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Botany fruits
Fruit
• The structure known as a "fruit" is
found only in the members of the
Angiosperms.
• A fruit developed solely from the ovary
and its contents is known as a true fruit.
• Its function is to protect the seeds as
they develop and help in their dispersal.
Botany fruits
pericarp
Botany fruits
• The following is a common classification of
fruit types:
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Simple Fruits
• develops from a single ovary containing one
or more carpels
• Fruits formed from 1 pistil.
• They may be either true or accessory fruits
• a simple fruit is either
1. fleshy fruits
2. dry fruits
1. Fleshy Fruits
• A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and
fleshy as it matures.
Types of Fleshy Fruits
A. Drupe
B. Berry
C. Pome
• A one-seeded simple fruit developed from a
superior ovary
• the innermost portion of the wall (endocarp)
becomes hard and stony,
• the outermost part (exocarp) becomes a
relatively thin skin,
• the middle portion between the skin and the
stone (mesocarp) becomes either fleshy or
fibrous. (cherry)
A. Drupe
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
• If a fruit is fleshy and it has a hard stony pit
containing a seed it is classified as a drupe.
• Drupes are covered by a thin skin derived from the
outer tissue layer of the ovary.
• The soft fleshy tissue below the skin is derived from
the middle layer of the ovary and the hard stony pit
is derived from the inner tissue layer of the ovary.
• Cracking the pit open reveals a single seed formed
from an ovule contained within the ovary of the
flower.
• Coconuts have fibrous walls instead of the fleshy
walls found in most drupes.
B. The Berry
• A fruit formed from a compound ovary with
few to many seeds. The entire pericarp is
fleshy. (Ex. grape, banana, gooseberry, kiwi)
Two special types of berry-like fruits may be
singled out for special consideration.
Two special types of berries:
b.1. hesperidium
b.2. pepo
Common berries
Botany fruits
Pepo
• Berry with a relatively hard rind (watermelon,
gourds, squash).
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Hesperidium
• This is a special type
of berry in which a
leathery rind forms
containing oil and
locules filled with
fleshy outgrowths
containing juice
• the interior of the
fruit divided by
septa, indicating the
number of carpels.
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
C. Pome
• a pome (after the French name for an apple: pomme)
• An accessory fleshy fruit formed by a group of carpels
more or less firmly united with each other and
surrounded by and united to the floral tube or
receptacle. (apple, pear, mountain ash).
• consists of tissue derived from the ovary and from the
perianth.
• For this reason it is often called an accessory fruit
• A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more
carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous
layer.
• The endocarp around the seeds is papery and leathery
Botany fruits
2. Dry Fruits
A. Dehiscent
i. Legume
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
ii. Follicle
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
iii. Capsule
Botany fruits
Cotton
Types of
capsules
A. Loculicidal -
one which
splits along
the outer
median line.
(lilies).
Viola
Yucca fruit.
Datura
B. Poricidal
capsule
- one which
opens with
round holes.
(poppies)
Papaver
C. Denticidal capsule
- In a denticidal capsule,
small teeth at the top
of the fruit split open
to release the seeds,
as in this corn cockle
(Agrostemma
githago).
D. Septicidal
capsule
- one which splits
along the septa
and opens at top
Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia),
E. Silique - a special long slender capsule of 2
carpels.
F. Silicle - a special short broad capsule of 2
carpels.
Botany fruits
G. Pyxis = a capsule which has circumscissle
dehiscence. (plantain)
Indehiscent fruits
• Dry fruits which do not open when mature to
shed their seeds.
• Many of this group are one seeded fruits.
Types of Indehiscent Fruits:
a. Achene d. grain
b. Nut e. Schizocarp
c. Samara
Strawberry (Fragaria sp.)Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Seed without wings and with thin fruit wall. One
seed attached to ovary wall at one point.
A. Achene
Hepatica
Botany fruits
Anemone
B. Nut
• A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit similar to
an achene but with the wall greatly thickened
and hardened.
• (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel; walnut and
hickory - note: because of extrafloral bracts, or
"husk", the latter two fruits are sometimes
called "drupes").
bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa).
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
C. Samara
• A one- or two-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in
which part of the fruit wall grows out into a
wing. (elm, maple, ash).
