The document discusses several learning theories including transformative learning theory, brain-based learning, multiple intelligences theory, and multimedia learning. It also covers cognitive theories such as Gestalt psychology, multi-stored memory theory, meaningful learning, and cognitive structuralism. Key aspects of cognitive theories in the classroom are described, including meaningful learning, dual coding, schema theory, and phases of learning. Cognitive theories grew out of Gestalt psychology and are based on the assumptions that memory is an active organizer of information and prior knowledge influences learning.

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2. OUTLINES
• Learning theories
• Definition
• Transformative learning
• A brain-based learning
• Multiple intelligence
• Multimedia learning
• Other learning theories
• Learning style theory
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3. • Cognitive theories
 Definition
 Gestalt psychology
 Multi-stored theory
 Meaningful learning
 Cognitive structuralism
 Cognitive theories in classroom
OUTLINES
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4. I AM AQSA RASHEED
ROLL NO. 2012-627
Asslamu Alaikum !!!
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5. Learning Theories
• Definition :
• learning theories are conceptual
framework that describes how
information is
absorbed, processed, and retained
during learning.
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6. Transformative Learning Theory
• Transformative learning is the cognitive
process of effective changes in a frame of
reference.
• A frame of reference defines our view of
the word.
• Our frame of reference is composed of two
dimensions, habits of mind and point of
view.
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7. A brain-based learning
• Learning is the process by which neurons
join by developing the synapses between
them.
• Different types of intelligence result from
different combination of well developed
functional areas.
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8. Multiple Learning
• Howard Gardener suggests that different kinds
of intelligent exists in human beings.
• It is the theory that has been fashionable in
continuous professional development CPD
training course for teachers.
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9. Multimedia Learning
• Multimedia learning used of visual and auditory
teaching materials that may include video
computer and other information technology.
• The auditory channel deals with information
that are heard and the visual channel process
information that are seen.
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10. Other Learning Theories
• Endragogical is the art and science to help adults
learning.
• Connectivism is a recent theory of networked
learning which focuses on learning as making
connections.
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11. Learning Style Theory
• Learning styles theory proposes that individual
learns in different ways.
• There are four learning styles
– 1 Feelings 2. Watching
– 3. Thinking 4. Doing
• The knowledge of learner by getting from above styles
will lead to faster and more satisfactory improvement.
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12. Saba Amin
Roll No. 2012-626
Islamic Education
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13. Cognitive theories
• Cognitive theories grew out of
Gestalt psychology , developed in
Germany in the early 1900s and
brought to America in the 1920s.
• Two key assumptions underline
this cognitive approach:
 The memory system is an active
organized processor of information
and that prior knowledge plays an
important role in learning.
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14. Cognitive theories
• The basic concept of learning is the main
viewpoint in the cognitive learning theory(CLT)
• This theory can be divided into two specific
theories:
• The social cognitive theory (SCT)
• The cognitive behavioural theory(CBT)
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15. Gestalt psychology
the word gestalt in German literally means
“shape” or “figure”.
Gestalt is a perspective focus on the belief
that human consciousness can not be broken
down into its elements.
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16.  This approach to the psychology was founded on
the concept of gestalt
 Gestalt's performed many researches on
human perception and learning .
 Later on they proposed the principals or
law for perceptual organization.
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17. Multi-stored memory
• Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) worked
on this. It is also known as Multi-
stored memory.
• One of the major issue in cognitive
psychology is the study of memory.
• Human memory involves three stages.
• Sensory memory
• Short-term memory
• Long-term memory
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18. • Transudation of Energy
• It is short memory
• It is less than ½ second for vision
and about 3 seconds for hearing.
• For example : We see and hear many
things everyday and a few things remain
in our memory. We forget them in very
short time.
Sensory memory
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19. • It is called working memory.
• It is also known as conscious memory.
• It lasts around 15 to 20 seconds.
• For Example :
• Chunking
• Chunk means piece of a thing
• We group small bits of information
into meaningful unit.
Short-term memory
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20. Ghazala Muhammad Ali
Roll No. 2012-612
Islamic Education
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21. • It lasts from minutes to lifetime.
• It is divided into three subtypes of
procedural, semantic and Episodic memory.
• Procedural memory : It is memory for the
performance of particular types of action.
• Semantic memory: refers to the memory of
meanings, understandings, and other
concept-based knowledge, and underlies the
conscious recollection of factual information
and general knowledge about the world.
long-term memory
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22. Long-Term Memory
• Episodic memory:
» is
the memory of autobiographical events
(times, places, associated emotions, an
d other contextual knowledge) that can
be explicitly stated. It is the collection
of past personal experiences that
occurred at a particular time and
place.
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24. • Cognitive structuralism was founded by
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• According to Hinson : “For teachers to
promote more effective learning the teach
needs to link new information to familiar in
information selectively in as learner.
Cognitive structuralism
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25. Meaningful Learning
 Meaningful learning is opposed to rote
learning.
 Meaningful learning refers to a learning way
where the new knowledge is related with
previous knowledge.
 Rote learning is where you memorize
something without full understanding you
don’t know how new information relates to
your other stored knowledge.
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26. Cognitive Theories in the Classroom
• The steps taken are discussed below :
 Meaningful learning: Teacher need to promote
more effective learning, the teacher need to link to
familiar information.
 Dual coding learning: It suggests that we
remember better with VISUAL LEARNING and
VERBAL LEARNING.
 Schema theory: this theory suggested that our prior
knowledge can facilitate or enhance transfer of
learning.
 Phase of learning: to translate the information
processing model into an instructional model called
phase of learning.
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