerts to the appropriate authorities via SaaS of the
coastal cloud to watch for the cargo ship and notify other relevant authorities prior to
arrival to the port
6. The Officer continues to coordinate the tracking of vessel of interest until relieved by
higher authorities
Usecase Description

Tactical Communication System (TCS)
Modernization of Indian Army
 Total order value approx USD 2 Bn
 Two Developing Agencies (DAs), namely Bharat Electronics Ltd and a Consortium of Larsen &
Tubro, Tata Power (Strategic Electronics Division) and HCL Infosystems
 Shortlisted companies to prepare a Detailed Project Report based on which the Ministry of
Defence to allocate budget for developing a prototype design by each
 One these two DAs, on selection based on the success of the prototype design supposed to
develop TCS for the Indian Army
•TCS conceived in 1990
• Evolving as telecommunication system and information carrying vehicle in the Tactical Battlefield
• A new generation meshed network exploiting the growth in microprocessor, radio, mobility and
satellite technologies
•Based on light weight high mobility vehicles which will form highly mobile communication nodes
connected as a grid
•Largely based on tested COTS technologies.
•Availability of Higher Bandwidth to handle significantly higher data rates and provide Voice, Video
and Data

Battlefield Management System (BMS)
Soldier level
A handheld system providing individual
dismounted soldiers with the information and
communication tools they need.
Vehicle level
The system to support tactical units with multi-
role functionalities and should be integrated in
vehicles as well as with weapons and sensors.
HQ level
The system should have a flexible, multilevel
HQ configuration for advanced mission
planning, after action Review and connectivity
with higher command.
 Total order value approx USD 8 Bn with a Program Life Cycle Support for 15- 20 years
 Second largest MAKE Program of the Indian Armed Forces after FICV
 Deploying BMS solution for 500 + battalions
 Expected retro fitment into existing vehicle fleet of about 30000 vehicles
 Modernization and upgrade of all C4I elements up to a Battalion level for all Arms and Services

• Total size >10 Bn USD under Make category
• Bidders Mahindra, Tata, L&T, Bharat Forge and OFB
• L1 to get 70% order value ; L2 -30%
• FICV Project announced by the Govt of India under ‘MAKE’ Category of DPP 2011
• Following trials the winning consortia will be awarded up to 70% of the production contract
and the 2nd consortia up to 30% (subject to conditions)
Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV)
User Requirements Specifications
 Mobility
 Tactical : Tracked , amphibious
 Strategic Mobility: Inter / Intra theatre moves ; Within acceptable Dimensions and
Weight
 Firepower: Third Generation ATGM, Cannons, Machine Guns, AGL Digital fully integrated
fire control systems
 Survivability: against all weapons on the battlefield - use of Hard & Soft Kill Protection
Systems, Mine Protection, NBC
 Communications: Battlefield Management System

*DPP Strategic Objectives
*Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP)
 Self reliance and indigenization
 Modernization of armed forces
• Defence Acquisition - Complex decision making process that
balances between
• Competing requirements of expeditious procurement
• Development of indigenous defence industry
• Conformity to the highest standards of transparency, probity
and public accountability

Procurement categories under DPP
Buy
Buy would mean an
outright purchase of
equipment. Based on the
source of procurement,
this category would
be classified as ‘Buy
(Indian)’ and ‘Buy
(Global)’. ‘Indian’ would
mean Indian vendors
only and ‘Global’ would
mean foreign as well as
Indian vendors. ‘Buy
Indian’ must have
minimum 30 %
indigenous content if the
systems are being
integrated by an Indian
vendor.
Buy & MakeBuy MakeBuy & Make Indian
Buy & Make Indian
‘Buy & Make (Indian)’
decision would mean
purchase from an Indian
vendor including an Indian
company forming joint
venture / establishing
production arrangement
with OEM followed by
licensed production /
indigenous
manufacture in the
country. ‘Buy & Make
(Indian)’ must have
minimum 50 % indigenous
content on cost basis.
Buy & Make
Acquisitions covered
under the ‘Buy &
Make’ decision would
mean purchase from
a foreign vendor
followed
by licensed
production /
indigenous
manufacture in the
country.
Make
Acquisitions covered
under
the ‘Make’ decision
would include high
technology complex
systems to be
designed,
developed and
produced
indigenously.

