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P U B L I C R O O F T O P
R E V O L U T I O N
P U T T I N G T H E S O L A R S H I N E O N C I T Y B U I L D I N G S
John Farrell
Director of Democratic Energy
June 9, 2015
3 G O A L S
Find muni solar…
3 G O A L S
Celebrate success
3 G O A L S
Break barriers
P O L L : H O W M A N Y B R O W S E R TA B S A R E
O P E N O N Y O U R C O M P U T E R ?
• 1 - just this
• 2-4 - email, news site, and this
• 5-10 - doing a little research while I listen
• 11+ - I can hear you talking, but I can’t find the slides
H U G E S O L A R
P O T E N T I A L
Residential and Commercial roofs
L O C A L S O L A R P O T E N T I A L
50% or more
25 to 50%
10 to 25%
25-50%
50%+
15-25%
P O T E N T I A L P E R C E N T
O F P O W E R F R O M
L O C A L R O O F T O P
S O L A R
8500
590
750
30,000
16,000
7200
11,000
1800
990
3600
12,000
780
7000
8200
5100
11,000
1900
26,000
2400
7300
5100
360
2600
1100
1200
800
1400
4800
1800
32,000
5000
580
970
2300
4100
4400
2900
7200
6800
2800
7100
11,000
11,000
550010,000
12,000
20
1140
700
4000
Percent of Sales
1-5%
5-10%
10% or moreSource: http://www.ilsr.org/commercial-roofop-revolution/
*No incentives
D I S T R I B U T E D S O L A R P O T E N T I A L AT
PA R I T Y * B Y 2 0 2 2
(Megawatts,
residential & commercial)
26,000
4400
12,000
Percent of Sales
1-5%
5-10%
10% or moreSource: http://www.ilsr.org/commercial-roofop-revolution/
*No incentives
20 MW
9,977 MW
397 MW
D I S T R I B U T E D S O L A R P O T E N T I A L AT
PA R I T Y * B Y 2 0 2 2
(Megawatts,
residential & commercial)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
$0.00
$2.50
$5.00
$7.50
$10.00
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Weighted Avg. Cost ($/W)
Cumulative Capacity (MW)
SOLAR INSTALLS DRIVE RAPID PRICE DECLINE
C I T Y S O L A R P O T E N T I A L
“Instead of looking at
solar as a frivolous
amenity, look at it as an
investment”
Robert Hinson, Renewable Energy
Coordinator with the City of Raleigh, NC
Listen to the full podcast: http://www.ilsr.org/duking-it-out-over-municipal-solar-in-raleigh/
P O L L : H O W
M U C H S O L A R O N
K A N S A S C I T Y
R O O F T O P S ?
• 2 MW
• 25 MW
• 70 MW
• 200 MW
Kansas City, MO
70 MW
Source: Mid-America
Regional Council
Currently: 1.5 MW
Source: Tom Anderson and
City of Minneapolis
Minneapolis, MN
18 MW
KANSAS CITY SOLAR OPPORTUNITY
70
megawatts
electricity bill savings
$8.7 million
1,400 jobs
economic impact
$175 million
B R E A K I N G
B A R R I E R S
P O L L : W H AT ’ S T H E B I G G E S T B A R R I E R
T O M U N I C I PA L S O L A R ?
• COST/FINANCING
• SHADE, STRUCTURAL LIMITS
• BUREAUCRACY
• STATE RULES, E.G. NET METERING
B R E A K I N G
B A R R I E R S
C O S T
Costperkilowatt-hour
0¢
5¢
10¢
15¢
20¢
Solar purchase method
Self-financed Lease, opt. 1 Lease, opt. 2 PPA* Private sector
P E R V E R S E TA X P O L I C Y M A K E S
M U N I C I PA L S O L A R C O S T M O R E
Incentives
do not
apply to
tax-exempt
cities
Depreciation
only
Tax credit only
Tax credit
and
depreciation
Transaction
costs
Tax credit
and
depreciation
Transaction
costs
Transaction
costs
15.5¢
14.1¢ 13.7¢
12.3¢
11.2¢
Federal tax credit = 30% off
Depreciation = ~24% off
*PPA not legal in 25 states
Cost per kilowatt-hour
-$100,000
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
Raleigh Lancaster New Bedford
Self-Financed
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)
Leased
LIFETIME VALUE OF SOLAR PROJECT TO CITY
(30 YEARS)
T H E T R U M P C A R D ?
