Confusion And Personal Identity In Rip Van Winkle Essay

Confusion and Personal Identity in Rip Van Winkle Essay
Rip Van Winkle tells the story of a man who, on a trek into the Kaatskill mountains, mysteriously sleeps away twenty
years of his life during the Revolutionary War. When he returns home, he finds that things have dramatically changed;
King George no longer has control over the colonies, and many of his friends have either died or left town. At this point,
the story reaches its climax, where Van Winkle realizes that his life may be forever changed.
To this point, Rip Van Winkle has had only to deal with the change in his surroundings. Having no doubts about his
personal character, his fears remain singular only briefly, for when the crowd points to a man whom they call Rip Van
Winkle, he begins to question his being as well. "I'm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the telling of Rip's previous life, Irving does not hide Rip's laziness and unproductive nature, but the reader is
constantly reminded of Rip's kind and gentle qualities. Never do we view his actions negatively, for his poor work habits
are overshadowed by his character strength and other amusing qualities.
In this selection, however, no effort is made to disguise these traits. The man is "...apparently as lazy, and certainly as
ragged." No disclaimers. Rip Van Winkle notices these traits, and he is "...now completely confounded." His confusion has
increased, but confounded also refers to shame–the shame he might feel about his past.
As the confusion increases, Rip begins to question his identity. When the man with the cocked hat asks who Rip was and
what was his name, we are more concerned with Rip's identity as a human being than the answers to these simplistic
questions, and so is Rip, for these questions become of greater importance when we consider how they concern Rip's inner
self. He responds that "...I am not myself," and he enters a near panic as he describes his sad plight. His thoughts become
shorter. The words used are shorter.
Rip Van Winkle is losing control of the situation. He desperately wants to believe that he is still himself, but he can find
nothing to support his claims; When coupled with the self examination of his past life, we see that Rip Van Winkle is
having trouble discerning the truth within himself.
In looking
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow vs. The...
When we compare Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow to the 1980 television movie The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow starring Meg Foster, Dick Butkus, and Jeff Goldblum, we find that while there are several similarities between the
two, there are also some key differences. When we look at various characters as well as the storyline, we see those
similarities and differences. Washington Irving's depiction of Katrina Van Tassel is that she was "a little of a coquette" and
liked to mix older and modern fashions–"she wore the...stomacher of the older time; and withal a provokingly short
petticoat, to display the prettiest foot and ankle" (Irving 325)–because they accentuated her best features. Add in her
beauty–"a blooming lass ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After he expresses his sorrow again, her reply is, "Indeed you were, sir" (6:56–7:09). She also made sure that when she
was leaving, after Ichabod learned who she is, that her father (who hired him) could fire him just as fast (7:21–7:25). An
example of her coquettishness is when she ponders the possibility for a girl to have two suitors; and she is called selfish
and greedy by another character because "the person that already has the best man in the county wrapped around her
finger like a wedding ring shouldn't be making google eyes at other men" (46:16–46:33); this goes to show a similarity to
the written story. During the course of the movie, however, she becomes increasingly interested in Ichabod; she tells
another character that she wants a "gentle man, an educated man, a quiet man" (48:12–48:19). She is in love with Ichabod,
which is a contrast to the movie. The ending of their story in the movie is also not the same as the written story; we
assume they live happily ever after. Moving from Katrina to her biggest suitor (in every sense of the word), we find that
Irving's representation of Abraham "Brom" Van Brunt, otherwise known as Brom Bones, can be summed up in Irving's
own words. His physical appearance, "his Herculean frame and great powers of limb" (Irving 327), caused Brom to be the
object of "awe, admiration, and good will" by the people of Sleepy Hollow (Irving 328). Brom was generally considered a
mixture of entertainment

A Catholic Socialist
In Dreadful Conversations: The Making of a Catholic Socialist (2003), John C. Cort quoted Irving Babbitt saying,
"Rousseau abandoned his five children, one after the other, but had, we are told, an unspeakable affection for his dog."1
Irving Babbitt certainly had no love loss for Jean–Jacques Rousseau not only because of his abandonment of his children
but because Rousseau was the antithesis of Babbitt. Even though both Babbitt and Rousseau offer revolutionary ideas that
affected their societies, their educational and religious philosophies differed in many ways.
On education, Babbitt and Rousseau exhibited contrasting ideas. Rousseau's views on education centered upon human
liberty in educational pursuits. However, Babbitt was more about structure in educational pursuits. Babbitt wrote, "[Bacon
and thereby Rousseau] do not have the humanist's passion for wholeness, for the harmonious rounding out of all the
faculties."2 In contrast to Babbitt, Rousseau and Bacon believed that one should "burrow ever more and more deeply into
his own specialty."3 Babbitt continued, "The scientific and sentimental naturalist are sharply at variance on many points,
but in their views on education they often coincide curiously."4
As opposed to Bacon and Rousseau, Babbitt was the opposite of a scientific/sentimental naturalist. Babbitt believed in the
value of a classical education and the foundation that came through those offerings. He wrote, "Classical literature, at its
best, does not so

Rip Van Wrinkle, By Washington Irving
In 1819 one of the most influential folk tales in American literature was "Rip Van Wrinkle" published by Washington
Irving. This folk tale intertwines fantasy with reality and captures what it is like waking up in an anomalous yet familiar
place. The main themes of Rip Van Wrinkle is Rip's laziness, Dame's henpecking, and the difference between Pre–
Revolutionary and Post–Revolutionary times. This American Mythology follows a slothful man who desires not to be
bothered by his "shrewish" wife and the toil of having a farm. When going to the Catskills Mountains to nap Rip gets his
wish by encountering peculiar elderly man who gives Rip a sip of an alcoholic drink from a mysterious keg. Although he
is free from his burdens, he misses twenty years of his life One of the themes in Rip Van Wrinkle is Dame's constant
pestering and antagonizing. Dame Van Wrinkle is portrayed as Rip's stereotypical henpecking wife who has no dialogue in
the tale but remains comical storyline. She is seen as an acerbic old woman as described in this quote, "tart temper never
mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener with constant use" (Irving, 65). Even when
Mrs. Wrinkle dies it's from breaking a blood vessel while anathematizing a peddler. Dame's pestering is simply an effect
Mrs. Wrinkle constantly being in a state of stress and anxiety. She has to take care of her children Rip the second and
Judith also her husband Rip who eschews doing tough labor. Unlike Rip