Typical Procurement Timeline
•Initiation of
Procurement
Process
•Draft Services
Qualitative
Requirements
•Detailed
Technical
requirement
•Quantity,
acquisition
category offset
obligations,
training
requirements
• Commercial
aspects
• Evaluation
criteria
•Technical
evaluation of
proposals
• Field
Evaluation
• Staff
Evaluation
•Technical
Oversight
Committee
(TOC) for
Acquisitions ,if
applicable
•Commercial
negotiations
with finalization
report
•Finalization of
offset contract
•Approval of
Competent
Financial
Authority (CFA)
•Supply order
creation
• Note: In case of ‘Make’ procedure for prototype Design & Development stage for which additional time to be accounted
Project
Definition
Preliminary
Design
Integration
Test &
Analysis
Fabrication/
Development
Detailed
Design
Performance
Evaluation
Prototype Design & Development Cycle
Acceptance of
Necessity,
Issue of Draft
RFP
Commercial
Negotiation
Technical
Evaluation &
Field Trials
Issue of RFP
Award of
Contract
Months 1 4 12 to 18 19 to 24 25 to 32
Involvement of IPMT at each phase for review & early feedback

Network Centric Warfare
(NCW)
Roadmap for NCW among tri services
Interoperability With legacy computer, communication systems,
various private, public clouds from different agencies
Limited Bandwidth Expensive bandwidth under hostile environment
Localized Boundary Defining the geographic localized boundary
Timeliness of Data Time limit for data, computing & communication
Security, privacy,
data/voice integrity
Security coverage for data in tactical battlefield
Changing Roles A war fighter data consumer may become data
producer

Heterogeneous data
sources
Unstructured data such as signals, text, image and
video with different standardization
Uncertain, noisy data Uncertainty in collected data due to weak signal,
packet loss, jamming
Standards & regulations Lack of Indian standards such as JSS 55555 and
regulations such as ITAR
Size, Weight & Power
(SWaP)
Constraints due to competing requirements for
mobility, survivability, firepower
Test Infrastructure &
Environment
Specialized test range facilities available with MoD
Uncertainties in DPP Uncertainties in policies & decision making such as
FICV program
Manpower in industry Lack of trained manpower in industry & training
workforce

Big data Data storage capacity, network congestion in tactical
cloud environment
Malware attacks Malware attacks, advanced persistent threats
continuously posing challenges
Spectrum licenses Spectrum allocation needed from agencies controlling
spectrum (ISRO/ANTRIX – Devas project, ‘S’ band )
RF Communication Need to test all types of weather conditions and
terrain conditions for validation
Troubleshooting & defect
fixing
Very high cost in creating separate development, field
environment
Unable to cover possible
scenarios
Scenarios such as NBC event, NEMP, E bomb event,
urban war such as 26/11 attack and combinations of it
Technology Acquisition Industry, tri-services and Govt. priorities clash from
time to time

Conclusion
 Challenges multi-fold along the critical path
 However opportunities in leveraging based on IT industry experience
due to synergy
 Industrial institutions and national security required to be protected
from challenges emerging from cyber warfare
 Industry can significantly contribute in order to stay abreast in the
context of information superiority from NCW standpoint

Organized by
UNICOM Trainings & Seminars Pvt. Ltd.
contact@unicomlearning.com
Speaker name: Yeshwanta Hebalkar
Email ID: Yeshwanta.Hebalkar@TechMahindra.com
Thank You

Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud

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Challenges in Testing Tactical Cloud