Credit: Gage Skidmore via Flickr
3 R D PA R T Y T R U M P C A R D
COST PHYSICAL AESTHETIC EXPERTISE
BUREAU-
CRACY
POLICY
P O L L : H O W M A N Y S TAT E S A L L O W
P O W E R P U R C H A S E A G R E E M E N T S ?
• 5
• 14
• 25
• 36
• All of them
Allows 3rd parties
DC
S TAT E S U P P O R T F O R
S O L A R T H I R D PA R T Y O W N E R S H I P
Source: DSIRE & ILSR, Apr. 2015 Ban or no official policy
via power purchase agreements
5 G I G A WAT T S O F M U N I C I PA L S O L A R !
B R E A K I N G
B A R R I E R S
P O L I C Y
N E T M E T E R I N G
Can offset energy use with
a solar array connected to
the same meter
A G G R E G AT E N E T M E T E R I N G
Source: Aggregate Net Metering: Opportunities
for Local Governments (North Carolina Solar Center, 2013)
Available*
Not available to any sector
No net metering policy
*For some electric customers
N/A for local
governments
Allowing electric customers to offset energy
use at all meters/buildings with solar at any
meter/building
V I R T U A L N E T M E T E R I N G
Virtual Net Metering Eligibility
California Multi-tenant properties, local governments
Colorado IOU customers; solar gardens
Connecticut Municipal customers only
Illinois Utility choice to offer
Maine All customers
Maryland
Allowed for agricultural customers, non-profit
organizations, and municipal governments or their
affiliates
Massachusetts All customers
Minnesota Community solar; Xcel Energy only
New Hampshire All customers
Rhode Island Local and state governments
Vermont All customers
Allowing electric customers to offset energy
use at all meters/buildings with solar
anywhere nearby
B R E A K I N G
B A R R I E R S
O T H E R
P H Y S I C A L
Credit: Wally Gobetz via Flickr
Shading
20%
Structural
limitations
20%
Source: Rooftop Photovoltaics Market
Penetration Scenarios (NREL, 2008)
410 MW potential
2 MW installed
New York City
Muni Solar
Shading
20%
Structural
limitations
20%
There’s a lot more in here
A E S T H E T I C /
H I S T O R I C
Credit: MCAD Library via Flickr
“[At least two major
national solar installers]
do not believe that solar
guidelines for historic
districts are too onerous
for installers.”
Source: Solar Panels and Historic
Preservation. (National Trust for Historic
Preservation, undated)
T E C H N I C A L / L E G A L E X P E R T I S E
Credit: Janet Lindenmuth via Flickr
E X P E R T I S E / L E G A L
We saw how much it cost to buy it
from SolarCity and we saw how
much we were paying for it from
SCE…if it’s lower to buy it from
this guy…then buy it from this guy.
Jason Caudle, Deputy City Manager with
the City of Lancaster, CA
Listen to the full podcast: http://bit.ly/ILSR-Lancaster-podcast
B U R E A U C R A C Y
Credit: net_efekt via Flickr
Credit: Ian Anderson via Flickr
S P I L L O V E R B E N E F I T S
C O P Y C AT
Credit: miconian via Flickr
http://bit.ly/VoteSolarContagious
Solar on municipal
buildings leads to
more solar
installed in the
community
E X P E R I E N C E
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
$0.00
$2.50
$5.00
$7.50
$10.00
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Weighted Avg. Cost ($/W)
Cumulative Capacity (MW)
Solar on municipal
buildings gives
installers and city
staff expertise to
drive down costs
L O C A L R U L E S
Denver
Solar permitting fee = $50 Online permitting
Minimal wait time
Kansas City
Experience with
municipal solar
helps cities lower
barriers to solar
S TAT E R U L E S
Lawsuit over municipal
solar led to
legalization of power
purchase agreements
for entire state
Dubuque, IA
S U M M A RY
5 G I G A WAT T S O F M U N I C I PA L S O L A R !
T H A N K Y O U !