A Prayer for Owen Meany
In A Prayer for Owen Meany, by John Irving, Irving portrays the relationship between faith and doubt within the struggles
of Johnny, which in the end alienates him from a normal, human life because the miraculous moments he has encountered
changed him and vanishes all his doubt. However, it demonstrates that he is living in the past, which has causes grief and
anger for his lost best friend, which has kept him from living normally.
In the beginning of the novel, it demonstrates that not only is Johnny "doomed" to remember Owen, but shows that his
past continues to haunt him; although, he gains faith, the tragic events shape him into a whole different person (1). The
beginning of the novel also shows that within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This presents him from a living a normal life because he is focusing on the negative aspects of the miraculous moment he
encounters; although it is tragic, Johnny tries to prevent God's plan from happening to Owen. Later, he realizes that he
could not and God is unstoppable. Canon Campbell points out to Johnny that he lives "in the past" and has a "head for
history which has affected their relationship because Johnny was once "close to Canon Campbell," but he is focusing more
on the past and ignoring the present (203). This demonstrates that Johnny is retreating into his past memories which affect
not only his relationship with others, but him as well.
Although Johnny retreats occasionally back in the present, Johnny's life as a Canadian citizen shows a hint of ambiguity in
terms of his emotional stability. His feelings of bitterness and hatred show signs of depression which ties into his
hallucination of Owen in his grandmother's basement. Johnny feels "a small, strong hand" pull him "forward from where"
he stands and hears "Owen's voice" say "DON'T BE AFRAID" because "NOTHING BAD IS GOING TO HAPPEN TO"
him (517). His hallucination of Owen plays a role in his loss of doubt whereas he sees this also as a miracle. Losing a
loved one can cause great signs of grief and takes effort for someone to overcome depression. Death has the capability of
testing one's faith, which in Johnny's,

Summary Of The Supernatural In The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story that has been remade from the original multiple times since it has been
published. The supernatural events about ghost that take place in the short story are about most common in horror stories.
This short story is about a resurrection of a headless horseman that was a soldier before he died. When the horseman
comes back he is well known to take heads from people for taking his head many years ago. The supernatural events that
are going to explain about in this research paper is the differences in the short story from the movie about how Crane and
Katrina is involved. Crane on how he reacts different from the way he deals with the horseman and how Katrina from the
short story to from being a witch in the movie. The short story and the movie science, learning, and reasoning is done
differently to facing with the supernatural. In the book Crane, a teacher where he believes a lot in ghost stories,
supernatural, greedy, and always a very scared guy. "How often was he appalled by some shrub covered with snow, which,
like a sheeted specter, beset his very path! – How often did he shrink with curdling awe at the sound of his own steps..."
(Irving 538) This is stating on how he is afraid of the stories that Crane is learning about from the townspeople making
him scared of everything around him that it could be a ghost but all it was his own footsteps. When Crane met the ghost,
he got scared and ran one there the story ends on not knowing what really happens to Crane. It was, there was mainly to
believe it was a Crane's rival playing as the headless horseman Brom Bones to scare Crane off from Crane trying to take
Katrina from him. The movie it, took it a different way than the short story on how Crane feared everything around him in
the book. In the movie Crane was a detective who used science to find out who was murdering the townspeople. The
science he used was using chemicals and surgical skills that Crane used to determine on how the towns people died. He
didn't believe in ghost or the supernatural and that there is always a reason behind everything. Once the story progressed
Crane than question his morals on the question his methods of science to find the horseman

Gender Issues in Washington Irving's The Legend of...
Gender Issues in Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
At first glance, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving seems to be an innocent tale about a superstitious
New England town threatened by a strange new comer, Icabod Crane. However, this descriptive narrative is more than just
a simple tale because it addresses several gender issues that deserve attention. The pervasiveness of female influence in
Sleepy Hollow and the conflict between male and female storytelling in this Dutch community are two pertinent gender
issues that complicate Irving's work and ultimately enable the women of Sleepy Hollow to control the men and maintain
order.
Irving's main character, Icabod Crane, causes a stir and disrupts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, we are left with a sense of relief at Crane's removal from Sleepy Hollow. Thus the tale presents a stark contrast to
"Rip Van Winkle." In that story, women attempt and fail to confront men openly; in Sleepy Hollow, female behavior is
much more subversive and effective.
Female behavior in Sleepy Hollow is a result of its feminine setting. Irving's tale preserves the maintenance of the
feminine and the landscape is described as having maternal characteristics. For example, Sleepy Hollow lies "in the
bosom" of a cove lining the Hudson (Irving 948), and the valley is "embosomed in the great state of New York" (Irving
950). Clearly the repose and security of Sleepy Hollow rest in the maternal landscape – an assumption so pervasive that
even our male narrator attests to it. For as he observes, the act of naming falls to women in this Dutch village. For
example, "The good house–wives of the adjacent country, from the inveterate propensity of their husbands to linger about
the village tavern on market days, " have named the nearby "rural port" "Tarry Town" (Irving 948). The name and power
of naming thus operates as a gently sarcastic means of reproaching unruly husbands and of preserving female dominance
over the Hollow.
In the beginning of the tale Irving describes the narrator as

Story Telling: A Potent Tool In Ian McEwan's Atonement and...
Although storytelling can be seen as a form of creative writing, the novel Atonement by Ian McEwan and the short story
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irvin both suggest that storytelling serves as a means for exaggerating
actual events. This is significant because the partially deceitful elements tend to mold the reader's judgment of what really
happens. In the novel Atonement by Ian McEwan, Thirteen year old Briony Tallis is gifted with the ability of words.
Briony's ability to tell stories often leaves the audience questioning whether Briony's account of events actually took place
or if they are a mere figment of her imagination. The first time that this is seen is when Briony discovers Robbie and her
sister, Cecilia, in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even with every inkling of suspicion that Robbie really died of infection from an injury obtained during the war, it forces
the reader to believe that maybe, just maybe, he survived. Briony is so gifted with the art of creating words that for a split
second she achieves the action forcing the reader to believe that things worked themselves out and that she was now able
to atone for her guilt that she carried all of these years. The audience later learns that the events that Briony narrated had
not actually taken place at all. She had not witnessed the wedding of Lola and Paul Marshall, Robbie and Cecilia did not
end up together, and Robbie died at war and Cecilia died in an explosion in London. I believe that Briony's account of
these events were very selfish, she does not realize until it is to late to make amends that words can be just as, if not more
harmful, than actions. Briony creates these fabricated events to make amends within herself because she knows that her
sister and Robbie would have never forgiven her as they had stated before, but the details of these events leads the reader
to believe that things worked out for Robbie and Cecelia after years of separation when the two never actually got to be
together. Similarly, in the short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irvin, the narrator, Dietrich
Knickerbocker, details the village people of

