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Managing Customer Satisfaction at
a Maruti authorized service station
       Service Marketing Management – Group Project




                      Team (EPGP):
                D.Gopalakrishnan (0910021)
                 Mukesh Sharma (0910036)
                  Sujeet Kumar (0910062)




      INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE

                      December 1, 2009
Table of Contents
                                                                                    OBJECTIVE ..........................................................................................................2
                                                                                    INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................3
                                                                                    LIFETIME VALUE OF A CUSTOMER .........................................................................3
                                                                                    FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ....................................................4
                                                                                    SERVICE PROCESS ................................................................................................ 5
                                                                                      SERVICE INITIATION ............................................................................................... 6
                                                                                      IN-SERVICE EXPERIENCE .......................................................................................... 7
                                                                                      SERVICE DELIVERY ................................................................................................ 7
                                                                                      POST-SERVICE EXPERIENCE ......................................................................................8
                                                                                    MARUTI SERVICE PROCESS....................................................................................9
                                                                                    MEASURING & CLOSING THE GAPS ....................................................................... 10
                                                                                      GAP-1 ............................................................................................................. 11
                                                                                      GAP-2 ............................................................................................................. 13
                                                                                      GAP-3 ............................................................................................................. 14
                                                                                      GAP-4 ............................................................................................................. 17
                                                                                      GAP-5 (CUSTOMER GAP) ...................................................................................... 19
                                                                                    MAPPING SATISFACTION CATEGORIES ................................................................. 23
                                                                                      SATISFACTION CATEGORIES .................................................................................... 23
                                                                                      MEETING EXPECTATIONS ....................................................................................... 24
                                                                                    CHALLENGES .................................................................................................... 26
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                      CUSTOMER ....................................................................................................... 26
                                                                                      COMPETITOR .................................................................................................... 26
                                                                                      COMPANY ........................................................................................................ 28
                                                                                      CONTEXT ......................................................................................................... 28
                                                                                    OPPORTUNITIES (WITH RECOMMENDATIONS) ............................................................. 29
                                                                                      TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................... 29
                                                                                      BUNDLING ........................................................................................................ 29
                                                                                      LEVERAGING EFFICIENCY ....................................................................................... 30
                                                                                      MOBILE SERVICE ................................................................................................. 30
                                                                                      SERVICE GUARANTEE ........................................................................................... 31
                                                                                      EXTENSIVE NETWORK .......................................................................................... 31
                                                                                    OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 32
                                                                                      MEASURING THE GAPS .......................................................................................... 32
                                                                                      CLOSING THE GAPS .............................................................................................. 33
                                                                                      TACKLING CHALLENGES ........................................................................................ 34
                                                                                      DELIGHTERS ...................................................................................................... 35
                                                                                    REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 39




                                   1
OBJECTIVE

This project covers the various aspects of managing customer satisfaction at a Maruti authorized dealer
workshop.

Through this project we aim at understanding and analyzing the customer satisfaction management
systems, presently followed by Maruti workshops, and its significance through the perspectives learnt in
the subject “Service Marketing Management”.

At the end of the project, we also attempt to suggest recommendations for improving the present
Customer Satisfaction management systems of Maruti workshops based on our learning in the subject.




                                                                                                           Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                    2
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti
                                                                                           authorized service station
                                                                                    INTRODUCTION
                                                                                    An automobile is a quite unique product. Unlike pure services, it has a component of the product
                                                                                    quality which affects the overall experience of the customers and unlike pure products it has a service
                                                                                    component which also significantly affects the overall experience of the customers. There are many
                                                                                    products today in which there is some component of service which a customer may or may not
                                                                                    experience but an automobile is one such product which has a component of Periodic Maintenance
                                                                                    Service (PMS) i.e. the regular service which a customer definitely experiences during the ownership of
                                                                                    the product.
                                                                                    For a typical automobile, a customer visits the workshop to avail service almost 3 times per year for
                                                                                    regular maintenance as well as intermittent repairs. A car is owned by a person for almost 4-5 years on
                                                                                    an average. Hence, during the entire lifetime of a car, a customer experiences after-sales service almost
                                                                                    12-15 times while he experiences the sales just once. As the ratio of overall experience is significantly
                                                                                    skewed towards after-sales service, hence the service satisfaction has a significant effect on the loyalty of
                                                                                    a customer.

                                                                                    LIFETIME VALUE OF A CUSTOMER
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                    The typical lifetime value of a customer (not discounted to present value) who purchases a small car and
                                                                                    avails service and body repair needs of his car for 5 years would be as follows:
                                                                                    S.No. Activity                 Amount       % Net         Margin        No. of      Lifetime       Earned
                                                                                                                    spent       Margin        earned       visits in     value         during
                                                                                                                    (Rs.)                      (Rs.)       lifetime       (Rs.)
                                                                                    1       Purchase of car        3,50,000        1%           3,500          1          3,500         Sales
                                                                                    2       First year insurance    10,500        10%           1,050          1          1,050         Sales
                                                                                            (~ 3% of insured
                                                                                            value)
                                                                                    3       Car accessories         10,000        15%           1,500          1          1,500         Sales
                                                                                                                                Total margin earned thru SALES            6,050        ~ 24%
                                                                                    4       Service                 3,000         15%            450          15          6,750        Service
                                                                                    5       Body Repair             10,000        25%           2,500          2          5,000        Service
                                                                                    6       Annual Insurance        7,000         10%            700           4          2,800        Service
                                                                                            renewal
                                                                                    7       Resale of 2nd hand     2,00,000       2.5%          5,000          1          5,000        Service
                                                                                            car purchased from
                                                                                            customer
                                                                                                                              Total margin earned thru SERVICE           19,550        ~ 76%




                                   3
In the above table, the amounts assumed are an approximate conservative estimate from the Maruti
Suzuki’s dealers’ data.
As we can see from the above data that Service contributes to almost 75% or three-fourths of the
margin earned from each customer. Hence, it becomes critical to focus on the service experience of a
customer as it has a major contribution to the bottom-line of an automobile dealership.
But, there are 3 important behaviors of a customer which every automobile business desires to
ensure that the earnings detailed in the above table are virtually achieved in perpetuity:
    1. Recommend – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will influence the
       “word-of-mouth” of the customer and hence have a strong effect on the business received from
       the friends and relatives of the customer.
    2. Revisit – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will also have an effect on
       the repeat visit of the customer for fulfilling the repeat service needs of his vehicle.
    3. Re-purchase – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will also affect the
       re-purchase behavior of the customer when he decides to replace his vehicle with a new one.
Thus indirectly the service satisfaction has an effect on the entire spectrum of earnings during the
lifetime of a customer.

FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
For an automobile, the customer satisfaction is affected by 2 factors:




                                                                                                            Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
    1. Service quality
    2. Product quality


                               Service
                               Quality

                                                        Customer
                                                       Satisfaction
                               Product
                               Quality


As per the importance study conducted by M/s. JD Power, product quality (i.e. Problems
Experienced) has just ~25% effect on the customers’ satisfaction while the service quality (i.e. total of
remaining factors) has almost ~75% impact. The same is depicted below in the pie chart.
Thus we also see that in automobile ownership, the service quality has a higher impact on the overall
customer satisfaction than the product quality. Moreover, an automobile service provider has little
control on the product quality which is mainly affected/ controlled by the manufacturer.
Hence, it is important and rather more relevant for a dealership to focus more on service quality rather
than product quality.

                                                                                                                     4
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                    Keeping the above facts in mind, our further discussions shall focus primarily on Service Quality.
                                                                                    In order to understand how to manage customer satisfaction, we will first describe the various stages of
                                                                                    getting a vehicle serviced. Then we shall describe the ways that can be adopted to measure the gap
                                                                                    between the perception and expectation. In the subsequent section we will try to describe the ways in
                                                                                    which the gaps can be closed & service quality be improved and finally we shall recommend ways in
                                                                                    which the entire experience can be designed to excel in customer satisfaction.

                                                                                    SERVICE PROCESS
                                                                                    The entire service process which a customer undergoes can be broken down into 4 main stages:
                                                                                        1.   Service Initiation
                                                                                        2.   In-Service Experience
                                                                                        3.   Service Delivery
                                                                                        4.   Post-Service Experience
                                                                                    In the following sub-section, we will try to understand what the customer evaluates during each step of
                                                                                    the service process. This will help us in designing the entire service experience to take care of potential
                                                                                    shortfalls. In each of the steps of interaction, we will also try to understand the hygiene factors and the
                                                                                    activities which can delight the customer.



                                   5
Service Initiation
This is the stage in which a customer gets his vehicle into the service. The convenience and speed with
which the customer is able to get his vehicle into the service process determines the satisfaction level of
the customer. Usually the customers give their vehicle in the morning before going to the office.
Hence, usually time is the essence here. Customers usually feel that as the workshop staff is technically
qualified hence the time spent for getting his vehicle into service is of no use. The anxiety level of the
customer increases exponentially with the increase in waiting time as he has a time-bound activity
planned after that (reaching office on time).
The subsequent interaction of the customer is with the Service Advisor of the workshop who is a
technical person. His responsibility is to understand the service needs of the customer and understand
the exact problems with the vehicle so that the same can be conveyed to the supervisor and technician
for necessary rectification. Hence, the Service Advisor is a vital link between the customer (who is
facing the problem) and the technician (who will rectify the problem). This is usually the first link of the
communication chain. As we know, the strength of the weakest link will decide the strength of the
entire chain.
The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are:
    1. When arrived at workshop, the time taken for someone to acknowledge his presence
    2. Time spent waiting to speak to the Service Advisor
    3. Overall performance of the Service Advisor
          a. Understanding specific problems with the vehicle




                                                                                                               Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
          b. Asking questions to clarify further needs
          c. Listening to the customer
          d. Behavior (Giving attention and treating with courtesy)
          e. Knowledge and expertise
    4. Overall opinion of facility
          a. Convenience of location
          b. Cleanliness of facility
          c. Convenience of days and hours of workshop operation




                                                                                                                        6
If there is a gap in understanding the customer and vehicle service requirements then it leads to a
                                                                                    snowballing effect which will increase the magnitude of problems during the delivery of the vehicle in
                                                                                    the evening. This is depicted pictorially above.

