GS1 standards and Blockchain Technology for Traceability in Agriculture and Seafood Industries

GS1 standards and Blockchain Technology for Traceability
in Agriculture and Seafood Industries
“Identify, Capture, Share, Use, and Imagine”
Daeyoung Kim
October 31, 2019
Professor, School of Computing, KAIST
Director, Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
• kimd@kaist.ac.kr, http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr, http://autoidlabs.org, http://gs1.org
Food and Drug Traceability Initiatives in
China/Japan/Korea

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 2
3. If agriculture is to continue to
feed the world, it needs to become
more like manufacturing, says
Geoffrey Carr.
1. Produce
more food
to feed a
growing
population
with a
smaller
rural labor
force
2. 안전한 먹거리 보장
Data driven Farming
The 4th Industrial Revolution
2. Achieve
food safety
for public
health

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5
Journey from Seed to Table
Global Food EcoSystem
(More Food, Safety, Data-driven)

UN Global Compact
GS1 GLN for Farms
Collect Data from Farms
Worldwide
Solve starvation, Food Safety
The Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP) is a multi-
stakeholder platform established in December 2011. The
SRP is co-convened by UN Environment and
the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to promote
resource efficiency and sustainability in trade flows,
production and consumption operations, and supply
chains in the global rice sector.
GS1 GLN for Farms

Slide 7
GS1, The Global Language of Business
GS1 is the non-profit organization which
• Provides the common foundation (standards) for business by uniquely identifying, accurately capturing, and
automatically sharing vital information about products, locations, and assets
• Enables visibility through the exchange of authentic data
• Empowers business to grow and to improve efficiency, safety, security, and sustainability, Using
• Consists of 114 Member Organizations and 170 countries, and more than 2 millions companies and organizations
• In 1999, the Internet of Things term is coined by Kevin Ashton of Auto-ID Labs

Slide 8
GS1 Company Prefix for Identifying Companies
and Organizations
• Globally unique GS1 company prefixes are allocated to each company
and organization
• GS1 Company Prefix = GS1 Prefix + Company No
• With GS1 Company Prefix, companies and organizations could use
various GS1 Keys such as GTIN, GRAI, GIAI, GLN, GSRN, etc
GS1 ID Key
Company Prefix
X X (X)* X X X (X)* X X X X X (X)*
GS1 Prefix
Assigned by Global
GS1 Office
* length: 2-3
Company No.
Assigned by GS1 MO
* length: variable
Reference No.
Class level number for
Internet objects,
products, people,
places, and services
* length: variableX X X X X X X X X (X)*
Serial / Extension No.
Instance level number for Internet objects,
products, people, places, and services
* length: variable
• A GTIN is a unique number that identifies any pre-defined trade item

Slide 9
GS1 ID Types and Usage Scenario
(Agriculture Industries)
Product Code (GTIN, 8809045540005) Assets for Rent (GRAI) Assets (GIAI)
Smart farms, retail stores (GLN) Certificates (GDTI)Customers and Employees (GSRN)

Slide 10
Parts and Components (CPID)
Books and Manuals(ISBN)
Coupons (GCN)
Shippings (GSIN) Consignments (GINC)
Pallets and Boxes(GRAI, SSCC)
GS1 ID Types and Usage Scenario
(Agriculture Industries)

Slide 11https://www.gs1.org/how-gdsn-works
- The Global Data Synchronisation Network (GDSN) enables
trading partners to globally share trusted product data.
This automatic and efficient exchange helps in meeting the
demand of today's data-hungry consumers. (31 Data Pools)
• GDSN, GS1 Source, GS1 Registry Platform(Cloud)
GS1 GDSN / Global Registry Attributes

Slide 12
EPC Information Service (EPCIS)
• EPCIS is GS1 Interface and System for
sharing data generated from every day object

Slide 13
Key additions in EPCIS 2.0 (will be released in 2020)
REST API BindingSensor Data Extension
Party Certification JSON-LD