How Irving Creates A Portrait Of Sneed As More And More Pig
In the memoir "Trying to save Piggy Sneed," John Irving recounts how his grandmother's kindness towards a retarded
garbage collector, Sneed, inspired him to become a writer. One of the key aspects of the memoir is how Irving creates a
portrait of Sneed as more and more pig–like. The effect of this portrait is to make readers believe, by the end of the
memoir, that Sneed is a pig. Irving starts the memoir with the statement that all memoirs are partially made–up, and as
such, "Trying to save Piggy Sneed," too, has false components. He uses his imagination throughout the memoir to
supplement his memory and to alter facts about Sneed, so as to create a false and cruel picture of him. My aim is to
analyze how Irving uses his imagination to characterize Sneed and answer why does he, even as an adult, insist on being
abusive to this innocent man? In paragraph 8, Irving emphasizes that Sneed lived with his pigs, imagining that "his pigs
would crowd around him for warmth." He associates Sneed's smell and look with his pig–like qualities. But, although
Sneed smelled and looked awful, this alone is not conclusive. Sneed was poor and retarded and couldn't talk, so the only
thing he could do for a living was collect garbage and keep some pigs, work in which it is not easy to maintain hygiene.
Because his barn was small, Sneed had to remain close to his pigs, which was the reason he looked and smelled awful,
rather than a willingness to live like a pig, as Irving describes.

- the Origins of Fiction and American Identity: a...
– The origins of fiction and American identity: a comparison of Irving and Cooper –
In this assignment I am going to focus on the origin of American fiction and specifically, I am going to talk about two
famous authors who are characteristic of this type of literature. The purpose of this essay is comparing these two writers
through their works: Rip Van Winkle and The last of the Mohicans. These writers are Washington Irving and James
Fenimore Cooper. Washington Irving was born on 1783 (Manhattan) and he is consider as "the father of American fiction"
and the creator of the short story.
Irving did multiple travels to the "Old Continent", maybe because of that it is said that his literature is Europeanized. But
his most famous and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One thing we know about Rip Van Winkle is that this story is inspirited in a story belonging to a Dutch story, taking from
the Dutch settlers of American colonies.
As we know Irving is a writer located between neoclassicism and romanticism, so in the development of this essay we can
see different characteristics. For example, what I explained in the previous lines indicate characteristics of romanticism:
Inspiration in other countries: the Dutch story; enthusiasm for exotic landscape: Catskill Mountains appear as something
mystic; or a world of fantasy: the author changes the place telling unbelievable things about it. On the contrary, Cooper is
more realistic when he wrote The last of the Mohicans, basically because there is composed with a historical basis, like
Irving with Rip Van Winkle, but in Cooper' story the way to tell the things is more realistic, there is not exaggerated
fictional elements such as time travels, or strange atmospheres. His story is focus on telling a specific moment of the
American history from the point of view of different characters that composed the story. This is maybe because Cooper led
the literary movement that it was the fashion in this period: the Romanticism. One of the characteristics of this writer in
the romanticism is the nationalism using the politics or the forest, savage and free, as a way to represent the character of

Poem In The Devil And Tom Walker, By Washington Irving
The range of psychological approaches also took great part in the story. When the people are in dilemma, they try to solve
the problems in different ways as they are different fruits of different trees. The reason is people are treated in different
spheres and in different societies, some of them are free citizens of the free country, some of them slaves of the colonies.
Some of them choose the difficult way to solve the problem, but some of them choose the tricky way to get rid of it. Or
people choose the tricky way without intention of doing it, maybe under pressure of other people or maybe under the
formed situation similar to the happened issue in the scene of presence of spectre bridegroom in the castle of
Katzenellenbegon family. Baron could not allow Starkenfaust to introduce himself and explain the reason of his visit.
Unwillingly he masked under a spectre figure, thinking as the best way of swaying away from the castle of
Katzenellenbegon family. At the end of the story the force of free and true love unmasked the spectre bridegroom. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We know that Washington Irving created many distinct characters in his works. Some of his characters see and try to find
happiness and wealth in different things. Irving gave a great depiction of an American Dream under the aim of becoming
happy and immediately wealthy no matter how it would be happened. If Irving in "Rip Van Winkle" created the character
Rip who saw the happiness in life without his nagging wife, in "The Devil and Tom Walker" he created the character Tom
who saw the happiness in wealth which reduced to ash upon the Devil's taking his soul. Both characters, Rip and Tom,
somehow achieved the goals but at the end both of them were unhappy, because they chose the wrong ways to get the
targets. This is the issue to which Irving wanted to drag the reader's attention in his

A Prayer for Owen Meany Essay
Not the least of my problems is that I can hardly even imagine what kind of an experience a genuine, self–authenticating
religious experience would be. Without somehow destroying me in the process, how could God reveal himself in a way
that would leave no room for doubt? If there were no room for doubt, there would be no room for me.–
Frederick Buechner
In the novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany, by John Irving, Owen Meany's belief of predestination makes a significant impact
on John Wheelwright's emotional stability as an adult. John Wheelwright is unhealthily bitter and angry about his past
experiences because he clings to a past that never lets him choose. This bitterness fuels his repugnance towards the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As John grew older, he became hurt and obsessed with the whole notion. He always thought of "what ifs" and "if only" to
assuage his evident wrath for the loss of his mother.
John's troubled soul was fueled by hatred towards Owen's control for his destiny, the kind of control that John never has in
his own life. The events leading up to the Vietnam War and beyond were out of his authority, however, as destiny has it; it
is inescapably going to happen. The war itself indirectly took the life of John's best friend and John always felt helpless
and responsible thinking that somehow he should have taken some kind of control in order to change occurrences. Due to
Owen Meany's belief that he is an instrument of God and that God has set a task for him to complete, Owen does his best
to fulfill each part of his destiny. John does not understand why Owen bothered, John himself having so little faith and
acceptance in destiny and fate. Owen has control over which path in life he should take, he could follow God's orders, or
he could ignore his calling and not do as his fate would have to save the little Vietnamese children. John's feeling of
helplessness in the fate that has befallen Owen makes him feel responsible and angry because he thinks he could have
tried to persuade Owen to avoid his destiny. Moreover, John is angry by Owen's faith in God and his acceptance of his
destiny by living his life accordingly rather than avoiding it, the control that John never

Analysis Of Vineland And Robert Coover 's Dramatic...
Abstract
The present paper traces the origins of Thomas Pynchon's novel Vineland and Robert Coover's dramatic monologue Rip
Awake to Washington Irving's short story "Rip Van Winkle" and attempts to analyze both adaptations. Though Irving's
short story dates back to an earlier time period in the American landscape, it nonetheless forms the foundation of both
Pynchon's and Coover's work. Though Irving's writing style has often been called exceedingly British sounding, his
narratives are steeped in American history and the American way of life. Both Thomas Pynchon and Robert Coover on the
other hand belong to the postmodern age and deal with experimental fiction in America. If Pynchon's fiction is described
as encyclopedic, labyrinthine and convoluted then Coover's is termed otherworldly and surreal. Despite the fact that most
critics see both Pynchon and Cooveras being as dissimilar as chalk and cheese, they nonetheless use experimental forms
and techniques that are distinctly postmodern as the present study will depict.
Keywords
Comparison, postmodern themes, Awakening, Disorientation, Crows, Blue jays, Narrative style, Familiarity and
Reconstruction
Introduction
Washington Irving (1789–1859) was a cultural and diplomatic ambassador to Europe who went to publish his first work,
Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon in the year 1820 using Geoffrey Crayon as his pseudonym.This work contained his two
most popular short stories, "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy

Analysis Of The Book ' Rip Van Winkle '
For the latter part of the last two centuries, generations of people around the world have read or heard of the tale of the
man who slept for two decades known as "Rip Van Winkle". This short story was originally published in a book called
"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent." by American author Washington Irving under the pseudonym "Geoffrey
Crayon. Irving used effective writing to show the reader every detail needed to understand where and what is going on
especially during the transitioning periods of before the American Revolution to the aftermath. Some generalize this story
as a simple story of a man who slept for two decades, however what if the theme of this story is truly about the stages of
depression suffered by the main character. This could be insinuated by Washington Irving in certain aspects of the
character and the story itself of "Rip Van Winkle". "Rip Van Winkle" tells the story of a man who was "observed that he
was a simple good natured man" (Rip Van Winkle 30), who spent most of his time helping others and very little time
helping himself. The story took place in the late 1700's in a small village near the Hudson River around the Kaatskill
Mountains where it began around a time where Great Britain still had control of the colonies and it lasted until after the
eventual American Revolution. Irving wrote the story in a way that it could be narrated by a fictional character Diedrich
Knickerbocker that he created, who also acted as the narrator for

Rip Van Winkle Time Travel Analysis
Rip Van Winkle: Time Travel from the Past
Rip van Winkle by Washington Irving is a story about a man, and a bizarre adventure through time to the near future
during the American Revolution. Van Winkle is a dutch–american settler living in the New York Catskills before the
American Revolt. Within the village, Van Winkle is exceptionally appreciated as a valued member of the society, as that
plays into the genre. The story takes an unexpected turn when Van Winkle is fast–travelled through time, to an era soon
after the American Revolution, where his son is grown and his wife dead. The narrative told by Rip Van Winkle is what
created the deeply–rooted values that now define the American mythology genre as what it is today.
One of those values of American mythology is the location. The village is described in the story as remote and high in the
Appalachian area, yet "dismembered" from it. This gives the story a sense of mystery as the unique venue is unlike that of
an urban area or a more populated location. The exclusive setting sets the story into a mood that leaves the reader isolated
alongside the characters, and therefore leaves them more immersed in the narrative. The time period was also orchestrated
to be just before the American Revolution, so that the story has an interesting historic event that is tied to the events like
the time travel.
The time travel, is a virtue of the story that Irving uses as a hook for the readers. It is an aspect of the short story that
removes Van Winkle from his surroundings, to a time soon after the American Revolution, at the cost of twenty years of
Winkles' life. Irving uses the time travel to move the story to a point where nobody in the village knows Van Winkle by
face anymore. This injects into the story a sense of mystery, as Van Winkle attempts to find out what has happened to him.
Early on, Irving gives the reader the information that "even the dogs do not hate Winkle", but once the time travel occurs,
they bark at him as if they do not recognize who he is anymore. This changes how the reader perceives the story, as they
will want to solve the mystery of why Van Winkle is displaced so far from his time that even the dogs do not remember
him. The time jump is what

Political Satire In The Monikins By Fenimore James Cooper
The publication of The Monikins by Fenimore James Cooper exudes as a serious and caustic satire on social mores of
America and England in the beginning of the nineteenth century. In the beginning of the twenty–first century, readers
could still simply determine in fictional Leaplow and Leaphigh the satirical shape of both countries. By using a specific
literary weapon – satire – Fenimore Cooper ridicules an aristocratic monarchy and bourgeois republic. The main character
of the novel – John Goldencalf – travels to the mysterious land, which populated by apes. The speaking apes represent the
perfect civilization, which is a step above the humanity. By describing, or even denudation the imperfections of the social,
political and religious realities of "fictional" countries, Goldencalf concludes, that "that is fortunate (–– removed HTML
––) for it is certain too much goes wrong on earth."(1) 488. Fenimore Cooper's contemporary critics labeled this
subversive political allegory as his "failure". The Knickerbocker or New York Monthly Magazine harshly criticized the
novel in August 1835. This critical review marked the beginning of all other attacks on the novel, which later caused the
total absence of this novel in any anthologies. First of all, The Knickerbocker's critics claim that Cooper is "unfitness as a
satirist" and a "delineator in allegory". "The Monikins" should not be viewed as a satiric novel. According to them, the
plot of the novel is

William Cullen Bryant And The Devil And Tom Walker
An Analysis of American Romanticism
The romantic period,1735 to 1830, for writers is a dark and confusing time, it is a time when dark things are made to seem
better than they are. Many great literary works come from this period, but at the price of confusing the population. People
believe that "emotions and relationships were not just important, but were the very currency of life." Three romantic era
pieces stand out, The Pit and The Pendulum by Edgar Allen Poe, Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant and The Devil
and Tom Walker By Washington Irving. These stories resemble the best qualities of the romantic era and maybe even
some of the worst. Romanticism itself is a way of turning even the worst of topics into a more emotional sounding one or
emphasizing a different emotion. Many romantic authors choose to write about death in a way that makes it sound like a
person, so maybe it doesn't seem as scary anymore. Others may write about war, or personal experience in a way that is
not like the original story. In a nutshell Romanticism is taking something and twisting it into something completely
different.
In The Devil and Tom Walker Irving writes about the Devil in a way that makes him seem like an eerie lumberjack or even
a seedy salesman, he represents the tempter. He even skims over the fact that Walker sells his soul to the devil and focuses
on the man Walker becomes after he gets what he wants from the Devil. Tom Walker is a greedy man who cared little for

Washington Irving, American Story Teller Essay
Washington Irving, American Story Teller I strongly agree the statement "Washington Irving found in legend and folklore
a view of the natural world colored by emotion, by superstition, and by the ancient belief that supernatural beings inhabit
the wild places of the earth. He wrote stories that illustrated old truths about human nature and the dramatic possibilities of
the American landscape." Although Irving wrote over twenty volumes, including essays, poems, histories, biographies,
and more, in class, we have focused on his fiction. Irving dispersed many beliefs and legends of his time, and the past, into
his stories. He also made great use of American themes in these literary pursuits. Such details along with existent people
and events interlaced in his fanciful tales are some of the reasons I find his work so distinctive and enjoyable. Washington
Irving was the youngest of eleven children, born into a somewhat wealthy New York City merchant family in 1783. He
wrote for newspapers, journals, and magazines in his twenties. Shortly afterward, he worked in publishing and editing. As
a true belletrist, Erving found great enjoyment in writing. His first notable book, (which he heralded the release of with a
fanciful precursor,) was A History of New York (1809), published under one of his many clever, pseudonyms "Diedrich
Knickerbocker." When Irving was thirty–six years old, the simultaneous publications of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey
Crayon, Gent. (1819), in