                                                                                    In-Service Experience
                                                                                    This stage is particularly applicable to the customers wait in the workshop premises while the vehicle is
                                                                                    being serviced. This is also a critical phase of the overall customer experience as most of the times either
                                                                                    his own vehicle or other customers’ vehicle is being seen by the customer while it is being serviced.
                                                                                    Hence, it has a significant impact on the confidence level of the customer as while giving the vehicle for
                                                                                    service, the customer is entrusting the care and safety of the vehicle to the workshop personnel. Time is
                                                                                    also the essence here as a customer who is waiting for the service to be completed will generally expect
                                                                                    the vehicle to be returned faster than a customer who has given his vehicle for serviced and gone back to
                                                                                    his office/ home.
                                                                                    But, whether the customer is waiting or not, he would definitely expect communication from the
                                                                                    workshop in case the vehicle requires additional repairs which may either attract additional cost or time
                                                                                    or both.
                                                                                    The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are:
                                                                                        1.   Comfort during the waiting period
                                                                                        2.   Cleanliness of the waiting area
                                                                                        3.   Amenities available in the waiting area like beverages, TV, magazines etc.
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                        4.   Communication in case additional time or cost or both are required
                                                                                    If there is a lapse in the communication while the vehicle is in service, then it can also add to the
                                                                                    snowballing effect and lead to a bigger problem in the evening during vehicle delivery. This is also
                                                                                    depicted in the picture shown in the previous sub-section.

                                                                                    Service Delivery
                                                                                    This is the stage when the customer visits the workshop or waits and collects the vehicle after the
                                                                                    completion of service. Delivery is an important part of the entire link as it is a crucial opportunity to
                                                                                    make it up to the customer in the event of any lapse which may have happened while accepting the
                                                                                    vehicle. During the delivery, customer would expect the vehicle to be in a state better than when he left
                                                                                    the vehicle for servicing. This is the stage of service when the customer evaluates the fulfillment of all
                                                                                    promises made to him i.e. regarding time, cost and work. Here too the time is an important factor, but
                                                                                    the customer is not in as much hurry as he is likely to be when he leaves the vehicle for servicing in the
                                                                                    morning. But, as the customer makes payment for the services he has availed, he expects the value of
                                                                                    service he receives to be worth what he is paying for. Though the customer would be able to realize and
                                                                                    evaluate the quality of service completely after using the vehicle for a few days, he can very well
                                                                                    evaluate the basic aspects of service during the delivery itself.
                                                                                    This is the time when the customer again interacts with the Service Advisor and hence gets the
                                                                                    opportunity to complete his assessment.
                                                                                    The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are:
                                                                                        1. Acknowledgement of customer’s arrival at workshop

                                   7
2. Time taken to bring the vehicle after arrival of customer
    3. Promptness of having vehicle ready when promised
    4. Overall performance of Service Advisor
            a. Honesty
            b. Fulfillment of commitments
            c. Behavior (Giving attention and treating with courtesy)
            d. Knowledge and expertise
    5. Explanation of work done
    6. Explanation of charges/ bill amount
    7. Cleanliness of vehicle
    8. Fairness of charges
    9. Thoroughness of fulfilling requests
    10. Availability of parts for service
    11. Overall opinion of facility
            a. Convenience of location
            b. Cleanliness of facility
            c. Convenience of days and hours of workshop operation
    12. Dealer taking ownership of service to assure of any problems in future
Service Delivery is the last stage of service when physical interaction happens between the customer and
the workshop staff. After this, a physical interaction may be required only in the event of requirement
of any service recovery activity. On the other hand, if a customer experiences a lapse in service at the




                                                                                                               Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
time of delivery, then the service recovery activity may be required on-the-spot depending on the time
required for the activity and time available with the customer.

Post-Service Experience
This is the stage of the service when customer evaluates the quality of service by using the vehicle.
Here, there is no physical interaction between the customer and the workshop as the customer is all by
himself. This is a critical stage as when the customer takes delivery of vehicle after completion of service
he may not be able to completely evaluate the service performance. As most of the customers are not
technically competent, hence they may not be able to differentiate between product problem and
service problem. For few days (~ 1 month) after service, even if any problem crops up with the vehicle
due to product quality, the customer may attribute it to poor quality of service performed by the
workshop. On the other hand, as the customer is usually in a hurry during the delivery of the vehicle,
he may not be able to thoroughly evaluate the performance of the vehicle then. Hence, it becomes
critical to keep track of the customer for few days after service in order to assess the satisfaction of
customer.
The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are:
    1.   Ability to understand and diagnose problem mentioned
    2.   Quality of work performed
    3.   Trouble free operation
    4.   Ease of maintenance and repair
    5.   Dealership’s concern for service
    6.   Work done right first time

                                                                                                                        8
MARUTI SERVICE PROCESS
                                                                                    The complete process from acceptance of vehicle to delivery in a Maruti service station is shown below:
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                   9
MEASURING & CLOSING THE GAPS
Customer satisfaction is defined as the gap between the performance of workshop and the expectations
of customer. The performance of workshop is the quality of service as “perceived” by the customer and
expectation is the customer’s “preconceived notion” of what he will get or what he deserves. As we can
see from the diagram below, even if a workshop delivers same quality to 2 different customers A & B,
one of them can be dissatisfied while the other can be satisfied depending on the difference in their
expectations.




                                                                                                             Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
Thus it is important to strive to deliver higher levels of service quality in order to be able to match or
exceed the expectations of a significant majority of customers.
From the “Gaps model” we know that customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction (Gap-5: gap between the
expected and the perceived service) is a function of the other gaps (Gap 1 to 4) depicted in the chart
below.




                                                                                                             10
In order to improve customer satisfaction, it is important to measure it. Thus in this section, we will
                                                                                    understand how different gaps are measured by Maruti.

                                                                                    Gap-1
                                                                                    This is the gap between the service expected by the customer and understanding of the same by the
                                                                                    organization. This gap can exist because of insufficient communication between the service provider and
                                                                                    the user/ service receiver. This can also happen because of lack of willingness of the management of an
                                                                                    organization to investigate customer expectations. If there is a gap in understanding, then it can lead to
                                                                                    wrong allocation of resources and hence wastages at the cost of customer satisfaction.
                                                                                    In Maruti, this gap is not measured directly by the company. The company relies on the annual
                                                                                    Customer Satisfaction Study done by M/s.JD Power. JD Power designs the customer satisfaction survey
                                                                                    by studying the various processes in a workshop. The various processes are clubbed under various
                                                                                    factors which serve as the common denominator for a group of processes. The factors are further
                                                                                    broken down into attributes which a customer expects or observes or experiences during the course of
                                                                                    service. After that sample customer study is conducted in the market to understand the importance
                                                                                    customers have for each of the attributes. The feedback of the sample of customers is then collated to
                                                                                    arrive at the average importance weights for each of the attributes which are further clubbed to derive
                                                                                    the weightages for each of the factors. The summation of factors further leads to the Customer
                                                                                    Satisfaction Index (CSI).
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




11
In order to close the gap, this study to assess the importance of various service factors to customers is
done once in 5 years. The same is communicated by JD Power to all automobile companies in the
country. Maruti adopts the Customer Satisfaction study on similar lines and revises its design at the
same time when JD Power does. This is done in order to be able to compare the results of JD Power
study results with the internal study done by Maruti.
The design of JD power study in 2003, 2004, 2008 and 2009 is given below.




                                                                                                            Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                            12
As we can see from the pie-charts above the design of the study (i.e. factor weightages) remained the
                                                                                    same during 2004-2008 (i.e. 5 years). It was different in 2003 and was again modified in 2009.

