women empowerment, issues and legal measures...MSc nursing

2. Women
empowerment
Deepthy P Thomas
Ist year MSc nursing
CNA

3. DEFINITION
 The manifestation of redistribution of power that
challenges patriarchal ideology and male dominance.
Chandra 1997
 Process aimed at changing the nature and direction of
systematic forces which marginalize women and other
disadvantaged sections in a given context.
Sharma 1992.

4. Empowerment is probably the totality of the
following or similar capabilities:
• decision-making power of their own
• access to information and resources for taking
proper decision
• Having a range of options /choices
• assertiveness in collective decision making
• positive thinking on the ability to make change
• Ability to learn skills.
• Ability to change others’ perceptions by
democratic means.
• Involving in the growth process and changes that
is never ending and self-initiated
• Increasing one’s positive self-image and
overcoming stigma

5. 1. Domestic violence
CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

6.  Acid Throwing
 Dowry

7.  Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion
 Rape

8.  Sexual harassment
 Trafficking

9.  Justice system
Other concerns
 Social opinions

10.  Family planning
 Sex ratios
 Sanitation

11. PRE-REQUISITES OF EMPOWERMENT
 Active participation in social economic and
political spheres.
 Process of decision making empowerment.
 Desired self-respect.
 Social dignity.
 Involvement of women in
decision making process
PRE-REQUISITES OF
EMPOWERMENT
• Active participation in social
economic and political spheres.
• Process of decision making
empowerment.
• Desired self-respect.
• Social dignity.
• Involvement of women in decision
making process.

12. LEVELS OF EMPOWERMENT
 Welfare
 Access
 Conscientisation
 Participation

13. FACILITATING FACTORS FOR
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
 Existence of women's organizations
 Availability of support systems
 Availability of women-specific
 Availability of funds
 Feminist leadership
 Networking
 Favourable media coverage
 Favourable policy climate.

14. CONSTRAINING FACTORS FOR
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
 Heavy work load of women.
 Isolation of women from each other.
 Illiteracy.
 Traditional views limit participation.
 No funds.
 Disagreements/conflicts among women's groups.
 Structural adjustment policies.
 Negative and sensational coverage of media

15. ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
 next generation will be empowered because
of her.
 if woman will be empowered she will not be
a burden on anyone.
 financial burden of man can be shared with
her support.
 family can be more strong because of both
working hands.
 when financial problems will be shared than
results of conflict.

16. RIGHTS OF WOMEN
 the right to work as a human being.
 The right to the same employment opportunities,
including application of the same criteria for selection.
 The right to free choice of profession and employment,
the right to promotion, job security and all benefits
and conditions of service and right to receive
vocational training and retraining.
 The right to equal remuneration.
 The right of social security as well as the right to paid
leave.
 The right to protection of health and to safety.

17. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
 Economic Empowerment of women
 Poverty Eradication
by offering them a range of economic and
social options, along with necessary support
measures to enhance their capabilities

18.  Micro Credit
strengthening of existing micro-credit
mechanisms and micro-finance
institution will be undertaken so that
the outreach of credit is enhanced

19.  Women and Economy
Their contribution to socio-economic development as
producers and workers will be recognized in the formal
and informal sectors (including home based workers)
and appropriate policies relating to employment and to
her working conditions should be drawn up.

20.  Globalization
Benefits of the growing global economy have
been unevenly distributed leading to wider
economic disparities, the feminization of
poverty, increased gender inequality through
often deteriorating working conditions and
unsafe working environment.

21.  Women and Agriculture
Concentrated efforts should be made to ensure that
benefits of training, extension and various
programmes will reach them in proportion to their
numbers.

22.  Women and Industry
comprehensive support in terms of labour
legislation, social security and other support
services to participate in various industrial
sectors

23.  Support Services
child care facilities, including creches at work places
and educational institutions, homes for the aged and
the disabled

24. social empowerment of women
 Education for women
equal access to education as men and boys

25.  Healthcare for women
 Participation of women in development of science
and technology

26.  Nutrition of women
 Drinking Water and Sanitation

27.  Housing and Shelter
 Environment

28. political empowerment
 Recognizing that education and training
 To acknowledge and accept the glaring gender based
bias
 Empowering women by increasing awareness
regarding the rights of an employee.
 Work on the communication skills of women
 Encouraging and supporting women entrepreneurs to
develop marketable models of enterprise

29.  Planning educational and training modules for
 motivating women to take up self- empowerment
programmes.
 Educating and training women to gainfully engage in markets
and institutions.
 Publicizing the central role of women in the national
economies and celebrating the success stories of women
entrepreneurship and women professionalism in every field.
 Gender training and sensitization of the current structures of
the society represented by the government, non-governmental
bodies and private enterprises.
 Improving the flow and access of credit and finance for
women through financial institutions for female entrepreneurs
at the governmental and non-governmental levels.
 The access of credit to be financed through collateral for loans.
 Building and strengthening networks where women come
together from different nations and regions for common goal
economic empowerment of women.