Essay on Christopher Columbus
America's national memory is filled with icons and symbols, avatars of deeply held, yet imperfectly understood, beliefs.
The role of history in the iconography of the United States is pervasive, yet the facts behind the fiction are somehow lost
in an amorphous haze of patriotism and perceived national identity. Christopher Columbus, as a hero and symbol of the
first order in America, is an important figure in this pantheon of American myth. His status, not unlike most American
icons, is representative not of his own accomplishments, but the self–perception of the society which raised him to his
pedestal in the American gallery of heroism.
This gallery was not in place at the birth of the political nation. America, as a young republic, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"People had even more reason to think of themselves in distinctive American terms." (Noble, 250) Americans, searching
for a history and a hero, discovered Columbus. A rash of poetic histories and references to Columbus emerge in the years
following the Revolution: Philip Freneau's The Pictures of Columbus, Joel Barlow's 1787 The Vision of Columbus, and
Phillis Wheatley's 1775 innovation, the poetic device "Columbia" as a symbol of both Columbus and America. King's
College of New York changed its name in 1792 to Columbia, and the new capitol in Washington was subtitled District of
Columbia, in deference to those who would name the country after Columbus. Noble observes that,
It is not hard to understand the appeal of Columbus as a totem for the new republic and the former subjects of George III.
Columbus had found the way of escape from Old World tyranny. He was the solitary individual who challenged the
unknown sea, as triumphant Americans contemplated the dangers and promise of their own wilderness frontier...as a
consequence of his vision and audacity, there was now a land free from kings, a vast continent for new beginnings. In
Columbus the new nation without its own history and mythology found a hero from the distant past, one seemingly free of
any taint from association with European colonial powers. The Columbus symbolism gave America an instant mythology
and a unique place in history, and their adoption of Columbus magnified his own

The Legend Sleepy Hollow By Washington Irving
Max Lippman
Mrs.Tortolla
21st of September 2015
B Block
Sleepy Hollow In the Legend Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving, the reader follows the story of a Man named Ichabod
Crane. It all takes place in 18th century New York, where we see Ichabod the lanky, poor, school teacher attempt to court
the rich and lovely Katrina Van Tassel. Ichabod comes to Sleepy Hollow, New York, from his home state of Connecticut,
to be the schoolmaster of the village. The town of Sleepy Hollow and its inhabitants are said to be under some kind of
spell or enchantment, and the place is shrouded by supernatural rumors. Irving plays out these aspects of Sleepy Hollow
throughout the story helping the reader to become more engaged in the story using aspects of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They originally start off, Brom Bones, knowing that Ichabod believes in the supernatural world, moves all the desks in
Ichabod's class to scare him. Sadly and ironically it works. The irony in this is that Ichabod is a man of intellect, a school
teacher the fact that he actually believes in all of the supernatural tales that surround Sleepy Hollow would most likely not
be seen in the majority of other schoolmasters. From the very beginning Irving shows the reader that Ichabod has fatal
flaw that will only hurt him as his conflict worsen. Later on Ichabod attends Katrina's party hoping to win her over, sadly
he is disappointed and leaves the party walking back on the dark and eerily quiet path home. While passing the possibly
haunted Major Andre's tree, otherwise known as the Headless Horseman, Ichabod notices a shadowy figure tracing him.
After calling out and receiving no response he begins to quicken his pace attempting to lose the pursuer. This proves to no
avail as the figure takes shape, to Ichabod's horror. It is the headless horseman. Hoping on Gunpowder, Ichabod's decrepit
horse, he attempts to escape the headless horseman. The problem was that he was not a skilled horse rider and ultimately
as Ichabod looks back, but he sees the Horseman, instead of fading away or turning back, hurl his head at him,

Abraham Bram Stoker: A Brief Biography
Abraham Bram Stoker, born in Dublin on November 8, 1847, was an Irish novelist, theatre critic and short story writer. As
a child, Stoker was often ill and he spent most of his time in bed. His mother, who was as a charity worker and a writer,
told him horror stories that, most likely, had influenced his later writings. The ones he found most interesting were the
stories about the cholera epidemic in 1832, which killed thousands of people in Europe and North America. In 1864,
Stoker enrolled at the University of Dublin, and there attended Trinity College. He began working as a civil servant at
Dublin Castle and a part time journalist and drama critic. Despite being sick a lot as a child, he excelled in athletics,
winning many awards. He graduated with honors in 1870 and earned a mathematics degree, and continued his work at the
Castle for another 10 years. Many wonder about the "Bram" in his name. The Constitution of Atlanta explained:
"..Speaking of his rather–striking name, he said: "I was named Abraham Stoker, but since my very young childhood, I
have been called Bram–and Bram, I have let it remain"". In 1876, he meets a famous English actor, Sir Henry Irving, after
his review of "Hamlet" in which Irving was cast. They soon became friends, and this relationship would soon prove to be
a firm ground to his career. It didn't take long for Irving to offer Bram a management position at Lyceum Theatre, where
he would write letters for him and accompany him on his worldwide

The Miserable And Wretched Creatures Of Mary Shelley 's...
Many authors during the early nineteenth century wrote about the horrible working conditions that existed during the
Industrialization movement in early nineteenth century Europe. Some wrote directly toward this issue, like Karl Marx in
the "Communist Manifesto," but others decided voice their opinions through the characters of their literary works. The
miserable and wretched creatures of Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" and Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol" are all
products of the same social and cultural forces, however one is more noticeably linked to these issues while the other is
more abstract. The two child–like spirits, Ignorance and Want, serve as warnings to Scrooge that society will be littered
with people ignorant and wanting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is emphasized even more when the spirit says to "Beware [the] boy; for on his brow I see that written which Doom,
unless the writing be erased." The two children not only represent the overarching problems that come with having the
bourgeoisie reign, but what will later occur if this reign continues to develop further. While the two spirits appear to be
small children now, if given the chance to grow and become identical to their fathers, they will us their ignorance and
want to worsen the future of society. The "Doom" written on Ignorance's face is the doom of society if the bourgeoisie
continue to control more of it. Right now the bourgeoisie might just be a small issue, but if the issue continues to grow
larger in size, just like the two children, everyone will be filled with the same ignorance and wants and thus society will be
just as wretched as these two spirits. Dickens warns his readers to not produce those similar to Ignorance and Want, but
rather to be more charitable and giving toward those like them instead.
After being rejected by Felix and the other villagers of the cottage, Victor Frankenstein's monster states "Unfeeling,
heartless creator! You had endowed me with perceptions and passions and then cast me abroad an object for the scorn and
horror of mankind.