                                                                                    Gap-2
                                                                                    This is the gap between the service provider’s perception of user’s expectations and the service
                                                                                    standards laid down by the company. This gap may exist because of unreasonable or unrealistic
                                                                                    expectations or lack of experience of the persons responsible for determining and setting the standards.
                                                                                    Maruti has developed Service Quality Standards (SQS) over the years in order to convert the
                                                                                    understanding of customer’s expectations to implementable processes. It is difficult to measure this gap
                                                                                    as it is difficult to directly quantify the defined processes. However, it is possible to gauge the
                                                                                    effectiveness of the processes and standards defined.
                                                                                    In Maruti, this gap is closed by continuously modifying the service standards based on internal customer
                                                                                    satisfaction surveys and external satisfaction surveys like that conducted by M/s.JD Power. Depending
                                                                                    on the feedback of customers and the importance they attach with the different aspects of service,
                                                                                    standards are developed by a department within the service Division dedicated for this purpose. The
                                                                                    standards and operating procedures are usually developed through either brainstorming or by
                                                                                    transferring best practices of workshops who would have already implemented some system with
                                                                                    success to live-up to the particular expectations of customers. The system thus decided are documented
                                                                                    in the SQS manual and communicated to workshops throughout the country for uniform
                                                                                    implementation.
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                  SQS-2008
                                                                                    SQS No.   Service Standard
                                                                                       1      Vehicle returned clean
                                                                                       2      Completed all of the work requested
                                                                                       3      Reasonable charges for servicing
                                                                                       4      Vehicle delivery at promised delivery time
                                                                                       5      Work done right first time
                                                                                       6      Explanation of work prior to service
                                                                                       7      Addressed appropriately
                                                                                       8      Reasonable time for servicing
                                                                                       9      Informed when the vehicle would be ready
                                                                                      10      Waiting area clean
                                                                                      11      Explanantion of work after service completed
                                                                                      12      Service personnel neatly dressed
                                                                                      13      Informed when service was completed
                                                                                      14      Reasonable wait at the service centre
                                                                                      15      Repair order provided before service
                                                                                      16      Informed when to schedule next visit
                                                                                      17      Sevice charges explained
                                                                                      18      Post service follow - up by workshop personnel
                                                                                      19      Workshop open on weekends
                                                                                      20      Workshop open during late hours
                                                                                      21      Informed vehicle settings changed                                                      SQS-2003
                                                                                      22      Notified for service by workshop personnel                SQS No.   Service Standard
                                                                                      23      Transportation provided                                      1      Vehicle Ready at Promised Time
                                                                                      24      Free loaner car provided                                     2      Reasonable Time for Servicing
                                                                                      25      Estimate provided before service                             3      Washing Quality of Vehicles
                                                                                      26      Dealing with IQS cards and owners manual feedback cards      4      Dealership Values your Business
                                                                                      27      Home visit by service advisor                                5      Reasonable Charges for Servicing
                                                                                      28      Steering committee meetings at dealer workshops              6      Reasonable wait at the Service Centre
                                                                                      29      Focus customer meet                                          7      Procedure for Post Service Follow-up by Workshop Personnel
                                                                                      30      Analysis and closure of CSI cards                            8      Procedure for Service Reminder by Workshop Personnel
                                                                                      31      Scrutinizing of CSI cards                                    9      Importance of Value Added Services to the Customers
                                                                                      32      Spare parts availabiltiy at workshop                        10      Standard Operating Procedure for Final Inspection
                                                                                      33      Free pick up and drop for lady customers                    11      Standard Operating Procedure for Road Test
                                                                                      34      One page follow-up by workshop personnel                    12      Standard Operating Procedure for CSI Cards
                                                                                      35      Road test                                                   13      Handling of IQS Cards and Owner’s manual Feedback Cards
                                                                                      36      Final inspection                                            14      Procedure for OMR Follow-up Workshop Personnel
                                                                                      37      Greeting customers on birthday and anniversary              15      Procedure for handling Repeat Jobs




13
As we can see from the tables above, there were 15 Service Quality Standards (SQS) in 2003. Over the
years, based on customer’s evolving preferences and feedbacks, new SQS were developed and in 2008
there were 37 SQS i.e. 22 new standards were developed over a period of 5 years.
Thus it is important to continuously evolve new standards and modify existing standards to keep up
with the changing expectations of customers.
In each standard, few measures of performance haven been identified and benchmarks have been set for
all quantifiable aspects. The performance benchmarks as are given in the table below.




                                                                                                              Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
                                                          Service Performance Benchmarks
                                                          These are the measurable aspects of the Service
                                                          quality standards which are least expected
                                                          from a workshop. These standards are
                                                          communicated and monitored for the entire
                                                          workshop to quantify the performance and
                                                          target improvements. Based on customer
                                                          feedbacks, the performance benchmarks also
                                                          undergo revision from time to time.


Gap-3
This is the gap between the service standards and the actual service delivery. This gap is all about the
implementation. The best of the systems may have been developed but because of human factor, it leads
to heterogeneity and hence this gap may arise.
In Maruti, this gap is measured by conducting SQS audits (once in a quarter) at workshops. These audits
usually last 2 full days as it requires a thorough audit of workshop systems. Based on the criticality of a


                                                                                                              14
system, each parameter is attributed a weight and eventually a score out of 100 is calculated for each
                                                                                               workshop. In an SQS audit there are 2 components – Enablers and Results. Enablers are the audit points
                                                                                               which for systems while Results are the data incorporated from different sources of customer feedback.
                                                                                               The sample SQS audit form is shown below. The exhibit below shows the portion of the audit for SQS-
                                                                                               01: Vehicle returned clean. Similar audit is done for all the remaining standards.

                                                                                                   (S.Q.S.-01) - Vehicle returned clean
                                                                                                                     Check points for SQS                                                                 Status                                                                 Scored   %Marks
                                                                                                    Sl.No.                                                Verification documents/activities                               Remarks             Full mark Scored marks Full mark   marks    scored
                                                                                                                       implementation                                                                    OK / NG

                                                                                                             Is dedicated washing supervisor(s)         Check washing supervisor(s) availabilty in
                                                                                                      1
                                                                                                             available in the workshop?                 the workshop.                                     OK                                     5            4
                                                                                                             Is the washing supervisor's control
                                                                                                                                                        Check washing supervisor's control
                                                                                                      2      register available and entries made till
                                                                                                                                                        register for entries as per SQS-03/F1 format.     NG       one stage only                10           4
                                                                                                             date?
                                                                                                             Whether the GM/WM audit is being
                                                                                                                                                        Check GM / Works manager's 6 audit check                   Washing audit to be
                                                                                    ENABLERS




                                                                                                      3      carried out on daily basis as per the
                                                                                                                                                        lists for entries.                                NG       done by GM/WM                 5            2
                                                                                                             prescribed checklist?
                                                                                                             Is washing quality display board           Check washing quality display board for
                                                                                                      4
                                                                                                             available and entries updated?             updation on audit day.                            OK                                     5            4
                                                                                                                                                         Check the final washing process after final
                                                                                                             Is the final washing being done after final
                                                                                                      6
                                                                                                             inspection?
                                                                                                                                                         inspection as per flow chart on the audit        NG       one stage washing only        5            2
                                                                                                                                                         day.

                                                                                                             Is manpower in washing area available   Check total washing manpower and
                                                                                                      7      as per norms and assigned specific jobs assignment for each washing job (refer to            NG       Avg. 4.5 vehicles/person      10           4
                                                                                                             as per washing process?                 SQS).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        55        28      50%
                                                                                                             Is the washing check list displayed in the Check display of check list in the washing
                                                                                                      8      washing area? Distribution of work in      area. Whether distribution of work is             NG                                     5
                                                                                                             washing area.                              being followed and displayed.

                                                                                                             Check internal CSI feedback card of last
                                                                                                      9
                                                                                                             3 month card on the parameter                                                                94%                 12
                                                                                    RESULTS




                                                                                                                                                        Give % of satisfaction from all sources. Diff
                                                                                                             Check 42 Point A* feedback of last 3   of psf calibration with R.O. should be
                                                                                                      10
                                                                                                             month card on the parameter          deducted while taking % psf satisfaction of
                                                                                                                                                                                                          76%                 27
                                                                                                                                                         CCE.(e.g. R.O. psf is 78% and dealer psf is                                             10          7.7
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                                                         83%, % of satisfaction on the parameter is
                                                                                                      11     Face to Face on the parameter                 80% , we should take (83-78) 5% les            76%                 27


                                                                                                             PSF STATUS (A* customer) on the
                                                                                                      12
                                                                                                             parameter                                                                                    75%


                                                                                               The sample summary sheet of SQS audit as arrived after conducting the complete audit is shown below:



                                                                                                                              Dealer Service Quality System Report                                                                                   Name of Dealer
                                                                                                                          Date of Audit                                          17.02.09 ~18.02.09                                                   AMBAL AUTO
                                                                                                                         Name of Auditor                                         P.K. Jain
                                                                                                                          Approved by                                                                                                    Dealer Side Participants
                                                                                                                                                                                 Director MACE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mr. Sivakumar K
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mr. Mahendran - CCM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mr. Lawrence - Sr. Mgr.
                                                                                                                                Issued by                                        Counselor MACE
                                                                                                                              Final Score                                                              70%
                                                                                                   Standard Operating Procedures                                                             Enablers(%)                                               Results(%)
                                                                                                   (1) Vehicle Returned Clean                                                                           71%                                                  77%
                                                                                                   (2) Completed all of the work requested                                                              25%                                                  79%
                                                                                                   (3) Reasonable Charge for Servicing                                                                  50%                                                  78%
                                                                                                   (4) Vehicle Ready when promised                                                                      75%                                                  78%
                                                                                                   (5) Work done right first time                                                                       100%                                                 79%
                                                                                                   (6) Explanation of Work prior to service                                                             100%                                                 79%
                                                                                                   (7) Addressed Appropriately                                                                          100%                                                 82%
                                                                                                   (8) Reasonable time for Servicing                                                                    0%                                                   79%
                                                                                                   (9) Informed when vehicle would be ready                                                             0%                                                   96%
                                                                                                   (10) Waiting area clean                                                                              97%                                                  81%
                                                                                                   (11) Explanation of work after service completed                                                     100%                                                 80%
                                                                                                   (12) Service Personnel neatly dressed                                                                70%                                                 100%