Slide 14
Factory
Track and Trace Products
Traceability

Slide 15
GTS (Global Traceability Standards) 2.0
GTS 2.0 Key Components
GTS 2.0 : (~ Sep. 2017)
EPCIS Cross Sector : (Mar. 2018 ~ )
Discovery Service : (2019 ~ )
GTS add-on: (2019 ~ )
1
2
3
4

Slide 16
GS1 Blockchains Model (On-chain/off-chain)

Slide 17
GS1 based commercial Blockchain
platforms

Slide 18
GS1 Services Provisioning
GS1 Digital Link GS1 ONS 2.0 (Object Name Service)
GS1 Scanner Applications (Android,
ios)
link.oliot.kr
(GS1 Digital Link + GS1 ONS)
Digital Link encoded in QR, Data
Matrix, etc.
GS1 codes encoded in QR code, Barcode,
Datamatrix, RFID, Bluetooth Beacon,
WiFi AP, Video, and etc.
Digital Link to ONS hub encoded in QR,
Data Matrix, etc.
Provide services from multiple
organizations
ONS Application ONS Client
ONS Peer Roots
Federated ONS Infrastructure
(2)
(4)
(6) (7)GS1 ID keys
AUS FQDN
FQDN Query
NAPTR Records
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
Local caching
nameserver
(5)
AUS
(4)
Service list
Service Server
(9)
(8)
Server for
Service Type
http://link.oliot.kr/414/880002
6920137?linkType=ons

Slide 19
GS1 ONS & Digital Link Connectors
• Service Registration, Discovery, and Access through Connectors.
‐ Auto-ID Labs, KAIST provides Bluetooth Beacon, WiFi AP, Image, RFID, Video, and etc.
ONS Application ONS Client(2)
AUS FQDN
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
(5)
(4)
Service list
(8)
Serve
Service
ONS Application(2)
GS1 ID keys FQD
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
A
Serv
(9)
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000137)
0x1A3185D442C90x02 0x01 0x1a
AD
Len
AD
Type
LE General
Discoverable
0x14
AD Flags
(3 bytes)
0xFF 0xabcd 0x0001
AD
Len
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Manufacturer specific data
(20 bytes)
0x1A3185D442C70x1F43
GS1Beacon structure 1
(8 bytes)
GS1Beacon structure 2
(8 bytes)
00...000x02 0x0A
AD
Len
0x00
AD Tx power
(3 bytes)
AD
Type
AD
Type
Tx power
0 dB
GS1 company
prefix (temperal)
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Remains
(5 bytes)
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000135)
Smart City Resources
Energy Water Transportation Public Welfare Education Environment
Service Points
Barcodes Digital Link Data matrix BLE Beacon WiFi AP
Mapping with GS1 ID (GTIN, GLN, GRAI, GIAI, GSRN)
ONS Client
Smart City PlatformsONS Server
ONS Peer
Roots
Local ONS
Camera Bluetooth
RFID
RFID/NFC WiFi
ONS
App.
GS1 ID
Extract
AUS
Conversion
Country
Language
ONS
Client
ONS
Qeury
FQDN
Conversion
ONSCloud
ONS Query
NAPTR
Records
Service View
ONS QueryNAPTR Records
Service Access
URLServiceServiceService Information
Service Detail
Service Page
Service Manager
Record
Manager
Service Type
Manager
Access
Control
BusInfo.SystemSupplyChainSmartCampus
...
...
RegisterService
DataCenterDataCenterDataCenter
DataAnalysisDataAnalysisDataAnalysis
DataCollection
Food
Service
Traceabi
lity
Station
Service
Line
Service
Shuttle
Service
Library
Service
ServiceType ID
ServiceType ID
ServiceType
XML
ServiceType ID
Domain
Domain
Domain
NAPTR Record
NAPTR Record
NAPTR Record
Mapping
Video

Slide 20
BlockONS: Blockchain based ONS
The BlockONS focus on Security, Transparency of ONS service records considering
Scalability and Strong fault tolerance for sustainable ONS service.

