This document discusses motivation in second language learning. It defines motivation and different types of variables that can affect language learning. It discusses Robert Gardner's seminal work on motivation which distinguished between integrative motivation, involving interest in the target language culture or community, and instrumental motivation involving more practical goals like career or education. Later research found instrumental motivation can also be effective and integrative motivation is not always the main factor. Success in language learning can also influence motivation in a reciprocal relationship. Intrinsic motivation involving inherent interest in learning tasks is another perspective discussed.

1. MOTIVATION