Summary Of Imagery In The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow
The authors use the same type of figurative language in all three stories. "Sleepy Hollow", "The Minister's Black Veil",
and "The Devil and Tom Walker", all three use imagery. The use of imagery is used throughout the stories to comprehend
the setting, mood, and to get across the personality of the characters. Washington Irving's, the author of the story "The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow", uses imagery throughout the story to interpret the setting and mood of the story. At the
beginning of the story, Erving uses suspenseful imagery to describe the location of the valley that he lives in as one of the
quietest places on earth . He ackno in the story "Not far from this village, perhaps about two miles down the road, there is
a little valley or lap of land among the hills, which is one of the quietest places in the world." The main character Ichabod
Crane is a school teacher, Erving the author uses imagery in such a way to give the readers the full effect of what his
classroom looks like. "His schoolhouse was a low building of one large room, rudely constructed of logs; the windows
partly glazed, and partly patched with leaves of old copybooks," he says this in such a way that the reader can imagine the
school room as if they were there and it adds suspense to the rest of the story. Washington Irving set the mood of thrilling
suspense and the spooky setting of a quiet town by using imagery throughout his story of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow".
The use of imagery that Nathaniel

The Groupthink Phenomen Is The Political System Of The...
The Groupthink Phenomena: Is the Political System of the United Stated Designed to Suffer the Phenomena? The United
States has long been divided by political lines. Individuals are identified as either Democrat or Republican, Liberal or
Conservative, Left–wing or Right–wing. Normal distribution of the population would put the majority, regardless of
political affiliation within the middle or moderate ideals. However the groupthink phenomena may be causing a rift that
abnormally pushes those moderates to more hardline political views. In the new book Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink
to Make Groups Smarter Cass Sunstein and Reid Hastie identify how the groupthink phenomena is affecting our political
ideals. Is the polarizing ideals of our current two–party system destined to be overcome by groupthink? Groupthink is not
a new phenomenon. The idea of groupthink originally was coined by William H. Whyte (1952) in Fortune magazine:
"Groupthink being a coinage – and, admittedly, a loaded one – a working definition is in order. We are not talking about
mere instinctive conformity – it is, after all, a perennial failing of mankind. What we are talking about is a rationalized
conformity – an open, articulate philosophy which holds that group values are not only expedient but right and good as
well (p. 114)." Twenty years later, the topic was researched and provided a more in–depth description by Irving Lester
Janis. Janis was interested on how the same group could develop a

Analysis Of In The Next Room Or The Vibrator Play
PERFORMANCE TREATMENT #2
1. The central conflict in, In the Next Room, or the Vibrator Play was centered around Dr. Givings and his wife Catherine.
The two characters clash throughout the play in a battle for understanding and love. Catherine becomes deeply hurt by her
husband as the play unfolds; she feels her husband doesn't give her the attention she deserves and isn't emotionally
attached to her. Catherine's anger is clearly evident when Dr. Givings finds her with Mr. Irving in the other room and does
not show his displeasure with it at all; in fact, Dr. Givings attempts to rationalize the situation, which upsets Catherine
further. The mystery of Dr. Givings practice and how he treats his patients also cultivates a barrier between the two
throughout the play. Catherine is angered by her husband not sharing his mysterious treatment with her and then a rift
forms as Catherine uses it for her own pleasure, rather than for science. The conflict between these two characters builds
to a climax as time passes until they explode in a yelling match at one another and their relationship hangs in the balance
and must salvaged at the close of the play.
2. The design choices incorporated in the play were effective; the character's outfits were certainly designed according to
the time period, which was some time shortly after the invention of electricity. The costume design as a whole helped
depict the character's social class. Dr. Givings, for instance, was dressed–up in black

Comparison Of Misogyny In The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow By...
In three stories written by, Washington Irving, they all portray him into a man of misogyny. In the story, "The Devil and
Tom Walker", disappearing never to return a man's wife takes all their belonging of worthiness. In the story, "Rip Van
Winkle", a man tired of his wife is nagging, wanders off into the woods, vanishing for twenty years. In the story, "The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow", a man that goes by the name Broom Bones, brainwashed by womanly charm receives a rude
awakening when the woman's he cherishes picks a different man. Repeatedly, Washington Irving conceived as a woman
hater; this may or may not be true. In the story, "The Devil and Tom Walker", a man's wife takes all their belongings of
worthiness, disappearing never to return. More into the story, the man, Tom Walker, meet the devil, and the evil spirit
wanted him to sell his soul. Without a doubt, Tom would have made lots of money. Consequently, this offer went through
his head as he went back to his house. Once home, he told his wife about the encounter, she wanted him to take the
proposal. Once he heard this, all the thoughts running through his head jumped out. Fortunately, Tom disliked this woman
so much he now would not sell his soul to the evil, because she wanted him to. Therefore, with this the woman took it into
her own hands to get rich off selling her soul. Unfortunately, she took all their most valuable possession to the black evil
man in the woods. No doubt, the way Irving portrays the

Similarities Between Brom Bones And The Headless Horseman...
Similarities between Brom Bones and the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow
Introduction
Washington Irving is the author of the tale "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," that was written in the nineteenth century
(Baym 25). Irving was born in New York City on April 3rd, 1783 and was the last of eleven children. At home, Irving read
a wide range of English literature and delighted in many other writers, including Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, and
Laurence Sterne. In 1830 Irving bought and began refurbishing a house along the Hudson River near Tarrytown (Baym
25). The beginning of Irving's tale opens up with the description of the charming Hudson Valley region of Sleepy Hollow
near Tarrytown. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" represents a popular tale in Irving's book The Sketch Book. It's ghostly
tale that talks about a mysterious Headless Horseman that is said to be a Hessian trooper who lost his head in battle. It is
said that every night, the Headless Horseman roams the countryside in search of his head. There is an unlikely hero in this
tale named Ichabod Crane, but to the people of Sleepy Hollow the real hero is Brom Bones.
Article Analysis
There is nothing like the tale "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" with its interpretations and meanings that span far and wide.
Couser Thomas had his own theory about this tale. This critical article focuses on the similarities between the literary
interpretations of "The Ruined Garden of Wolfert Webber." and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." "The