21%
http://www.ilsr.org/public-rooftop-revolution/
@johnffarrell
www.ilsr.org
“It was a story
more of financing
than it was a story
of engineering or
construction”
Jason Caudle, Deputy City
Manager with the City of
Lancaster, CA

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Public Rooftop Revolution: Putting the Solar Shine on City Buildings

  • 1. P U B L I C R O O F T O P R E V O L U T I O N P U T T I N G T H E S O L A R S H I N E O N C I T Y B U I L D I N G S John Farrell Director of Democratic Energy June 9, 2015
  • 2. 3 G O A L S Find muni solar…
  • 3. 3 G O A L S Celebrate success
  • 4. 3 G O A L S Break barriers
  • 5. P O L L : H O W M A N Y B R O W S E R TA B S A R E O P E N O N Y O U R C O M P U T E R ? • 1 - just this • 2-4 - email, news site, and this • 5-10 - doing a little research while I listen • 11+ - I can hear you talking, but I can’t find the slides
  • 6. H U G E S O L A R P O T E N T I A L
  • 7. Residential and Commercial roofs L O C A L S O L A R P O T E N T I A L 50% or more 25 to 50% 10 to 25% 25-50% 50%+ 15-25% P O T E N T I A L P E R C E N T O F P O W E R F R O M L O C A L R O O F T O P S O L A R
  • 8. 8500 590 750 30,000 16,000 7200 11,000 1800 990 3600 12,000 780 7000 8200 5100 11,000 1900 26,000 2400 7300 5100 360 2600 1100 1200 800 1400 4800 1800 32,000 5000 580 970 2300 4100 4400 2900 7200 6800 2800 7100 11,000 11,000 550010,000 12,000 20 1140 700 4000 Percent of Sales 1-5% 5-10% 10% or moreSource: http://www.ilsr.org/commercial-roofop-revolution/ *No incentives D I S T R I B U T E D S O L A R P O T E N T I A L AT PA R I T Y * B Y 2 0 2 2 (Megawatts, residential & commercial)
  • 9. 26,000 4400 12,000 Percent of Sales 1-5% 5-10% 10% or moreSource: http://www.ilsr.org/commercial-roofop-revolution/ *No incentives 20 MW 9,977 MW 397 MW D I S T R I B U T E D S O L A R P O T E N T I A L AT PA R I T Y * B Y 2 0 2 2 (Megawatts, residential & commercial)
  • 10. 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 $0.00 $2.50 $5.00 $7.50 $10.00 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Weighted Avg. Cost ($/W) Cumulative Capacity (MW) SOLAR INSTALLS DRIVE RAPID PRICE DECLINE
  • 11. C I T Y S O L A R P O T E N T I A L
  • 12. “Instead of looking at solar as a frivolous amenity, look at it as an investment” Robert Hinson, Renewable Energy Coordinator with the City of Raleigh, NC Listen to the full podcast: http://www.ilsr.org/duking-it-out-over-municipal-solar-in-raleigh/
  • 13. P O L L : H O W M U C H S O L A R O N K A N S A S C I T Y R O O F T O P S ? • 2 MW • 25 MW • 70 MW • 200 MW
  • 14. Kansas City, MO 70 MW Source: Mid-America Regional Council Currently: 1.5 MW
  • 15. Source: Tom Anderson and City of Minneapolis Minneapolis, MN 18 MW
  • 16. KANSAS CITY SOLAR OPPORTUNITY 70 megawatts electricity bill savings $8.7 million 1,400 jobs economic impact $175 million
  • 17. B R E A K I N G B A R R I E R S
  • 18. P O L L : W H AT ’ S T H E B I G G E S T B A R R I E R T O M U N I C I PA L S O L A R ? • COST/FINANCING • SHADE, STRUCTURAL LIMITS • BUREAUCRACY • STATE RULES, E.G. NET METERING
  • 19. B R E A K I N G B A R R I E R S C O S T
  • 20. Costperkilowatt-hour 0¢ 5¢ 10¢ 15¢ 20¢ Solar purchase method Self-financed Lease, opt. 1 Lease, opt. 2 PPA* Private sector P E R V E R S E TA X P O L I C Y M A K E S M U N I C I PA L S O L A R C O S T M O R E Incentives do not apply to tax-exempt cities Depreciation only Tax credit only Tax credit and depreciation Transaction costs Tax credit and depreciation Transaction costs Transaction costs 15.5¢ 14.1¢ 13.7¢ 12.3¢ 11.2¢ Federal tax credit = 30% off Depreciation = ~24% off *PPA not legal in 25 states Cost per kilowatt-hour
  • 21. -$100,000 $0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000 $900,000 Raleigh Lancaster New Bedford Self-Financed Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Leased LIFETIME VALUE OF SOLAR PROJECT TO CITY (30 YEARS)
  • 22. T H E T R U M P C A R D ? Credit: Gage Skidmore via Flickr
  • 23. 3 R D PA R T Y T R U M P C A R D COST PHYSICAL AESTHETIC EXPERTISE BUREAU- CRACY POLICY
  • 24. P O L L : H O W M A N Y S TAT E S A L L O W P O W E R P U R C H A S E A G R E E M E N T S ? • 5 • 14 • 25 • 36 • All of them
  • 25. Allows 3rd parties DC S TAT E S U P P O R T F O R S O L A R T H I R D PA R T Y O W N E R S H I P Source: DSIRE & ILSR, Apr. 2015 Ban or no official policy via power purchase agreements
  • 26. 5 G I G A WAT T S O F M U N I C I PA L S O L A R !
