linguistics

1. DEFINING CRITERION
OF LANGUAGE
Second group :
1.Elya Eka Septiani 113411019
2.Irma Nur Khasanah 113411021
3.Laila Fathiyyah 113411022
4,Nita Kurniati 113411009
5.Nurul Hidayah 113411035
6.Maria Ulfah 113411005

2. Language as human
criterion
Man is a social being, who always needs company in his
life. It can hardly be imagined that he should live all
alone by himself without anyone to acompany him.
In order to facilitate their efforts to provide themselves
with the necessities of life, human beings have to
cooperate with one another, which can only be carried
out in a community.
It is for the purpose of this cooperation that members of
a social group needs a means of communication, which
is called ‘language’. With language man can express his
ideas and wishes to other people such as when he
needs their help.

3. The three elements mentioned
above, namely human
beings, community, and language
very closely related and not easily
divisible.
Thus, language is considered as
a criterion which is used to
identified human beings.

4. The question arises whether the
means of communication used by
animals can also be called a
language as used by human being?

5. Both of human beings and animals
produce the sounds to convey a
message.
The differents :
1. the message imparted by animals
is limited to their biological needs.
2. human communicate not only about
things connected with his biological
needs, but also about any other thing
which he may deem necessary.

6. Characteristics of Human
Language
The defining characteristics of human
language can be easily deduced from the
following definition made by an American
linguist, John B. Carrol, in his book entitled
‘The Study of Language’ (1953) :
Language is an arbitrary system of
speech sounds or sequences of speech
sounds which is used or can be used in
interpersonal communication by an
aggregation of human being, and which
rather exhaustively catalogs
things, processes, and events in the
human environment.

7. From the definition of language
quoted above one can draw
some basic characteristics of
human language, among others
that language is
systematic, arbitrary, spoken,
social and complete.

8. 1) It is systematic ; this
means that it implies orderly
arrangement of the signaling
units used by language and
organized according to patterns.
2) Language is said to be
‘arbitrary’ which means that it
is based on social agreement

9. 3) Language is always spoken. This
means that people always have a way of
communicating ideas by manipulating
sounds that are produced by their vocal
organs.
4) Language is said to be
social, because it is only used in social
group which involves at least two persons, the
speaker and the hearer. Language is a special
characteristics of human or it can also be
regarded as a human criterion because
only human being speak a language.

10. 5) Language is said to be
complete, not like animal’s
means of communication. The
use of human language is not
limited to biological needs. It is
more complete in that it can
always be used to communicate
about the culture of its native
speakers.

11. Thank you !