15
In order to close this gap, a workshop focuses on providing necessary resources (manpower, technology
etc.) and the softer aspects of hiring, retaining, developing and motivating manpower to get the best
adherence to systems.
The steps to close gap-3 are depicted in the chart below:




                                                               For a customer-oriented delivery:
                                                               1. Hire the right people
                                                               2. Develop people to deliver quality
                                                               service
                                                               3. Provide needed support systems
                                                               4. Retain the best people




To take care of hiring the right people, there are basic qualifications laid down for hiring manpower in




                                                                                                            Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
workshops for eg. a Service Advisor should either be DAE or ITI with min. 5 years experience;
Technician should be min. ITI, Works Manager should be BE with min.3 years experience or DAE with
min. 7 years experience.
The measures to train the hired manpower are also laid down by Maruti. There are multiple layers of
technical trainings and specific soft skill trainings depending on the role. For eg. Technician should be
min. Basic and Advance trained, Service Advisor should be min. Basic, Advance and SA training
completed. Similarly Works Manager should have attended WM training apart from basic & Advance
training. However, the empowerment and team work depends on the workshop management culture.
The support systems are also provided through SQS and periodic audits. The technology and equipment
is also specified by Maruti for eg. there should be 1 computer and printer set for opening and closing
job-cards for every 10 working bays.
The practices to focus on manpower retention are however dependent totally on the workshop
management and are not much specified by Maruti except that the systems of incentives are suggestive.
In order make the workshop focus on the different aspects of the above-mentioned HR strategies, the
norms have been laid out in the Balanced Scorecard and an annual audit is performed to evaluate all
workshops. The workshops are then given incentives based on their overall performance in the audit.
This serves as an incentive for workshops to implement the systems and procedures suggested by
Maruti. The Balanced scorecard rates the dealership on a scale of 1000 points of which Service resources
and performance are evaluated on 355 points. Within this, Customer Satisfaction Index has a weightage
of 150 points i.e. more than 40% weightage.


                                                                                                            16
Gap-4
                                                                                    This gap exists because of the difference between actual service delivery and the external
                                                                                    communications and promises made by the service provider. Elevated claims or promises become the
                                                                                    standard for setting expectations and the standard against which they will be judged. Failure to deliver
                                                                                    can result from inaccurate marketing communications, lack of or poor coordination between marketing
                                                                                    and delivery personnel, and over promising. The external communications also lead to development of
                                                                                    customers’ expectations and perceptions.
                                                                                    In Maruti, this is captured through the different sources of customer feedbacks. Currently workshops
                                                                                    make explicit promises to customers in terms of quality of work, cost and time. In other areas,
                                                                                    presently there are not many explicit service guarantees made to customers except for the warranty
                                                                                    support from manufacturers.
                                                                                    This gap can be closed by:
                                                                                        1. training and familiarizing manpower on the delivery capability of the service systems
                                                                                        2. under-promising to customers to lower their expectations
                                                                                        3. educating customers to reduce the gap due to erroneous interpretations


                                                                                                                                     Train &
                                                                                                                                   familiarize
                                                                                                                                   employees
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                                   Reduce
                                                                                                                                   Gap-4
                                                                                                                                                     Under
                                                                                                                   Educated
                                                                                                                                                   promise to
                                                                                                                   customers
                                                                                                                                                   customers


                                                                                    In order to train and familiarize manpower with the systems and the delivery capability, Maruti
                                                                                    conducts training on SQS standards, Service Advisor procedures etc. and workshops conduct training to
                                                                                    familiarize manpower with the operating procedures particular to the dealership.
                                                                                    To under-promise customers, the Service Advisors and Marketing executives are imparted the
                                                                                    necessary training to keep cushion when promising customers. For example, Service Times have been
                                                                                    communicated to all dealers for the time taken for various services (with some cushion). A sample is
                                                                                    given below:




17
Customer education in Maruti is done through personal interactions like Customer Education Meets,
explanation before and after completion of work, and elaborate written material like Customer
Information Boards (used to convey the labour rate, spares cost and workshop details), warranty terms
and conditions. A Sample of the board is shown below:




                                                                                                           Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
Usually the communication gaps creeps up in warranty. Customers assume that all repairs are covered
under the warranty clause till the validity of the policy. However by clearly mentioning the clauses in
Owner’s Manual and explaining the same during the delivery of new vehicle, this gap can be reduced.




                                                                                        Customers should
                                                                                         also know this



                                                                Customers are usually
                                                                 aware only of this




                                                                                                           18
A sample of a detailed warranty policy the same is appended above showing what customers are usually
                                                                                    aware of and what needs to be communicated in order to reduce the gasp while handling warranty.

                                                                                    Gap-5 (Customer Gap)
                                                                                    This is the gap which is a function of the above mentioned 4 gaps. From a customer’s point of view this
                                                                                    is the most important gap which leads to dissatisfaction. It can be taken care of by taking care of rest of
                                                                                    the gaps. This is the gap between the customer’s perception and expectation. Perceptions are usually
                                                                                    formed after or during the course of the service, while expectations are usually formed either before or
                                                                                    during the course of the service. However, every customer has a zone of tolerance which is defined as
                                                                                    the gap between the expectations of ideal service and minimum tolerable expectations.
                                                                                    This is measured through various customer feedback collection systems. The various stages of a typical
                                                                                    service process and different feedbacks collection points are depicted below:

                                                                                                                                            Customer entry



                                                                                                                                            Job-card opening                                     Customer lounge
                                                                                                                                                                                                     feedback



                                                                                                    Vehicle servicing inside                                            Customer may wait in
                                                                                                          workshop                                                  Customer Lounge or go back to
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                                                                            home/office


                                                                                                                                                                                                 Instant feedback
                                                                                                                                        Job explanation & Vehicle
                                                                                                                                                Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                                              Handing over 34 point
                                                                                                                                                                                                    feedback

                                                                                                                                              Bill payment



                                                                                                                                             Customer exit
                                                                                                                                                                                              Post Service followup,
                                                                                                                                                                                                34-point internal
                                                                                                                                                                                               feedback, 42-point
                                                                                    The broad summary of various feedbacks is:                                                                   MSIL feedback

                                                                                                                               Collected
                                                                                     S.No.   Feedback                                         Collected through      Stage of feedback collection
                                                                                                                               by

                                                                                     1       Customer lounge feedback          Dealer         Written, In-person     While customer is waiting in lounge

                                                                                     2       Instant feedback                  Dealer         Written, In-person     During the delivery of vehicle

                                                                                                                                                                     Customer advised to send after 1 week of
                                                                                     3       34-point Internal Feedback        Dealer         Written, Thru post
                                                                                                                                                                     vehicle usage




19
Verbal, Thru
 4       Post Service Follow-up    Dealer                             On 6th day after service
                                                telephone

                                   Maruti                             Sent & collected thru post after 1 month
 5       42-point MSIL feedback                 Written, Thru post
                                   Suzuki                             of service

Among the above feedbacks, except 42-point MSIL feedback, all other feedbacks are requested from
100% customers. The 42-point MSIL feedback is sent to 200 customers per workshop per quarter. As
the 34-point and 42-point feedbacks are received back by the workshop and Maruti respectively through
post, hence the feedback receipt is not 100%. 34-point feedbacks are received back from usually ~15%
customers while 42-point feedbacks receipt is ~25%. On the other hand, the other feedbacks are
received from more than 90% customers.
Customer lounge feedback is collected from the customers who wait and avail the lounge facility till the
service of their vehicle is completed.




                                                                                                                 Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
Instant feedback card is collected from customers at the time of delivery of the vehicle after showing the
customer his vehicle and after completing the necessary explanation of work and charges, but before the
payment of bill or while payment of the bill. The intention is to know the first quick impression of the
customer after completion of service in order to get an opportunity to understand and rectify the
customer dissatisfaction on-the-spot regarding few basic critical aspects.




The 34-point feedback card is given to customers at the time of delivery of the vehicle alongwith a pre-
stamped envelope. This is a comprehensive feedback and customer is requested to send the feedback
after a week of usage of vehicle i.e. after duly assessing the performance of the vehicle for a considerable
period of time.


                                                                                                                 20
The 42-point feedback card is sent by Maruti to customers after 1 month of completion of service in
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                    order to get a comprehensive direct feedback about the service provided by channel.




21
The format is appended above. This feedback form is similar to the 34-point feedback card.
Post Service followup is the only telephonic mode of collecting feedback. A call is made to all customers
on the 6th day after the completion of service. This feedback mode is used to gain candid feedback from
all customers as the other comprehensive written feedbacks cover only a small sample of customers. In
order to know the true feedback, the call is made by Customer Care Executive (CCE) instead of the
Service Advisor. The script used by CCEs is given below:




There are 2 ways to close this gap:
    1. Proactive way – This is presently done by compiling and analyzing feedbacks and taking
       actions on a monthly basis. The feedbacks are also shared with the workshop employees in
       order to sensitize them towards customers. Countermeasures are taken in order to plug the




                                                                                                            Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
       gaps permanently.
    2. Reactive way – This is presently done through various methods of service recovery.
       Depending on customers’ convenience and the nature of problem, the customer is either
       attended at workshop or at his premises.
The complaints are analyzed and corrective & preventive actions taken are recorded. The format for
analysis of negative feedback received through 42-point MSIL feedback is appended below.