Symbolism In John Irving's A Prayer For Owen Meany
Symbolism is often shown in John Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany through recurring topics such as armlessness. From
Owen amputating the armadillos claws, to Owen being obsessed with amputations in general, this topic foreshadows
Owen's death, and helps build the theme of destiny and fate. Irving uses armlessness to symbolize helplessness and loss of
something very important to a person. At the start of the novel, after Owen's foul ball killed Tabitha, John gives Owen his
armadillo to show Owen that he still loves him. When Owen returned the armadillo, the claws were missing because
Owen amputated them. Owen explains that Dan, John, and himself all lost a part of them just like the armadillo lost his
claws. Owen had meant to say that God had taken his hands and that he believed he was an instrument of God. "GOD
HAS TAKEN YOUR MOTHER. MY HANDS WERE THE INSTRUMENT. GOD HAS TAKEN MY HANDS. I AM
GOD'S INSTRUMENT." (90) Owen used his arms to throw the foul ball that killed Tabitha. He amputated the armadillo's
claws to show John and Dan that when they lost Tabitha, they both lost something important to them just as the claws of
an armadillo were important to the animal. This quote also foreshadows how Owen dies, and how God put him on the
Earth to fulfill a God–given task. As the novel continues, John recalls a memory of Owen and him having a sleepover. At
that sleepover Owen felt very sick, so he went to go ask John's mother, Tabitha for help. When Owen walked into

The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow
Introduction
Washington Irving, is the author of the tale "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," that was written in the nineteenth century
(Baym 25). Irving was born in New York City on April 3rd, 1783 and was the last of eleven children. At home, Irving read
a wide range of English literature and delighted in many other writers, including Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, and
Laurence Sterne. In 1830 Irving bought and began refurbishing a house along the Hudson River near Tarrytown (Baym
25). The beginning of Irving's tale opens up with the description of the charming Hudson Valley region of Sleepy Hollow
near Tarrytown. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" represents a popular tale in Irving's book, The Sketch Book (Baym 25).
It's ghostly tale that talks about a mysterious Headless Horseman that is said to be a Hessian trooper who lost his head by a
cannon ball during battle. It is said that every night the Headless Horseman roams the countryside in search of his head.
There is an unlikely hero in this tale named Ichabod Crane, but to the people of Sleepy Hollow the real hero is Brom
Bones.
Article Analysis
There is nothing like the tale "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" with its interpretations and meanings that span far and wide.
Couser Thomas had his own theory about this tale. This critical article focuses on the similarities between the literary
interpretations of "The Ruined Garden of Wolfert Webber." and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." "The Ruined Garden of
Wolfert Webber" was another

The Romantic American Male in Cooper’s Last of the...
Masculinity of the Romantic American Male in Cooper's Last of the Mohicans and Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow
James Fenimore Cooper's Last of the Mohicans and Washington Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow are valuable examples
of literary heavyweights of the Romantic era, but in addition, can also be used to chart sociological changes within the
male gender during pre–Romantic and Romantic years.
But because neither Cooper nor Irving's works should be distanced from their cultural backdrops when considering the
socially reflective nature of their work, exploring basic historical conditions surrounding the changing concepts of
masculinity can serve as a useful move.
Masculinity is primarily a social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Rotundo, the ideal man was one who ruled as head of his household, believed in "the crucial concept of
duty," and upheld stern Puritan religious of morality and social behavior (as the "pleasant, mild–mannered, devoted man
of the community"). This "good man" image seems to coincidentally parallel the English patriarchal gentleman of the
seventeenth century.
Social and economic changes around 1820 to 1860 stimulated the "Commercial Period," which produced two "distinct
spheres of influence: the business world of men and the private domestic world of women" (Grace 10). Instead of the
home being "a means of production," industry's influence was being felt for the first time, and with its arrival, men
became connected to the public realm more clearly, and conversely, women to the private realm (10).
But some of the changes also stemmed from politics of the day. At the time of the Revolutionary War, political upheaval
pitched American sons against American fathers, and England's social influence over her angered citizens began to wane
(Manhood 18). Michael Kimmel, author of Manhood in America: A Cultural History, comments on fledgling America's
disenchantment with British culture:
The American colonies had few noblemen, like Sir William Randolph, but they had plenty of substitutes, from upper–class
political elites to Dutch landed gentry [...]. There was a little tension between them and

Law Enforcement : A Sociological Phenomenon
In Law Enforcement there is a term called "Contagious shooting" this is has been described as a sociological phenomenon
observed in military and police Officers in the United States, in which one person firing on a target can induce others to do
the same, without any reason why. Often the subsequent shooters will not know why they are firing. This is because the
Officers get caught up in the moment. This is observed quite frequently in new officers, but has happened in veteran
officers as well.
So the mindset of officers in a situation such as this can be observed in Irving Janis's article about "Bystander Effect" or
"Abilene Paradox" type I. by the belief in the inherent Morality of the group". Often tensions are high in an agitated event,
where guns are the means of dealing with a hostel or life threatening situations. So the "Group Think" can be to protect
oneself or others. It's also important to understand that Police Departments have a tier based hierarchy. And that in its self
can cause officers to fire in response, if they observe a higher ranking officer show that level of force the by–standing
officers might feel it necessary to follow suit, so not to appear less confident or show signs of weakness.
It can be argued that the beginning of WWI was the result of "Contagious Shooting" but on a different scale. Since with
one shot "Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro–Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sofia." on 28
June 1914, triggering

Travis Bowman
I oftentimes find that competition fosters the closest of relationships. This was how I came to know my close friend and
classmate, Travis Bowman. I was 11 years old and had just moved to a new school. As a child, I was exceptionally shy. I
didn't stand out from my peers, and I had no experience in making new friends. I found that the friends I had before were
founded off my parents' friends' children, thus I felt quite alone. An area I did manage to shine in however, was my
academics. Upon moving to a new school, I felt threatened. My status as the class star was challenged by another. I did not
know how to deal with this situation. Should I consider him a mortal enemy and spend the next years competing against
him? Should I try to befriend ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most students seek to define themselves in the positions they gain, whether it is being president of a certain club or captain
of a sports team, but Travis is unique in that he sees leadership differently. He thinks that the best leaders are those who
are a part of their followers. He doesn't lead by being at the head of a crowd. He leads by walking with them, sometimes
lingering at the back to make sure everyone makes it. He is truly a man of the people. I have experienced this firsthand. I
am one of those typical high achievers. I have so many positions that it requires two hands to count them all, but I
frequently find that Travis does a far better job in leading. I am the student representative for the Governor's School
students at FCHS and it is my responsibility to keep everyone informed of events and bring any issues the students have to
administration. It is my job to help students wherever possible, yet I find that most student seek help and advice from
Travis. And I understand why. Travis makes everyone around him comfortable. He will go out of his way to be a helping–
hand, a confidant, a friend. He is incredibly trustworthy, loyal, and kind. Travis is the kind of person who brings everyone
up with