30. Cultural Empowerment of Women
 There should be a change in the mind set of society on
a fundamental level. Cultural empowerment as such
can be achieved only when women are treated as
human beings first and foremost

31. Women in difficulties
 Fighting against violence and discrimination
 Rights of the Girl Child
 Mass Media

32. LEGISLATIVE ACTS IN INDIA FOR
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
 Constitution of India, 1950 :
 Article 14 -equality .
 Article 15- prohibits
discrimination of sex.
 Article 16- equality of opportunity
for employment.
 The 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of
India provided for reservation of seats

33.  Indian Penal Code, 1860 :
 Section 304(b) -murder of women in connection with
demand of dowry.
 Sections 312 to 318 -miscarriage.
 . Section 366-A deals -procuration of minor girls for
sexual purpose.
 Section 376 -punishment for rape
 Section 498-A -women to cruelty by her husband or
relatives
 S. 509- punishment for uttering words and gesture or act
intended to insult the modesty of a woman

34.  The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
 The Factories Act, 1948
 The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 :
 The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
 The Chid Marriage Restraint Act, 1976
 The Indecent Representation of Women
(Prohibition) Act, 1986
 The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987
 The National Commission for Women Act, 1992 :
 The Prenatal Diagnostic Technique Act, 1994

35.  The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence
Act, 2005
 Women's Reservation Bill or the The Constitution
(108th Amendment) Bill.
 The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace
(Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
 The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
IN KERALA
 Kerala State Women’s Development Corporation
 Kerala State Women’s Commission
 Kerala State Social Welfare Board

36. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAMMES
Goals and objectives:
 Advancement and development of women in every
walk of life.
 Creating an environment through economic and
social policies.
 enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental
freedom
 Equal access to participation and decision making
 Equal access to women at all levels
 Strengthening legal systems
 active participation and involvement of both men and
women.
 Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the
development process.

37.  Care India Assisted Programmes
 Food Programmes
 Non-Food Programmes
 Setting up of Employment-cum
income Generation-Production Units
 Support to Training & Employment
Programme for Women (STEP
 Mahila Samriddhi Yojana (MSY)
 Rashtriya mahila kosh
 Indira mahila yojana (imy)
 Balika Samriddhi Yojana (BSY)
 Rural Women’s Development and Empowerment (Swa-
Shakti) Project
 Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme

38.  NREGS
The stated objective of the Act is “to enhance
livelihood security in rural areas by providing
at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year to every
household whose adult members volunteer to
do unskilled manual work.

39.  national policy for the empowerment of
women ,2001
Goals and objectives:
(i) Creating an environment through positive economic and
social policies for full development of women to enable them
to realize their full potential.
(ii) The de-jure and de-facto enjoyment of all human rights
and fundamental freedom by women on equal basis with
men in all spheres – political, economic, social, cultural and
civil
(iii) Equal access to participation and decision making of
women in social, political and economic life of the nation

40. Goals and objectives
iv) Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all
levels, career and vocational guidance, employment, equal
remuneration, occupational health and safety, social security and
public office etc.
(v) Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms
of discrimination against women
(vi) Changing societal attitudes and community practices by active
participation and involvement of both men and women.
(vii) Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development
process.
(viii) Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence
against women and the girl child;
(ix) Building and strengthening partnerships with civil society.

41. Components
 Educational empowerment.
 Social empowerment.
 Women in difficulties

42.  Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of
Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) – ‘Sabla’
 Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB)
 The National Mission for Empowerment of
Women
 was launched by the Government of India (GoI) on
International Women’s Day in 2010
strengthen the inter-sector convergence; facilitate the
process of coordinating all the women’s welfare and
socio-economic development programmes across
ministries and departments.
Mission Poorna Shakti

43.  Focus Area of the Mission
 Access to health, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
facilities for women .
 Coverage of all girls especially those belonging to
vulnerable groups in schools from primary to class
12 .
 Higher and Professional education for girls/women.
 Skill development, Micro credit, Vocational
Training, Entrepreneurship, SHG development .
 Gender sensitization and dissemination of
information.
 Taking steps to prevent crime against women and
taking steps for a safe environment for women .

44.  Key Strategies of the Mission
 Facilitating inter-sector convergence of
schemes.
 Strengthening institutional framework
 At policy level commission research, evaluation
studies, review schemes, programmes and
legislation, do gender audit and outcome
assessment
 Enhance economic empowerment.
 Evolve with the support of community
representatives and groups

45. Convergence Model
 a project to test a model of delivery for convergent
implementation of programmes intended for welfare
and development of women.
 The women centre at the village level, the first point of
contact for women will be known as the Poorna
Shakti Kendra (PSK).
 Village coordinators at the Kendras would reach out to
the women with the motto
"HUM SUNENGE NAARI KI BAAT!"