                                                                                                            22
MAPPING SATISFACTION CATEGORIES
                                                                                    Satisfaction Categories
                                                                                    All activities in a workshop which a customer experiences can be segregated under 3 satisfaction
                                                                                    categories.
                                                                                        1. Monovalent Dissatisfiers – These are the hygiene factors/ must-be requirements as per
                                                                                           Kano’s model in the absence of which a customer would be dissatisfied but the presence does
                                                                                           not contribute to satisfaction.
                                                                                        2. Bivalent Satisfiers – These are the satisfiers as per Kano’s model in the presence of which a
                                                                                           customer would be satisfied while the absence would lead to dissatisfaction.
                                                                                        3. Monovalent Satisfiers – There are the delighters as per Kano’s model in the absence of
                                                                                           which a customer would not be dissatisfied but the presence will satisfy a customer i.e. have
                                                                                           positive impact on customer’s mind.
                                                                                    The different activities under the 3 satisfaction categories are shown below. At Maruti, an SQS has been
                                                                                    developed in order to set the procedures and standards for each satisfaction attribute. The SQS
                                                                                    corresponding to each attribute also mapped below.


                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-01
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-06
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-03
Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009




                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-07
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-02
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-10
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-05
                                                                                    Monovalent                                                                                 SQS-12
                                                                                    Dissatisfiers                                                                              SQS-04
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-08
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-09
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-11
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-13
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-14
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-17
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-16
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-18
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-22
                                                                                        Bivalent
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-15
                                                                                       Satisfiers                                                                              SQS-19
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-20
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-25
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-23
                                                                                    Monovalent
                                                                                                                                                                               SQS-24
                                                                                      Satisfiers


                                                                                    In the above chart, the impact has been calculated through the customer satisfaction survey done by JD
                                                                                    Power.


23
Meeting expectations
The various steps adopted to meet the expectations of customers against each attribute are given below.
Each of the attributes has also been mapped with the corresponding dimension(s) of SERVQUAL model
of service quality (RATER system).
S.No. Attribute/ expectation        Steps to meet expectations
  1    Vehicle returned clean       1. Set procedure for washing, washing sequences, manpower allocation
       (Tangible)                   2. Manpower norms – 2.5 cars per washer per day; 1 supervisor per 500
                                       cars
                                    3. Washing Final check by supervisor for all vehicles
                                    4. Keeping 2 persons in delivery area for final mopping just before
                                       delivery to the customer
  2    Explanation of work prior    1. Sufficient Service Advisors (SAs) – 7 job-cards per day per SA
       to service (Assurance,       2. Jotting down the customer’s demands on job-slip
       Empathy)                     3. Taking customer approval of work to be done by signing on job-slip
  3    Reasonable charges for          Giving ready reckoner to SAs mentioning prices of fast moving parts
       servicing (Assurance)            and labour
                                       Benchmarking labour rates and spare prices with competitors
                                       Communicating the cost estimate with detailed breakup before start
                                        of service and taking customer approval
                                       Displaying the charges prominently on Customer information Board
  4    Addressed appropriately         Soft skill behavioural training for employees especially SAs
       (Assurance, Empathy)




                                                                                                                 Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009
  5    Completed all of the work       Mentioning all customer demands on job-slip
       requested (Reliability)         Explaining during delivery all the work done
                                       Offering road test to customer to show proper completion of work
  6    Waiting area clean              Dedicated person/ attendant to ensure cleanliness
       (Tangible)                      Fixed cleaning schedule for housekeeping staff
  7    Work done right first time      Availability of proper tools and equipments
       (Reliability)                   Trained technicians
  8    Service personnel neatly        Multiple uniforms for workshop staff
       dressed (Tangible)              Regular audit by managers to ensure cleanliness
  9    Vehicle ready when              Developing & communicating standard times for each type of service
       promised (Reliability)           to workshop staff
                                       Using time cards to communicate time to all w/s staff for each vehicle
                                       Taking cushion of 30 mins for each vehicle
                                       Hourly tracking to monitor work progress
                                       Vehicle allocation to technicians based on promised times
 10    Reasonable time for             Developing & communicating standard times for each type of service
       servicing                        to workshop staff
       (Responsiveness)                Explaining customers in detail, the jobs involved and work that will
                                        be carried out in the morning
                                       Manpower norms – 3 vehicles per technician per day, 1 supervisor &



                                                                                                                 24
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station
Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station

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Service Marketing Management - Managing Customer Satisfaction at a authorized car service station

