The contribution of tourism to Small Economies and how the tourism sector can support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

1. Unlocking Tourism
Contribution for
Small Economies
WTO CTD – 33rd Session
Small Economies
12 July 2016, Geneva
Mrs. Zoritsa Urosevic
Representative to the UN at Geneva
World Tourism Organization
zurosevic@unwto.org

2. The promotion of
responsible, sustainable and
universally accessible
tourism.
“The fundamental aim of the
Organization shall be the
promotion and development
of tourism with a view to
contributing to
development,
economic
international
peace andunderstanding,
prosperity”
- UNWTO Statutes -
World Tourism Organization’s Mandate

3. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Tourism, UN definition for tourism statistics
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2016

4. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Tourism, third export earnings category in 2014
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2016

5. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Why tourism matters?

6. Tourism in the Global Development Agenda
“130. We emphasize that well-designed and managed tourism can
make a significant contribution to the three dimensions of sustainable
development, has close linkages to other sectors, and can create
decent jobs and generate trade opportunities (…)
131. We encourage the promotion of investment in sustainable
tourism….which may include creating small and medium sized
enterprises and facilitating access to finance, including through
microcredit initiatives for the poor, indigenous peoples and local
communities (…)”

7. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Target 8.9 – by 2030, devise
and implement policies to
promote sustainable tourism
that create jobs and promote
local culture and products.
Target 12b – develop and
implement tools to monitor
sustainable development
impacts for sustainable that
create jobs, promotelocal
and cultural and prodcuts.
Target 14.7 – by 2030
increase the economic
debenfits to SIDS and LDCs
from the sustainable use of
marine ressources, including
sustainable managment of
fisheries, aquaculture and
tourism

8. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
2015 Int. Tourism arrivals - World

9. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
2015 Tourism arrivals - World

10. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
2015, Highest growth for Carribbean, Oceania, Central America

11. Tourism towards 2030 trends/projection, World

12. Inbound tourism by region of destination International Tourist Arrivals, million
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
Middle East
Africa
source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)©
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030
744mn
204mn
150mn
50mn
61mn
475mn
535mn
248mn
Americas
149mn
2025
134mn
2030, Asia and the Pacific will gain most of the new arrivals

13. Tourism shares to increase for SEs?
1980 (277 mn)
2010 (940 mn)
2030 (1.8 bn)
Europe
63%
Asia and the
Pacific
8%
Americas
23%
Middle East
Africa 3%
3%
Middle East
6%
Europe
51%
Asia and the
Pacific
22%
Americas
16%
Africa
5%
Africa
7%
Americas
14%
Asia and the
Pacific
30%
Europe
41%
Middle East
8%
Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and Africa
to increase their shares

14. …..lack of real data, estimates by WTTC and Oxford Economics
Direct and indirect contribution of tourism to GDP in small
economies and the world in 2013
Source:WorldTravel & TourismCouncil(WTTC).

15. LDCs and SIDS tourism arrivals in 2015
Source : UNWTO, 2016

16. LDCS market share in 2015
Source : UNWTO, 2016

17. Tourism in SIDS – a key sector
UNWTO, 2013SIDS

18. OECD - WTO - UNWTO Report Conclusions
• Availability and quality of infrastructure plays a key role for
the development of the tourism sector …
… so does security in destination countries and the
smoothness of visa schemes.
• Major bottlenecks for growth
and for linking with global value chains:
 weak business environment,
 lack of access to finance and
 lack of access to skilled labor

19. Main operational difficulties for developing country suppliers
in tourism value chains
Source: OECD/WTO/UNWTO Questionnaire 2013.

20. Methodology for maximizing Sustainable Tourism positive impacts
http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/devcoengfinal.pdf
Analysing needs and defining
the most effective interventions
Uncovering opportunities and the
challenges to be addressed
Assessing capacities and skills
required at all levels
Assessing the current state
of affairs within the pillar
Five key pillars of sustainable tourism
1.
Tourism
Governan
ce and
Policy
2.
Trade, Investment
and
Competitiveness
3.
Employment,
Decent Work,
and Capacity
Building
4.
Socio-
economic
Dimension
– Poverty
Reduction
5.
Sustainability
of natural and
cultural
environment
Better understanding tourism: UNWTO and DEVCO
Looking at policies framework

21. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Tourism needs prioritized by LDCs (DTIS)
Source: UNWTO-EIF-ITC 2015 desk research of 47 EIF Countries with a DTIS,
based on the Joint UNWTO/EU 'Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook' (2013).