Slide 21
• Oliot Open Source Project
GS1 EPCglobal Standards Implementation
• GS1 Source
• Pedigree
• Traceability & Recall
• ONS
• DS
• EPCIS
• F&C
• IoT connectivity Layer, etc.
Oliot Open Source Project (KAIST)
Apache License

Slide 22
6 Continents, 103 countries, 1116 Cities
11651 Organizations/Companies/Individuals since 2017
2019.09.19.
June 25, 2014 (Oliot 1.0)
2016 (Oliot 1.2)
2Q, 2020 expected (Oliot
2.0/EPCIS 2.0, CBV2.0, etc.))

Slide 23
GS1 Food Service Project in Korea
• Development of agro-livestock cloud and application service for balanced
production, transparent distribution and safe consumption based on GS1
• From Mar. 2015 – Feb. 2018
• Adoption of GS1 Standards,
CBV, EPCIS, ONS, GS1 Source as
Korean National Standards
+1200
Farms
Logistics
center
Factory
Customer
Market
Restaurant
School
Internet Mall
Wanju Local Foods
Cooperative Federation

Slide 25
Wanju Local Food Co-op Community

Slide 27
Korean TTA
adopts GS1 standards
협동조합을 위한
가축 이력 사설 인증 방법
(TTAK.KO-10.0938)
-> GS1 Pedigree
환경 모니터링 센서정보의
표준 스키마 및 이벤트 구조
(TTAK.KO-10.0939)
-> GS1 EPCIS for sensor
농축산물 식품 메타데이터 모델링
(TTAK.KO-10.0940)
-> GS1 SOURCE
농축산물 서비스 탐색 구조
TTAK.KO-10.0942
-> GS1 ONS
EPCIS 기반 농축산물
이력 관리 시스템 구축 지침서
-> GTS, EPCIS for Traceability
농축산물 GS1 표준 바코드의
레이블 출력 지침서
-> GS1 Barcode
농식품 유통 오픈 데이터를
위한 핵심 비즈니스 지침서
-> GS1 CBV
스마트축사 센서데이터에
대한 EPCIS 이벤트 스키마설계 지침서
-> EPCIS for Smart Farm Data
2016 2017

Slide 28
Join Internet of Food
and Farm (IoF2020)
2017-2020
Wanju Local Food
Traceability System
Food Safety & Global Traceability Testbed Establishment with
Auto-ID Labs, Fudan in China
Reached agreement, Interoperability Test in 2017
GTIN
(02) 880 0123 454312
GTIN
(02) 690 0152 116568
FQDN
0.1.3.4.5.4.3.2.1.0.0.8.8.
FQDN
0.6.5.6.1.1.2.5.1.0.0.9.6.
AUS
ko | kr | gtin |
AUS
ko | kr | gtin |
Sustainable Development
With Collaborations

FARM MACHINE
INTEROPERABILITY
PRECISION CROP
MANAGEMENT
WITHIN-FIELD
MANAGEMENT ZONING
SOYA PROTEIN
MANAEMENT
CHAIN INTEGRATED
GREEN HOUSE
PRODUCTION
ENHANCED QUALITY
CERTIFICATION SYSTEM
CITY FARMING
FOR LEAFY VEGETABLES
ADDED-VALUE WEEDING
DATA
AUTOMATED OLIVE
CHAIN

BIG WINE
OPTIMIZATION
FRESH TABLE GRAPES
CHAIN
INTELLIGENT FRUIT
LOGISTICS
GRAZING COW
MONITOR – HAPPY COW
REMOTE MILK
QUALITY
MEAT TRASNPARENCY AND
TRACEABILITY
PIG FARM MANAGEMENT POULTRY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT

Slide 32
Sematic Interoperability of EPCIS and FIWARE:
The case of transparency in meat supply chains
Data sharing cooperation with The Institute for Agricultural
and Fisheries Research(ILVO)
Together with Wageningen, GS1 German, EU EECC, KAIST
Who comes to the drinking
system, when, how long
Flow meter: measures how
much water consumed
HFRFIDantenna
HF RFID antenna
Who comes to the feeder, when, how
long: Not how much feed intake
SGTIN
Animal #A
SGTIN
Animal #B
SGTIN
Animal #C
SGTIN
Animal #D
SGLN
PEN #A
SGTIN
Animal #A
SGTIN
Animal #B
SGTIN
Animal #C
SGTIN
Animal #D
SGLN
PEN #B
BARN #A
SGLN
SGLN
PEN #A
SGLN
PEN #B
BARN #A
SGLN
LGTIN
Group #A of
a number of
Animals
LGTIN
Group #B of
a number of
Animals
GLN
Farmer #A