  • 1. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station Service Marketing Management – Group Project Team (EPGP): D.Gopalakrishnan (0910021) Mukesh Sharma (0910036) Sujeet Kumar (0910062) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, BANGALORE December 1, 2009
  • 2. Table of Contents OBJECTIVE ..........................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................3 LIFETIME VALUE OF A CUSTOMER .........................................................................3 FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ....................................................4 SERVICE PROCESS ................................................................................................ 5 SERVICE INITIATION ............................................................................................... 6 IN-SERVICE EXPERIENCE .......................................................................................... 7 SERVICE DELIVERY ................................................................................................ 7 POST-SERVICE EXPERIENCE ......................................................................................8 MARUTI SERVICE PROCESS....................................................................................9 MEASURING & CLOSING THE GAPS ....................................................................... 10 GAP-1 ............................................................................................................. 11 GAP-2 ............................................................................................................. 13 GAP-3 ............................................................................................................. 14 GAP-4 ............................................................................................................. 17 GAP-5 (CUSTOMER GAP) ...................................................................................... 19 MAPPING SATISFACTION CATEGORIES ................................................................. 23 SATISFACTION CATEGORIES .................................................................................... 23 MEETING EXPECTATIONS ....................................................................................... 24 CHALLENGES .................................................................................................... 26 Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 CUSTOMER ....................................................................................................... 26 COMPETITOR .................................................................................................... 26 COMPANY ........................................................................................................ 28 CONTEXT ......................................................................................................... 28 OPPORTUNITIES (WITH RECOMMENDATIONS) ............................................................. 29 TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................... 29 BUNDLING ........................................................................................................ 29 LEVERAGING EFFICIENCY ....................................................................................... 30 MOBILE SERVICE ................................................................................................. 30 SERVICE GUARANTEE ........................................................................................... 31 EXTENSIVE NETWORK .......................................................................................... 31 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 32 MEASURING THE GAPS .......................................................................................... 32 CLOSING THE GAPS .............................................................................................. 33 TACKLING CHALLENGES ........................................................................................ 34 DELIGHTERS ...................................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 39 1
  • 3. OBJECTIVE This project covers the various aspects of managing customer satisfaction at a Maruti authorized dealer workshop. Through this project we aim at understanding and analyzing the customer satisfaction management systems, presently followed by Maruti workshops, and its significance through the perspectives learnt in the subject “Service Marketing Management”. At the end of the project, we also attempt to suggest recommendations for improving the present Customer Satisfaction management systems of Maruti workshops based on our learning in the subject. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 2
  • 4. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station INTRODUCTION An automobile is a quite unique product. Unlike pure services, it has a component of the product quality which affects the overall experience of the customers and unlike pure products it has a service component which also significantly affects the overall experience of the customers. There are many products today in which there is some component of service which a customer may or may not experience but an automobile is one such product which has a component of Periodic Maintenance Service (PMS) i.e. the regular service which a customer definitely experiences during the ownership of the product. For a typical automobile, a customer visits the workshop to avail service almost 3 times per year for regular maintenance as well as intermittent repairs. A car is owned by a person for almost 4-5 years on an average. Hence, during the entire lifetime of a car, a customer experiences after-sales service almost 12-15 times while he experiences the sales just once. As the ratio of overall experience is significantly skewed towards after-sales service, hence the service satisfaction has a significant effect on the loyalty of a customer. LIFETIME VALUE OF A CUSTOMER Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 The typical lifetime value of a customer (not discounted to present value) who purchases a small car and avails service and body repair needs of his car for 5 years would be as follows: S.No. Activity Amount % Net Margin No. of Lifetime Earned spent Margin earned visits in value during (Rs.) (Rs.) lifetime (Rs.) 1 Purchase of car 3,50,000 1% 3,500 1 3,500 Sales 2 First year insurance 10,500 10% 1,050 1 1,050 Sales (~ 3% of insured value) 3 Car accessories 10,000 15% 1,500 1 1,500 Sales Total margin earned thru SALES 6,050 ~ 24% 4 Service 3,000 15% 450 15 6,750 Service 5 Body Repair 10,000 25% 2,500 2 5,000 Service 6 Annual Insurance 7,000 10% 700 4 2,800 Service renewal 7 Resale of 2nd hand 2,00,000 2.5% 5,000 1 5,000 Service car purchased from customer Total margin earned thru SERVICE 19,550 ~ 76% 3
  • 5. In the above table, the amounts assumed are an approximate conservative estimate from the Maruti Suzuki’s dealers’ data. As we can see from the above data that Service contributes to almost 75% or three-fourths of the margin earned from each customer. Hence, it becomes critical to focus on the service experience of a customer as it has a major contribution to the bottom-line of an automobile dealership. But, there are 3 important behaviors of a customer which every automobile business desires to ensure that the earnings detailed in the above table are virtually achieved in perpetuity: 1. Recommend – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will influence the “word-of-mouth” of the customer and hence have a strong effect on the business received from the friends and relatives of the customer. 2. Revisit – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will also have an effect on the repeat visit of the customer for fulfilling the repeat service needs of his vehicle. 3. Re-purchase – The satisfaction of a customer with the service experience will also affect the re-purchase behavior of the customer when he decides to replace his vehicle with a new one. Thus indirectly the service satisfaction has an effect on the entire spectrum of earnings during the lifetime of a customer. FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION For an automobile, the customer satisfaction is affected by 2 factors: Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 1. Service quality 2. Product quality Service Quality Customer Satisfaction Product Quality As per the importance study conducted by M/s. JD Power, product quality (i.e. Problems Experienced) has just ~25% effect on the customers’ satisfaction while the service quality (i.e. total of remaining factors) has almost ~75% impact. The same is depicted below in the pie chart. Thus we also see that in automobile ownership, the service quality has a higher impact on the overall customer satisfaction than the product quality. Moreover, an automobile service provider has little control on the product quality which is mainly affected/ controlled by the manufacturer. Hence, it is important and rather more relevant for a dealership to focus more on service quality rather than product quality. 4
  • 6. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Keeping the above facts in mind, our further discussions shall focus primarily on Service Quality. In order to understand how to manage customer satisfaction, we will first describe the various stages of getting a vehicle serviced. Then we shall describe the ways that can be adopted to measure the gap between the perception and expectation. In the subsequent section we will try to describe the ways in which the gaps can be closed & service quality be improved and finally we shall recommend ways in which the entire experience can be designed to excel in customer satisfaction. SERVICE PROCESS The entire service process which a customer undergoes can be broken down into 4 main stages: 1. Service Initiation 2. In-Service Experience 3. Service Delivery 4. Post-Service Experience In the following sub-section, we will try to understand what the customer evaluates during each step of the service process. This will help us in designing the entire service experience to take care of potential shortfalls. In each of the steps of interaction, we will also try to understand the hygiene factors and the activities which can delight the customer. 5
  • 7. Service Initiation This is the stage in which a customer gets his vehicle into the service. The convenience and speed with which the customer is able to get his vehicle into the service process determines the satisfaction level of the customer. Usually the customers give their vehicle in the morning before going to the office. Hence, usually time is the essence here. Customers usually feel that as the workshop staff is technically qualified hence the time spent for getting his vehicle into service is of no use. The anxiety level of the customer increases exponentially with the increase in waiting time as he has a time-bound activity planned after that (reaching office on time). The subsequent interaction of the customer is with the Service Advisor of the workshop who is a technical person. His responsibility is to understand the service needs of the customer and understand the exact problems with the vehicle so that the same can be conveyed to the supervisor and technician for necessary rectification. Hence, the Service Advisor is a vital link between the customer (who is facing the problem) and the technician (who will rectify the problem). This is usually the first link of the communication chain. As we know, the strength of the weakest link will decide the strength of the entire chain. The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are: 1. When arrived at workshop, the time taken for someone to acknowledge his presence 2. Time spent waiting to speak to the Service Advisor 3. Overall performance of the Service Advisor a. Understanding specific problems with the vehicle Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 b. Asking questions to clarify further needs c. Listening to the customer d. Behavior (Giving attention and treating with courtesy) e. Knowledge and expertise 4. Overall opinion of facility a. Convenience of location b. Cleanliness of facility c. Convenience of days and hours of workshop operation 6
  • 8. If there is a gap in understanding the customer and vehicle service requirements then it leads to a snowballing effect which will increase the magnitude of problems during the delivery of the vehicle in the evening. This is depicted pictorially above. In-Service Experience This stage is particularly applicable to the customers wait in the workshop premises while the vehicle is being serviced. This is also a critical phase of the overall customer experience as most of the times either his own vehicle or other customers’ vehicle is being seen by the customer while it is being serviced. Hence, it has a significant impact on the confidence level of the customer as while giving the vehicle for service, the customer is entrusting the care and safety of the vehicle to the workshop personnel. Time is also the essence here as a customer who is waiting for the service to be completed will generally expect the vehicle to be returned faster than a customer who has given his vehicle for serviced and gone back to his office/ home. But, whether the customer is waiting or not, he would definitely expect communication from the workshop in case the vehicle requires additional repairs which may either attract additional cost or time or both. The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are: 1. Comfort during the waiting period 2. Cleanliness of the waiting area 3. Amenities available in the waiting area like beverages, TV, magazines etc. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 4. Communication in case additional time or cost or both are required If there is a lapse in the communication while the vehicle is in service, then it can also add to the snowballing effect and lead to a bigger problem in the evening during vehicle delivery. This is also depicted in the picture shown in the previous sub-section. Service Delivery This is the stage when the customer visits the workshop or waits and collects the vehicle after the completion of service. Delivery is an important part of the entire link as it is a crucial opportunity to make it up to the customer in the event of any lapse which may have happened while accepting the vehicle. During the delivery, customer would expect the vehicle to be in a state better than when he left the vehicle for servicing. This is the stage of service when the customer evaluates the fulfillment of all promises made to him i.e. regarding time, cost and work. Here too the time is an important factor, but the customer is not in as much hurry as he is likely to be when he leaves the vehicle for servicing in the morning. But, as the customer makes payment for the services he has availed, he expects the value of service he receives to be worth what he is paying for. Though the customer would be able to realize and evaluate the quality of service completely after using the vehicle for a few days, he can very well evaluate the basic aspects of service during the delivery itself. This is the time when the customer again interacts with the Service Advisor and hence gets the opportunity to complete his assessment. The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are: 1. Acknowledgement of customer’s arrival at workshop 7