  • 27. B R E A K I N G B A R R I E R S P O L I C Y
  • 28. N E T M E T E R I N G Can offset energy use with a solar array connected to the same meter
  • 29. A G G R E G AT E N E T M E T E R I N G Source: Aggregate Net Metering: Opportunities for Local Governments (North Carolina Solar Center, 2013) Available* Not available to any sector No net metering policy *For some electric customers N/A for local governments Allowing electric customers to offset energy use at all meters/buildings with solar at any meter/building
  • 30. V I R T U A L N E T M E T E R I N G Virtual Net Metering Eligibility California Multi-tenant properties, local governments Colorado IOU customers; solar gardens Connecticut Municipal customers only Illinois Utility choice to offer Maine All customers Maryland Allowed for agricultural customers, non-profit organizations, and municipal governments or their affiliates Massachusetts All customers Minnesota Community solar; Xcel Energy only New Hampshire All customers Rhode Island Local and state governments Vermont All customers Allowing electric customers to offset energy use at all meters/buildings with solar anywhere nearby
  • 31. B R E A K I N G B A R R I E R S O T H E R
  • 32. P H Y S I C A L Credit: Wally Gobetz via Flickr Shading 20% Structural limitations 20% Source: Rooftop Photovoltaics Market Penetration Scenarios (NREL, 2008)
  • 33. 410 MW potential 2 MW installed New York City Muni Solar Shading 20% Structural limitations 20% There’s a lot more in here
  • 34. A E S T H E T I C / H I S T O R I C Credit: MCAD Library via Flickr “[At least two major national solar installers] do not believe that solar guidelines for historic districts are too onerous for installers.” Source: Solar Panels and Historic Preservation. (National Trust for Historic Preservation, undated)
  • 35. T E C H N I C A L / L E G A L E X P E R T I S E Credit: Janet Lindenmuth via Flickr
  • 36. E X P E R T I S E / L E G A L We saw how much it cost to buy it from SolarCity and we saw how much we were paying for it from SCE…if it’s lower to buy it from this guy…then buy it from this guy. Jason Caudle, Deputy City Manager with the City of Lancaster, CA Listen to the full podcast: http://bit.ly/ILSR-Lancaster-podcast
  • 37. B U R E A U C R A C Y Credit: net_efekt via Flickr
  • 38. Credit: Ian Anderson via Flickr S P I L L O V E R B E N E F I T S
  • 39. C O P Y C AT Credit: miconian via Flickr http://bit.ly/VoteSolarContagious Solar on municipal buildings leads to more solar installed in the community
  • 40. E X P E R I E N C E 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 $0.00 $2.50 $5.00 $7.50 $10.00 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Weighted Avg. Cost ($/W) Cumulative Capacity (MW) Solar on municipal buildings gives installers and city staff expertise to drive down costs
  • 41. L O C A L R U L E S Denver Solar permitting fee = $50 Online permitting Minimal wait time Kansas City Experience with municipal solar helps cities lower barriers to solar
  • 42. S TAT E R U L E S Lawsuit over municipal solar led to legalization of power purchase agreements for entire state Dubuque, IA
  • 43. S U M M A RY 5 G I G A WAT T S O F M U N I C I PA L S O L A R !
  • 44. T H A N K Y O U ! 21% http://www.ilsr.org/public-rooftop-revolution/ @johnffarrell www.ilsr.org “It was a story more of financing than it was a story of engineering or construction” Jason Caudle, Deputy City Manager with the City of Lancaster, CA