Slide 33
Sematic Interoperability of EPCIS and FIWARE:
The case of transparency in meat supply chains
Farm
farmId
address
name
ownerCom
pany
hasFarmId
Building
Is-made-by
pen
has
Pig
contains
Slaughterhouse
buildingId
name
hasBuildingId
farmId
temperature
Slaughtered-in
name
address
slaughterhouseId
SlaughteredPig
Slaughtered
penId
lastUpdate
buildingId
temperature
humidity
luminosity
waterFlow
foodFlow
pigID
penId
serialNumber
lastUpdate
weight
totalConsumedWater
totalConsumedFood
slaughterhouseId
lastUpdate
serialNumber
lastSlaughteredPig
hasPigId
hasPenId
hasLast
Update
hasWeight
hasTotalConsu
medWater
hasTotalConsu
medFood
hasPenId
hasLastUpdate
hasBuildingId
hasTemprature
hasHumidity
hasLuminosity
hasWat
erFlow
hasFoodFlow
Fig:- Pork Farming Ontology Model: is use
d to fully represent information captured in a specific do
main. It can be used to provide snapshot interface for rea
l time data access.
Fig:- Pork Event Flow
Model: In order to fully detect
and capture all the necessary
events, general event flow model
needs to be designed which simpl
ifies event processing and
management. It provides data
with business context .
Fig:- Semantic Interoperability
: data coming from ontology based IoT
platforms (FIWARE) are integrated
with other event based capturing
platforms to generate full general event
flow. This harmonizes events-based
data transparency coming from multiple
IoT platforms.
Birth ADD Animal
Sloughter Death
Insemination Adoption Pen-Up Growth Vet
Shipping
Receiving
Alive
Dead
Alive
Slaughter
Dead or euthanasia

Slide 35
The GDST’s main goal:
Applied voluntary industry standards

Challenges Facing the Seafood Industry
OVERFISHING: Seafood species are being caught faster than they can be
replenished in fisheries around the world.
SEAFOOD FRAUD: When seafood does arrive to market, there are
questions about whether what is sold or served is the same as reported.
SLAVERY: Human trafficking and slavery at sea have now been recognized
as severe and ongoing problems in some major fisheries.
ILLEGAL FISHING: 1,000s of fishers ignore the fishery rules they are
subject to or choose to operate outside of the law entirely.

The Solution:
Governance, Accountability, Supply Chain
Management (and Risk Reduction) based
on access to reliable information

Slide 38
WWF-IFT Collaboration History
• 2013 – WEF Global Agenda Council on Oceans
--> traceability identified as a key to sustainable management of oceans, WEF-GAC calls for
industry-driven, global framework for seafood traceability
• 2015 – Expert Panel on Legal and Traceable Wild Fish Products
--> WWF, GFTC, Metro, others issue public call for industry-driven architecture for interoperab
le seafood traceability
• 2015 – Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation funds WWF & GFTC
--> start of work to launch the Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability
• 2016 – 2020 (and beyond) -- GDST Organized, Up and Running
--> organizing & facilitating GDST, providing key technical inputs

Slide 39
Global Dialogue

Sustainable Supply Chain Initiative (CGF-GSSI) – active coordination with CGF
secretariat and leading companies
“Tuna Alliance” (UK and EU retailers) for implementation of the WEF Tuna
Declaration
GS1 – GDST invited to join GS1 Mission Specific Working Group on EPCIS & CBV,
and participated in “Industry and Standards” conference (Dublin, Sept 2018)
MSC/ASC – GDST invited into MSC Product Provenance Project, ASC part of
technical expert team of the farmed Task Group.
SALT - multi-stakeholder forum to facilitate knowledge sharing and cooperation
FAO – GDST participating in FAO-lead traceability workshops in Shanghai and
Morocco.
SeaBOS – publicly endorsed GDST in CEO statement, Tokyo, in Sept 2018.
GDST is in active liaison with other
relevant industry initiatives