  • 9. 2. Time taken to bring the vehicle after arrival of customer 3. Promptness of having vehicle ready when promised 4. Overall performance of Service Advisor a. Honesty b. Fulfillment of commitments c. Behavior (Giving attention and treating with courtesy) d. Knowledge and expertise 5. Explanation of work done 6. Explanation of charges/ bill amount 7. Cleanliness of vehicle 8. Fairness of charges 9. Thoroughness of fulfilling requests 10. Availability of parts for service 11. Overall opinion of facility a. Convenience of location b. Cleanliness of facility c. Convenience of days and hours of workshop operation 12. Dealer taking ownership of service to assure of any problems in future Service Delivery is the last stage of service when physical interaction happens between the customer and the workshop staff. After this, a physical interaction may be required only in the event of requirement of any service recovery activity. On the other hand, if a customer experiences a lapse in service at the Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 time of delivery, then the service recovery activity may be required on-the-spot depending on the time required for the activity and time available with the customer. Post-Service Experience This is the stage of the service when customer evaluates the quality of service by using the vehicle. Here, there is no physical interaction between the customer and the workshop as the customer is all by himself. This is a critical stage as when the customer takes delivery of vehicle after completion of service he may not be able to completely evaluate the service performance. As most of the customers are not technically competent, hence they may not be able to differentiate between product problem and service problem. For few days (~ 1 month) after service, even if any problem crops up with the vehicle due to product quality, the customer may attribute it to poor quality of service performed by the workshop. On the other hand, as the customer is usually in a hurry during the delivery of the vehicle, he may not be able to thoroughly evaluate the performance of the vehicle then. Hence, it becomes critical to keep track of the customer for few days after service in order to assess the satisfaction of customer. The aspects of service which a customer would evaluate in this stage are: 1. Ability to understand and diagnose problem mentioned 2. Quality of work performed 3. Trouble free operation 4. Ease of maintenance and repair 5. Dealership’s concern for service 6. Work done right first time 8
  • 10. MARUTI SERVICE PROCESS The complete process from acceptance of vehicle to delivery in a Maruti service station is shown below: Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 9
  • 11. MEASURING & CLOSING THE GAPS Customer satisfaction is defined as the gap between the performance of workshop and the expectations of customer. The performance of workshop is the quality of service as “perceived” by the customer and expectation is the customer’s “preconceived notion” of what he will get or what he deserves. As we can see from the diagram below, even if a workshop delivers same quality to 2 different customers A & B, one of them can be dissatisfied while the other can be satisfied depending on the difference in their expectations. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Thus it is important to strive to deliver higher levels of service quality in order to be able to match or exceed the expectations of a significant majority of customers. From the “Gaps model” we know that customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction (Gap-5: gap between the expected and the perceived service) is a function of the other gaps (Gap 1 to 4) depicted in the chart below. 10
  • 12. In order to improve customer satisfaction, it is important to measure it. Thus in this section, we will understand how different gaps are measured by Maruti. Gap-1 This is the gap between the service expected by the customer and understanding of the same by the organization. This gap can exist because of insufficient communication between the service provider and the user/ service receiver. This can also happen because of lack of willingness of the management of an organization to investigate customer expectations. If there is a gap in understanding, then it can lead to wrong allocation of resources and hence wastages at the cost of customer satisfaction. In Maruti, this gap is not measured directly by the company. The company relies on the annual Customer Satisfaction Study done by M/s.JD Power. JD Power designs the customer satisfaction survey by studying the various processes in a workshop. The various processes are clubbed under various factors which serve as the common denominator for a group of processes. The factors are further broken down into attributes which a customer expects or observes or experiences during the course of service. After that sample customer study is conducted in the market to understand the importance customers have for each of the attributes. The feedback of the sample of customers is then collated to arrive at the average importance weights for each of the attributes which are further clubbed to derive the weightages for each of the factors. The summation of factors further leads to the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 11
  • 13. In order to close the gap, this study to assess the importance of various service factors to customers is done once in 5 years. The same is communicated by JD Power to all automobile companies in the country. Maruti adopts the Customer Satisfaction study on similar lines and revises its design at the same time when JD Power does. This is done in order to be able to compare the results of JD Power study results with the internal study done by Maruti. The design of JD power study in 2003, 2004, 2008 and 2009 is given below. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 12
  • 14. As we can see from the pie-charts above the design of the study (i.e. factor weightages) remained the same during 2004-2008 (i.e. 5 years). It was different in 2003 and was again modified in 2009. Gap-2 This is the gap between the service provider’s perception of user’s expectations and the service standards laid down by the company. This gap may exist because of unreasonable or unrealistic expectations or lack of experience of the persons responsible for determining and setting the standards. Maruti has developed Service Quality Standards (SQS) over the years in order to convert the understanding of customer’s expectations to implementable processes. It is difficult to measure this gap as it is difficult to directly quantify the defined processes. However, it is possible to gauge the effectiveness of the processes and standards defined. In Maruti, this gap is closed by continuously modifying the service standards based on internal customer satisfaction surveys and external satisfaction surveys like that conducted by M/s.JD Power. Depending on the feedback of customers and the importance they attach with the different aspects of service, standards are developed by a department within the service Division dedicated for this purpose. The standards and operating procedures are usually developed through either brainstorming or by transferring best practices of workshops who would have already implemented some system with success to live-up to the particular expectations of customers. The system thus decided are documented in the SQS manual and communicated to workshops throughout the country for uniform implementation. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 SQS-2008 SQS No. Service Standard 1 Vehicle returned clean 2 Completed all of the work requested 3 Reasonable charges for servicing 4 Vehicle delivery at promised delivery time 5 Work done right first time 6 Explanation of work prior to service 7 Addressed appropriately 8 Reasonable time for servicing 9 Informed when the vehicle would be ready 10 Waiting area clean 11 Explanantion of work after service completed 12 Service personnel neatly dressed 13 Informed when service was completed 14 Reasonable wait at the service centre 15 Repair order provided before service 16 Informed when to schedule next visit 17 Sevice charges explained 18 Post service follow - up by workshop personnel 19 Workshop open on weekends 20 Workshop open during late hours 21 Informed vehicle settings changed SQS-2003 22 Notified for service by workshop personnel SQS No. Service Standard 23 Transportation provided 1 Vehicle Ready at Promised Time 24 Free loaner car provided 2 Reasonable Time for Servicing 25 Estimate provided before service 3 Washing Quality of Vehicles 26 Dealing with IQS cards and owners manual feedback cards 4 Dealership Values your Business 27 Home visit by service advisor 5 Reasonable Charges for Servicing 28 Steering committee meetings at dealer workshops 6 Reasonable wait at the Service Centre 29 Focus customer meet 7 Procedure for Post Service Follow-up by Workshop Personnel 30 Analysis and closure of CSI cards 8 Procedure for Service Reminder by Workshop Personnel 31 Scrutinizing of CSI cards 9 Importance of Value Added Services to the Customers 32 Spare parts availabiltiy at workshop 10 Standard Operating Procedure for Final Inspection 33 Free pick up and drop for lady customers 11 Standard Operating Procedure for Road Test 34 One page follow-up by workshop personnel 12 Standard Operating Procedure for CSI Cards 35 Road test 13 Handling of IQS Cards and Owner’s manual Feedback Cards 36 Final inspection 14 Procedure for OMR Follow-up Workshop Personnel 37 Greeting customers on birthday and anniversary 15 Procedure for handling Repeat Jobs 13
  • 15. As we can see from the tables above, there were 15 Service Quality Standards (SQS) in 2003. Over the years, based on customer’s evolving preferences and feedbacks, new SQS were developed and in 2008 there were 37 SQS i.e. 22 new standards were developed over a period of 5 years. Thus it is important to continuously evolve new standards and modify existing standards to keep up with the changing expectations of customers. In each standard, few measures of performance haven been identified and benchmarks have been set for all quantifiable aspects. The performance benchmarks as are given in the table below. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Service Performance Benchmarks These are the measurable aspects of the Service quality standards which are least expected from a workshop. These standards are communicated and monitored for the entire workshop to quantify the performance and target improvements. Based on customer feedbacks, the performance benchmarks also undergo revision from time to time. Gap-3 This is the gap between the service standards and the actual service delivery. This gap is all about the implementation. The best of the systems may have been developed but because of human factor, it leads to heterogeneity and hence this gap may arise. In Maruti, this gap is measured by conducting SQS audits (once in a quarter) at workshops. These audits usually last 2 full days as it requires a thorough audit of workshop systems. Based on the criticality of a 14
  • 16. system, each parameter is attributed a weight and eventually a score out of 100 is calculated for each workshop. In an SQS audit there are 2 components – Enablers and Results. Enablers are the audit points which for systems while Results are the data incorporated from different sources of customer feedback. The sample SQS audit form is shown below. The exhibit below shows the portion of the audit for SQS- 01: Vehicle returned clean. Similar audit is done for all the remaining standards. (S.Q.S.-01) - Vehicle returned clean Check points for SQS Status Scored %Marks Sl.No. Verification documents/activities Remarks Full mark Scored marks Full mark marks scored implementation OK / NG Is dedicated washing supervisor(s) Check washing supervisor(s) availabilty in 1 available in the workshop? the workshop. OK 5 4 Is the washing supervisor's control Check washing supervisor's control 2 register available and entries made till register for entries as per SQS-03/F1 format. NG one stage only 10 4 date? Whether the GM/WM audit is being Check GM / Works manager's 6 audit check Washing audit to be ENABLERS 3 carried out on daily basis as per the lists for entries. NG done by GM/WM 5 2 prescribed checklist? Is washing quality display board Check washing quality display board for 4 available and entries updated? updation on audit day. OK 5 4 Check the final washing process after final Is the final washing being done after final 6 inspection? inspection as per flow chart on the audit NG one stage washing only 5 2 day. Is manpower in washing area available Check total washing manpower and 7 as per norms and assigned specific jobs assignment for each washing job (refer to NG Avg. 4.5 vehicles/person 10 4 as per washing process? SQS). 55 28 50% Is the washing check list displayed in the Check display of check list in the washing 8 washing area? Distribution of work in area. Whether distribution of work is NG 5 washing area. being followed and displayed. Check internal CSI feedback card of last 9 3 month card on the parameter 94% 12 RESULTS Give % of satisfaction from all sources. Diff Check 42 Point A* feedback of last 3 of psf calibration with R.O. should be 10 month card on the parameter deducted while taking % psf satisfaction of 76% 27 CCE.(e.g. R.O. psf is 78% and dealer psf is 10 7.7 Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 83%, % of satisfaction on the parameter is 11 Face to Face on the parameter 80% , we should take (83-78) 5% les 76% 27 PSF STATUS (A* customer) on the 12 parameter 75% The sample summary sheet of SQS audit as arrived after conducting the complete audit is shown below: Dealer Service Quality System Report Name of Dealer Date of Audit 17.02.09 ~18.02.09 AMBAL AUTO Name of Auditor P.K. Jain Approved by Dealer Side Participants Director MACE Mr. Sivakumar K Mr. Mahendran - CCM Mr. Lawrence - Sr. Mgr. Issued by Counselor MACE Final Score 70% Standard Operating Procedures Enablers(%) Results(%) (1) Vehicle Returned Clean 71% 77% (2) Completed all of the work requested 25% 79% (3) Reasonable Charge for Servicing 50% 78% (4) Vehicle Ready when promised 75% 78% (5) Work done right first time 100% 79% (6) Explanation of Work prior to service 100% 79% (7) Addressed Appropriately 100% 82% (8) Reasonable time for Servicing 0% 79% (9) Informed when vehicle would be ready 0% 96% (10) Waiting area clean 97% 81% (11) Explanation of work after service completed 100% 80% (12) Service Personnel neatly dressed 70% 100% 15