• an achene with a wing for wind dispersal
Narra
Botany fruits
Botany fruits
D. Grain or Caryopsis
• one seed which has the seed coat fused to the
pericarp
Botany fruits
E. Schizocarp = from a compound pistil, splits
into mericarps (pieces) which enclose one or
more seeds and resemble fruits themselves.

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Botany fruits

  • 2. Fruit • The structure known as a "fruit" is found only in the members of the Angiosperms. • A fruit developed solely from the ovary and its contents is known as a true fruit. • Its function is to protect the seeds as they develop and help in their dispersal.
  • 6. • The following is a common classification of fruit types:
  • 11. Simple Fruits • develops from a single ovary containing one or more carpels • Fruits formed from 1 pistil. • They may be either true or accessory fruits • a simple fruit is either 1. fleshy fruits 2. dry fruits
  • 12. 1. Fleshy Fruits • A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and fleshy as it matures. Types of Fleshy Fruits A. Drupe B. Berry C. Pome
  • 13. • A one-seeded simple fruit developed from a superior ovary • the innermost portion of the wall (endocarp) becomes hard and stony, • the outermost part (exocarp) becomes a relatively thin skin, • the middle portion between the skin and the stone (mesocarp) becomes either fleshy or fibrous. (cherry) A. Drupe
  • 17. • If a fruit is fleshy and it has a hard stony pit containing a seed it is classified as a drupe. • Drupes are covered by a thin skin derived from the outer tissue layer of the ovary. • The soft fleshy tissue below the skin is derived from the middle layer of the ovary and the hard stony pit is derived from the inner tissue layer of the ovary. • Cracking the pit open reveals a single seed formed from an ovule contained within the ovary of the flower. • Coconuts have fibrous walls instead of the fleshy walls found in most drupes.
  • 18. B. The Berry • A fruit formed from a compound ovary with few to many seeds. The entire pericarp is fleshy. (Ex. grape, banana, gooseberry, kiwi) Two special types of berry-like fruits may be singled out for special consideration. Two special types of berries: b.1. hesperidium b.2. pepo
  • 21. Pepo • Berry with a relatively hard rind (watermelon, gourds, squash).
  • 24. Hesperidium • This is a special type of berry in which a leathery rind forms containing oil and locules filled with fleshy outgrowths containing juice • the interior of the fruit divided by septa, indicating the number of carpels.
  • 27. C. Pome • a pome (after the French name for an apple: pomme) • An accessory fleshy fruit formed by a group of carpels more or less firmly united with each other and surrounded by and united to the floral tube or receptacle. (apple, pear, mountain ash). • consists of tissue derived from the ovary and from the perianth. • For this reason it is often called an accessory fruit • A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer. • The endocarp around the seeds is papery and leathery
  • 43. Types of capsules A. Loculicidal - one which splits along the outer median line. (lilies). Viola
  • 46. B. Poricidal capsule - one which opens with round holes. (poppies) Papaver
  • 47. C. Denticidal capsule - In a denticidal capsule, small teeth at the top of the fruit split open to release the seeds, as in this corn cockle (Agrostemma githago).
  • 48. D. Septicidal capsule - one which splits along the septa and opens at top Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia),
  • 49. E. Silique - a special long slender capsule of 2 carpels.
  • 50. F. Silicle - a special short broad capsule of 2 carpels.
  • 52. G. Pyxis = a capsule which has circumscissle dehiscence. (plantain)
  • 53. Indehiscent fruits • Dry fruits which do not open when mature to shed their seeds. • Many of this group are one seeded fruits. Types of Indehiscent Fruits: a. Achene d. grain b. Nut e. Schizocarp c. Samara
  • 54. Strawberry (Fragaria sp.)Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Seed without wings and with thin fruit wall. One seed attached to ovary wall at one point. A. Achene
  • 58. B. Nut • A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit similar to an achene but with the wall greatly thickened and hardened. • (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel; walnut and hickory - note: because of extrafloral bracts, or "husk", the latter two fruits are sometimes called "drupes").
  • 59. bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa).
  • 62. C. Samara • A one- or two-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in which part of the fruit wall grows out into a wing. (elm, maple, ash). • an achene with a wing for wind dispersal Narra
  • 65. D. Grain or Caryopsis • one seed which has the seed coat fused to the pericarp
  • 67. E. Schizocarp = from a compound pistil, splits into mericarps (pieces) which enclose one or more seeds and resemble fruits themselves.