GS1US
GS1 Ireland
GS1 Denmark
IFFO RS, Ltd.
SCS Global Services
SGS
Saltwater Inc.
Beijer Institute of Ecological Econo
mics
Food Marketing Research and Info
Ctr
Massachusetts Institute of Technol
ogy
Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
Fiwshell Consulting
GR Japan K.K.
Horwitz & Co LLC
MRAG Ltd.
Ocean Outcomes
Flen Consulting
Springboard Partners
Standard / Certifications (7)
Consulting firms (7)
Research Institutes (6)
Governmental entities (8)
Japan Fisheries Research and Educ
ation Agency
NOAA
CCAMLR
USAID Oceans
FAO
Australian Fisheries Management A
uthority
CTI-CFF
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishe
ries of Indonesia
DAG Membership (99)
1967
ABALOBI
Aglive
Ashored Innovations
Catch Technology Limited
Earthtwine
Fisherman App
Food LogiQ
fTrace
Legit Fish
Odaku Online Services Private
Limited
Origin Trail
Plenumsoft Marina
Project Provenance
Bluesensus
Suzhou Joann Co., Ltd
SafeTraces
China Blue Sustainability Institute
Fair Trade USA
Fairagora
FishChoice
FishWise
Green Catch Global
Index Initiative
International Justice Foundation
ISSF
MSC
MDPI
Monterey Bay Aquarium
Oceana
Oceana Canada
Pew Trusts
SALT
SmartFish Rescate de Valor, AC
Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership
UNIDO SMART-Fish Indonesia Programm
e
Global Seafood Assurances
SeaPact
Foodlog
International Pole & Line Foundation
iRaishrimp S.L.
World Ocean Observatory
NSF International
Authentication Solution Providers’ Associa
tion
NGOs (30) Tech vendors (37)
Trace Register
Tuna Solutions
Vericatch
Seafood Commons
Assent Compliance
DeltaTrak
IdentiGEN
CCIC JIANGSU TRACEABILITY
TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CO.,LT
D
Zest Labs
Avery Dennison
OpenSC
Ocean Executive
Resiliensea Group
SmartCatch
ThisFish
Foods Connected Ltd
Authentication Solution
Providers’ Association
Primority Ltd
Streamr AG
Akuun Consulting Mexico
*AsofSept.11,2019
Fluree DB
Ripe.io
Atato Co., Ltd.
Request Network
Blockchain (4)

WG 1
(KDEs)
Aquaculture Task Gro
up
Asia-Pacific
Working Groups
Europe
Working Groups
WG 2
(Interoperable
data exchange)
WG 3
(Regulations)
N. Amer.
Working Groups
Social KDEs Task Gro
up
formal GDST outputs
Structure of the Dialogue

Global Aquaculture
Summit
(Zhuhai, May 2019)
GS1 Connect
(Denver, June
2019)
SeaWeb
Summit
(Bangkok, June
2019)
NASF Annual Conf
(Bergen, March 2019)
GS1
Standards
(Dublin, Sept.
2018)
IFT Annual Conf
(New Orleans, June
2019)
Seafood Expo Global
(Brussels, May 2019)
Seafood Expo
North America
(Boston, March 2019)
London
Bali
Milan
Dusseldorf
Tokyo
Seoul
Grimbsy
Hong Kong
Austin
= Expos & Conferences
= Bilateral Company Visits
GDST on the ground around the world
(showing just the past 9 months)
SALT + SAFET +
Hackathon
(Bangkok, February 2019)
FAO Int’l Seminar on
Seafood Traceability
(Shanghai, Nov. 2018)

Slide 46
Key Data Element (KDE) Alignment
• Defining WHAT data is
needed in WHICH formats
• Task groups divided across
three areas
• Delivering a Basic Universal
List of KDEs for seafood
• Akin to Core Business
Vocabulary (CBV) with EPCIS
Wild-Caught
Aquaculture (Farmed)
Social / Labor