  • 17. In order to close this gap, a workshop focuses on providing necessary resources (manpower, technology etc.) and the softer aspects of hiring, retaining, developing and motivating manpower to get the best adherence to systems. The steps to close gap-3 are depicted in the chart below: For a customer-oriented delivery: 1. Hire the right people 2. Develop people to deliver quality service 3. Provide needed support systems 4. Retain the best people To take care of hiring the right people, there are basic qualifications laid down for hiring manpower in Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 workshops for eg. a Service Advisor should either be DAE or ITI with min. 5 years experience; Technician should be min. ITI, Works Manager should be BE with min.3 years experience or DAE with min. 7 years experience. The measures to train the hired manpower are also laid down by Maruti. There are multiple layers of technical trainings and specific soft skill trainings depending on the role. For eg. Technician should be min. Basic and Advance trained, Service Advisor should be min. Basic, Advance and SA training completed. Similarly Works Manager should have attended WM training apart from basic & Advance training. However, the empowerment and team work depends on the workshop management culture. The support systems are also provided through SQS and periodic audits. The technology and equipment is also specified by Maruti for eg. there should be 1 computer and printer set for opening and closing job-cards for every 10 working bays. The practices to focus on manpower retention are however dependent totally on the workshop management and are not much specified by Maruti except that the systems of incentives are suggestive. In order make the workshop focus on the different aspects of the above-mentioned HR strategies, the norms have been laid out in the Balanced Scorecard and an annual audit is performed to evaluate all workshops. The workshops are then given incentives based on their overall performance in the audit. This serves as an incentive for workshops to implement the systems and procedures suggested by Maruti. The Balanced scorecard rates the dealership on a scale of 1000 points of which Service resources and performance are evaluated on 355 points. Within this, Customer Satisfaction Index has a weightage of 150 points i.e. more than 40% weightage. 16
  • 18. Gap-4 This gap exists because of the difference between actual service delivery and the external communications and promises made by the service provider. Elevated claims or promises become the standard for setting expectations and the standard against which they will be judged. Failure to deliver can result from inaccurate marketing communications, lack of or poor coordination between marketing and delivery personnel, and over promising. The external communications also lead to development of customers’ expectations and perceptions. In Maruti, this is captured through the different sources of customer feedbacks. Currently workshops make explicit promises to customers in terms of quality of work, cost and time. In other areas, presently there are not many explicit service guarantees made to customers except for the warranty support from manufacturers. This gap can be closed by: 1. training and familiarizing manpower on the delivery capability of the service systems 2. under-promising to customers to lower their expectations 3. educating customers to reduce the gap due to erroneous interpretations Train & familiarize employees Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Reduce Gap-4 Under Educated promise to customers customers In order to train and familiarize manpower with the systems and the delivery capability, Maruti conducts training on SQS standards, Service Advisor procedures etc. and workshops conduct training to familiarize manpower with the operating procedures particular to the dealership. To under-promise customers, the Service Advisors and Marketing executives are imparted the necessary training to keep cushion when promising customers. For example, Service Times have been communicated to all dealers for the time taken for various services (with some cushion). A sample is given below: 17
  • 19. Customer education in Maruti is done through personal interactions like Customer Education Meets, explanation before and after completion of work, and elaborate written material like Customer Information Boards (used to convey the labour rate, spares cost and workshop details), warranty terms and conditions. A Sample of the board is shown below: Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Usually the communication gaps creeps up in warranty. Customers assume that all repairs are covered under the warranty clause till the validity of the policy. However by clearly mentioning the clauses in Owner’s Manual and explaining the same during the delivery of new vehicle, this gap can be reduced. Customers should also know this Customers are usually aware only of this 18
  • 20. A sample of a detailed warranty policy the same is appended above showing what customers are usually aware of and what needs to be communicated in order to reduce the gasp while handling warranty. Gap-5 (Customer Gap) This is the gap which is a function of the above mentioned 4 gaps. From a customer’s point of view this is the most important gap which leads to dissatisfaction. It can be taken care of by taking care of rest of the gaps. This is the gap between the customer’s perception and expectation. Perceptions are usually formed after or during the course of the service, while expectations are usually formed either before or during the course of the service. However, every customer has a zone of tolerance which is defined as the gap between the expectations of ideal service and minimum tolerable expectations. This is measured through various customer feedback collection systems. The various stages of a typical service process and different feedbacks collection points are depicted below: Customer entry Job-card opening Customer lounge feedback Vehicle servicing inside Customer may wait in workshop Customer Lounge or go back to Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 home/office Instant feedback Job explanation & Vehicle Delivery Handing over 34 point feedback Bill payment Customer exit Post Service followup, 34-point internal feedback, 42-point The broad summary of various feedbacks is: MSIL feedback Collected S.No. Feedback Collected through Stage of feedback collection by 1 Customer lounge feedback Dealer Written, In-person While customer is waiting in lounge 2 Instant feedback Dealer Written, In-person During the delivery of vehicle Customer advised to send after 1 week of 3 34-point Internal Feedback Dealer Written, Thru post vehicle usage 19
  • 21. Verbal, Thru 4 Post Service Follow-up Dealer On 6th day after service telephone Maruti Sent & collected thru post after 1 month 5 42-point MSIL feedback Written, Thru post Suzuki of service Among the above feedbacks, except 42-point MSIL feedback, all other feedbacks are requested from 100% customers. The 42-point MSIL feedback is sent to 200 customers per workshop per quarter. As the 34-point and 42-point feedbacks are received back by the workshop and Maruti respectively through post, hence the feedback receipt is not 100%. 34-point feedbacks are received back from usually ~15% customers while 42-point feedbacks receipt is ~25%. On the other hand, the other feedbacks are received from more than 90% customers. Customer lounge feedback is collected from the customers who wait and avail the lounge facility till the service of their vehicle is completed. Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 Instant feedback card is collected from customers at the time of delivery of the vehicle after showing the customer his vehicle and after completing the necessary explanation of work and charges, but before the payment of bill or while payment of the bill. The intention is to know the first quick impression of the customer after completion of service in order to get an opportunity to understand and rectify the customer dissatisfaction on-the-spot regarding few basic critical aspects. The 34-point feedback card is given to customers at the time of delivery of the vehicle alongwith a pre- stamped envelope. This is a comprehensive feedback and customer is requested to send the feedback after a week of usage of vehicle i.e. after duly assessing the performance of the vehicle for a considerable period of time. 20
  • 22. The 42-point feedback card is sent by Maruti to customers after 1 month of completion of service in Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 order to get a comprehensive direct feedback about the service provided by channel. 21
  • 23. The format is appended above. This feedback form is similar to the 34-point feedback card. Post Service followup is the only telephonic mode of collecting feedback. A call is made to all customers on the 6th day after the completion of service. This feedback mode is used to gain candid feedback from all customers as the other comprehensive written feedbacks cover only a small sample of customers. In order to know the true feedback, the call is made by Customer Care Executive (CCE) instead of the Service Advisor. The script used by CCEs is given below: There are 2 ways to close this gap: 1. Proactive way – This is presently done by compiling and analyzing feedbacks and taking actions on a monthly basis. The feedbacks are also shared with the workshop employees in order to sensitize them towards customers. Countermeasures are taken in order to plug the Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 gaps permanently. 2. Reactive way – This is presently done through various methods of service recovery. Depending on customers’ convenience and the nature of problem, the customer is either attended at workshop or at his premises. The complaints are analyzed and corrective & preventive actions taken are recorded. The format for analysis of negative feedback received through 42-point MSIL feedback is appended below. 22
  • 24. MAPPING SATISFACTION CATEGORIES Satisfaction Categories All activities in a workshop which a customer experiences can be segregated under 3 satisfaction categories. 1. Monovalent Dissatisfiers – These are the hygiene factors/ must-be requirements as per Kano’s model in the absence of which a customer would be dissatisfied but the presence does not contribute to satisfaction. 2. Bivalent Satisfiers – These are the satisfiers as per Kano’s model in the presence of which a customer would be satisfied while the absence would lead to dissatisfaction. 3. Monovalent Satisfiers – There are the delighters as per Kano’s model in the absence of which a customer would not be dissatisfied but the presence will satisfy a customer i.e. have positive impact on customer’s mind. The different activities under the 3 satisfaction categories are shown below. At Maruti, an SQS has been developed in order to set the procedures and standards for each satisfaction attribute. The SQS corresponding to each attribute also mapped below. SQS-01 SQS-06 SQS-03 Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 SQS-07 SQS-02 SQS-10 SQS-05 Monovalent SQS-12 Dissatisfiers SQS-04 SQS-08 SQS-09 SQS-11 SQS-13 SQS-14 SQS-17 SQS-16 SQS-18 SQS-22 Bivalent SQS-15 Satisfiers SQS-19 SQS-20 SQS-25 SQS-23 Monovalent SQS-24 Satisfiers In the above chart, the impact has been calculated through the customer satisfaction survey done by JD Power. 23
  • 25. Meeting expectations The various steps adopted to meet the expectations of customers against each attribute are given below. Each of the attributes has also been mapped with the corresponding dimension(s) of SERVQUAL model of service quality (RATER system). S.No. Attribute/ expectation Steps to meet expectations 1 Vehicle returned clean 1. Set procedure for washing, washing sequences, manpower allocation (Tangible) 2. Manpower norms – 2.5 cars per washer per day; 1 supervisor per 500 cars 3. Washing Final check by supervisor for all vehicles 4. Keeping 2 persons in delivery area for final mopping just before delivery to the customer 2 Explanation of work prior 1. Sufficient Service Advisors (SAs) – 7 job-cards per day per SA to service (Assurance, 2. Jotting down the customer’s demands on job-slip Empathy) 3. Taking customer approval of work to be done by signing on job-slip 3 Reasonable charges for  Giving ready reckoner to SAs mentioning prices of fast moving parts servicing (Assurance) and labour  Benchmarking labour rates and spare prices with competitors  Communicating the cost estimate with detailed breakup before start of service and taking customer approval  Displaying the charges prominently on Customer information Board 4 Addressed appropriately  Soft skill behavioural training for employees especially SAs (Assurance, Empathy) Managing Customer Satisfaction at a Maruti authorized service station | 12/1/2009 5 Completed all of the work  Mentioning all customer demands on job-slip requested (Reliability)  Explaining during delivery all the work done  Offering road test to customer to show proper completion of work 6 Waiting area clean  Dedicated person/ attendant to ensure cleanliness (Tangible)  Fixed cleaning schedule for housekeeping staff 7 Work done right first time  Availability of proper tools and equipments (Reliability)  Trained technicians 8 Service personnel neatly  Multiple uniforms for workshop staff dressed (Tangible)  Regular audit by managers to ensure cleanliness 9 Vehicle ready when  Developing & communicating standard times for each type of service promised (Reliability) to workshop staff  Using time cards to communicate time to all w/s staff for each vehicle  Taking cushion of 30 mins for each vehicle  Hourly tracking to monitor work progress  Vehicle allocation to technicians based on promised times 10 Reasonable time for  Developing & communicating standard times for each type of service servicing to workshop staff (Responsiveness)  Explaining customers in detail, the jobs involved and work that will be carried out in the morning  Manpower norms – 3 vehicles per technician per day, 1 supervisor & 24