Annotated Bibliography Of Owen Meany As Atonement Figure
Annotated Bibliography
Weaver, J. Denny. "Owen Meany as atonement figure: how he saves." Christianity and Literature, vol. 60, no. 4, 2011, p.
613+. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=AONE&sw=w&u=21246_web&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA272444893&it=r&asid=8496c9a6a1d065cc890218f105807504.
Accessed 30 Sept. 2017.
Summary:
The novel leaves readers with a quandary, Haynes writes, that resonates with a deep question faced eventually by
everyone: How shall I respond to claims that God speaks directly to individuals, instructing them to behave in ways I
judge to be immoral? Stating that God issues commands for what appear to be immoral acts raises at least the perception,
and comes close to asserting, that God commands and controls evil as well as good. For satisfaction atonement, Jesus'
death is aimed at God or aimed Godward–the target of Jesus' death is God's honor or God's law. God's honor not only
needs the death, but God also arranges for Jesus to die to pay the debt to God's honor. The evil powers who oppose the
reign of God by killing Jesus–whether the devil, the mob, or the Romans–are the ones who are actually doing the will of
God, are doing God a favor by killing Jesus to provide the payment that God's honor or God's law demands. Since the
death of Jesus is also professed to be good and salvific, this image has God orchestrating both good and evil–salvation for
some of God's children depends on God directing the death of another of God's children. Weaver explains to the audience
how God answers to our call, how he knows how to heal us when we are hurting, and answers to the question of "Why did
Jesus have to die?" or "How does Jesus' death save?".
Reflection:
The reason why I picked this article because it talks about why Owen Meany had to die, and what did he save when he
died. God had a reason why Owen was put on the earth, and in order to save John and his other friends, he has to achieve a
goal from God.
Page, Philip. "Hero worship and hermeneutic dialectics: John Irving's 'A Prayer for Owen Meany.'." Mosaic: A journal for
the interdisciplinary study of literature, vol. 28, no. 3, 1995, p. 137+. Academic OneFile,

How am I a Romantic?
Dear 11th Grade Student, You may of heard of a time called the American Romanticism Period, but i'm sure you don't
know the whole story. The Romantic period was a time in history that symbolised Romance and different Characteristics
you might of felt in the stories. Some of the Characteristics might be Focus on an Individual, Supernatural, Intuition over
Fact, Imagination over Reason, Emphasis on Emotion, Love of Childhood, Awareness of Past, Belief in Democracy, and
Love of Nature. There were many books in this period that had these kinds of characteristics. Some of the Books might of
been "The Devil and Tom Walker" , "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" , and "Old Ironside". In this letter I will tell you all you
need to know about these stories and the Romantic Period. The first book i'm going to tell you about is " The Devil and
Tom Walker" . The name of the Author was Washington Irving's. Washington had a lot of Characteristics in his story, like
Love of Nature, Supernatural, and him Focusing on an Individual. The way he symbolised his love of nature in the story
was when he said "Beautiful dark Grove", in that line he talked about how beautiful the trees and bushes appeared in that
moment. Another way he show'd romanticism was when he talked about supernatural things, these things could be the
Devil or something that could really never happen. The way he show'd supernatural was when he said " The Devil
presided at the hiding of the money, and took it under his

Bernard Madoff Financial Scandal Controversy
Bernard Madoff Financial Scandal
I would first like to begin this paper by saying why I decide to chose this topic out of the 3 choices. I believe that all of the
choices were credible and a viable topic in their own regards, but the reason this one hit home for me was because of the
simplicity of the scandal. It's hard to believe that someone could have made off with the amount of money Bernard did
when the idea of a Ponzi scheme was notable as early as the 19th century, and was named after Charles Ponzi in 1920 after
his scandal created enough issues to make it more aware to the public of what was happening. The fact that this happened
almost 100 years later at the level that it did and where it happened made me extremely concerned and interested in the
topic. In this paper I will cover the details happening up to the scandal, the scandal itself, the people involved in the
scandal, the legislation and regulations implemented after the scandal, and my views on the outcome of the scandal.
Bernard Madoff was born April 29th, 1928 in Queens, New York. He grew up as a son of two Jewish parents, one of
which was a stockbroker. He graduated from Hofstra University in 1960 with a degree in Political Science and then moved
on to attend Brooklyn Law School where he dropped out to start and pursue his own company, Bernard L. Madoff
Investment Securities LLC.
The firm was started with an initial fund of $5,000, which was earned by Bernard working as a lifeguard and sprinkler

American Identity In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel...
The quintessential struggle for identity inundated the American people after the Revolutionary War; the country was faced
with the struggle of not only establishing a new government but also with the feat of defining America as a new country.
Many literary works and writings were crucial in facilitating the infant nation's journey in separating from the English
culture in order to create this unique American identity. This process of creating an American identity was not realized
with either ease or haste, and the concept of American identity altered and grew concurrently with the nation. Literary
figures portray different understandings of American identity, each perspective echoing the national reality at of the epoch
or expressing a visionary idea of American identity. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Washington Irving, both from around the
early nineteenth century, demonstrate the diversity that exists in the concept of the American identity, though this identity
is based in a similar truth. Neither Hawthorne nor Irving are wholly able to separate the concept of American identity from
the country's history and past, as although America is a new county, its origin lies in its Puritan and English heritage;
however, in his story "Rip Van Winkle" Irving only focuses on the muddled reality of a shaky and underdeveloped
American identity whereas in The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne portrays an unique American identity that has begun to grow
from the past while still being inseparable from

Safety And Security In Rip Van Winkie
America: The World's Safezone For years, America has been considered a safe zone for all of its residents. Europeans
came to America hundreds of years ago to escape religious persecution. Jewish people in Europe came to America in the
1900s to escape anti–Semetic violence. People from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador come to America to find
safety from drug violence and gangs in their countries. Therefore, America can be considered a home to anyone who needs
it. The idea of America being a place of safety and shelter, regardless of religion, race, or how someone chooses to live
their life is a huge part of America's identity, and various texts from the late 1700s and 1800s showcase this. The idea of
safety and protection in America is portrayed though symbolism in the short story titled Rip Van Winkle by Washington
Irving, also known as Diedrich Knickerbocker. In the text, Rip Van Winkle falls asleep for 20 years, only to realize that he
has woken up in a newly independent America. He returns to an inn he used to spend his time at before he falls asleep.
The narrator describes what he sees, saying, "Instead of the great tree that used to shelter the quiet little Dutch inn of yore,
there now was reared a tall, naked pole... and from it was fluttering a flag, on which was a singular assemblage of stars
and stripes..." (Irving 10). The tree that used to stand by the inn acted as a shelter for the inn, protecting it from harm's
way. The flag replacing it is symbolic of the

Confusion And Personal Identity In Rip Van Winkle Essay

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