Slide 47
Pilots to date
• 3 initial pilots across
geographies, product types
and harvest methods
• Expanding into new
geographies, species and
product types
• Confirming applicability of
the standard / preparing
members for implementation
Canned / Wild-Caught Tuna:
Thailand to USA
Frozen / Farmed Shrimp:
Hatchery to Processor
Fresh / Farmed Salmon:
Hatchery to Hong Kong
Export

Slide 48
Pilot Locations
Pilot participant
location

Pilot Methodology
COLLECT HISTORICAL DATA: Using Excel templates, pilot participants
communicate historical Key Data Elements (KDEs) of supply chain flow
GDST TEAM CONVERTS TO EPCIS/XML: GDST Secretariat converts the
KDEs / CTEs into XML files in EPCIS formatting
EXTERNAL TESTING: Share test file(s) with existing EPCIS platform of
GDST member retailers for external validation of results
VALIDATE EPCIS: Utilize Visibility Data Workbench to test the XML files
conformity to the EPCIS standard and run test queries
PROCESS FLOW MAP: Graphically describe the critical tracking events
(CTEs) of the seafood supply chain flow

Example Process Flow: Canned Tuna
Port
Canner
Customer 1
Vessel
Loin
Processor
Canner
Customer 2
Customer 3
Customer 4
Customer 5
Customer 6

Example Event Flow: Canned Tuna
V3
First Sale
V3
Pack into
Cases
With GS1-128
V1
Catch
Loin
Processor
Canner
Vessel
Owner
V4
Aggregate
Cases
Onto Pallets
With SSCC
V5
Ship Pallets
(Send ASN)
Retailer
Restauran
t
V7
Unpack Pallets
V8
Produce Cases of
Canned Tuna
V9
Pack Cases onto
Pallets
V10
Ship Pallets
(Send ASN)
V11
Receive Pallets
At DC
(& ASN)
V12
Unpack Cases
from Pallets
V13
Receive Cases
at Stores
V14 Sell Retail
Labeled
Products
V15 Dispose of
Retail Labeled
Products
V16
Receive Pallets
At DC
(& ASN)
V17 Unpack
Cases from
Pallets
V18 Receive
Cases at Stores
V19 Consume
Products
V20 Dispose of
Products
V6
Receive Pallets
V2
Unload
V4
Process Into
Loins

Create EPCIS Event XML File Manually
and Share to Pilot Retailer (via email)

Example Retail Product Barcode
GTIN-14: 1 0048000 63267 5
EPC: urn:epc:class:lgtin:0048000.163267. 8KD1DS64N
This barcode is scanned at production & packing onto pallet.
GTIN-12 (UPC): 0 48000 63267 8
GTIN-14: 0 0048000 63267 8
This barcode is scanned at retail Point of Sale
Product is put in a case for shipment (see below)
Example Case Label with a GS1-128
Human Readable Can Code: 8KD1DS64N

Slide 54
Asks to GS1 Member Organizations
• Share about this work with your MO CEO, leadership team & colleague(s) responsible
for traceability initiatives
• Help us to identify the person within your MO who would best serve as a primary
contact with you
• To learn more
• See us after the meeting
• Please also share our contact information with the best person at your MO so we can continue
to keep you updated. Nathan Droesch Nathan.Droesch@wwf.de
• Join the Dialogue Advisory Group https://traceability-dialogue.org
• Other potential collaboration opportunities
• Are you currently working on a local seafood industry traceability initiative? Let’s discuss further!
• Invitation for GS1 MO staff to participate in GDST pilots
• Share with us local opportunities for MO-hosted seafood and traceability events
• Do you have members who would be interested in the GDST?

Slide 55
Global Dialogue Trackathon
https://traceability-dialogue.org/gdst-news-2/gdst-seafood-traceability-hackathon-2/?fbclid=IwAR3hE9UOjX1PRictBwY-LtsNk8W-Pdp-
lrvWZKy5id75aouk9rBXtjt3IoE

Nate, Thomas, Neil, and Susan allowed me to share the GDST slides for the seminar. Thank you.

GS1 standards and Blockchain Technology for Traceability in Agriculture and Seafood Industries

GS1 standards and Blockchain Technology for Traceability in Agriculture and Seafood Industries

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