22. UNWTO and ITC, building the new paradigm

23. Tourismindustries Tourismindustries
Support Institutions: Ministry of Tourism, Trade, Commerce, Transport, Culture, Interior, Environment etc…
Trade Promotion Organization, Chamber of Commerce; Banks, Licensing, Standards, etc
Goods and Services
related topromotion
Promotional
activities, ICT,
banking,insurance
Communication,
press &media
Travel
organisationand
booking
AccommodationTransportation
Food &
Beverage
Creative
Industries
Tourism assets
in destination
Leisure,
excursions
andtours
Support
services
In origin and in transit on
the way to and from the
final destination(s)
Internet
Travel
Agent
Call
centres
Airline
Companie
s
Tour Operators & Wholesaler
Cars, boats, bikes
rental
Bus CO, trains,
tramways
TaxiCompanies
Seas and River Ferry
Informal
transportation
Hotels
Apartments
Guesthouse
Youthhostels
Bars&Restaurants
Night clubs
Fastfood
Itinerant foodshops
Kiosks
Foodsouvenirs
Handicrafts and Arts
shops
Creative industries,
music,dance
Artists, performers
etc
Culturalassets:
archaeology
communities,
ethnics,museums,
tourismattractions,
intangible cultural
assets (music,
dance,legends,
etc.), festivals,etc
Natural assets:
lakes, rivers,reefs
and mountains,
forests, speciesof
flora & fauna,etc.
Shows
Tourist guides
organizations
Independent tourist
guides
TourismPackages
Transports guides
andescorts
Wellness and SPAS
Informationcentres
Grocery shops/retail
outlet
Laundry
Security and bank
services
Internetcafes
Infrastructure Support
Construction
Material Energy Water Waste Education Communications
Public security and
health
DirecteconomicimpactsSupplies–Indirecteconomicimpacts
Involves Ministries
and National
institutions for
managementofall
assets
In thedestinationFrom origin to destination
Policies,Planning Goods andservices
supplies
Supplies,utilities
(PPP)
Site signals
Restoration
Management
Maintenance
TradeCompanies
Wholesalers and
single suppliers
Technology
shops/imports
Industrialfactories
OilStation
Equipment and
services forwellness
Goods and services
forguides
Brochures
production
Customs Office
PortAuthority
Ministry ofTransport
ImmigrationAgency
Cars, bikes, buses,
boats
Construction & Real Estate
Goods and services suppliers: textile, wood, food, environmental services,
ICT…
Furniture and equipmentsuppliers, including environmentaland res. Efficiency
and ICT equipment
Consumables
Foodfactories,
producers-rural
areas
Manufactures,
cottage industries
suppliers
Maintenance,Env.
Services
Storage &Distribution
Food and drinks
Handicrafts
suppliers suppliers,Books,
CD’s andDVD
Marketing & Sales
ICT
Value ChainPhases
Tourism Value Chain

24. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Why trade policies matter for tourism?
Source: UNWTO - Based on International Trade Center and World Tourism Organization (2015), Tourism and Trade: A global
agenda for sustainable development, ITC, Geneva

25. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Trade policies have an important role
…in building a competitive tourism sector
TRADE SIDE
How can trade ministers ensure that they factor tourism development
priorities appropriately into overall trade policies?
• Importance of services trade – an export diversification option for SE
• Understanding the complexity of the sector (eg: imports of goods AND
services in VC for tourism consumption – eg UNWTO-DEVCO Guidebook)
• Good statistics/data on tourism's economic importance
• Tourism included FULLY in national export strategies? Shape better trade
policies, including tourism
• How effectively do trade negotiations actually handle the tourism sector?
Problem of tourism definition under GATS;
• Lack of consultations with tourism sector; Use of checklists to ensure
coverage of linked sectors (VC)

26. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Trade policies have an important role
TOURISM
…in building a competitive tourism sector
SIDE
How can tourism ministers more effectively articulate to trade ministers
the ways in which the trade agenda might better contribute to the
tourism sector competitiveness?
• Shaping better tourism policies, including trade issues…
• Sustain by examples: Eg Visa policies/negotiations, Air transport , Tariffs,
NTMs,SPS…
• GATS: Eg: Human capital – immigration of workers at the destination level
• Tariffs: Eg Value chains/Imports of goods/Green technologies and
expertise leading to green growth)
• Investment/infrastructure

27. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
DIALOGUE - tourism and trade
What sorts of inter-governmental mechanisms are needed to ensure
coherence between trade, tourism, investment and development
objectives?
Examples of countries : Joint Tourism and trade portfolios (Australia,
Indonesia); All of Government approach Presidential councils or other
vehicles (Mexico)
• What sorts of mechanisms are needed to help the wide variety of
stakeholders in the tourism sector engage with the inter-related trade and
investment agendas in their national and regional economies?
• Trade/investment association…addressing Tourism and Trade ministries –
joint dialogue, Coalition of Services/Tourism industries
• NGOs promoting environmental protection, gender equality, etc.

28. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
A new paradigm for trade and tourism
Trade agreements and the trade negotiating process multilaterally, regionally and bilaterally can
contribute to positive outcomes in terms of tourism export earnings/increasing tourism exports and
building a more inclusive growth.
The new paradigm
• Bringing tourism and trade policy makers together – building better policies
• Creating public private dialogue – increasing competitiveness
• Making the new paradigm a reality , all of government approach with
agencies: (ITC-UNWTO-WTO) as catalyst to build the dialogue, eg:
developing tourism export strategies
• Coherent development bringing together all these considerations
• ITC / UNWTO partnership
• Delivering as One for Tourism SCTD (UNWTO-ITC-WTO-UNCTAD…)
• Catalysing more AfT for tourism: more resources for tourism
• Joint advocacy on tourism and trade at global level

29. On average, 1 € of Value Added in tourism related industries resultsin
56 % of VA in upsteam industries, distributed as follows
Upstream effects of tourism expenditures, source OECD TiVA

30. Two thirds of the activities of the United Nations system take
place in Geneva, making it a key centre of international co-operation
and multilateral negotiation. This is one of the reasons that the city is
often referred to as "International Geneva".
Around 9,500 staff work for the UN family in Geneva, which is the
largest concentration of UN personnel in the world.
Tourism & Development Assistance 2006-2013
0.09%**
0.4%*
0.7%
Tourism 2006-2013 :
of ODA shares - Official Development Assistance
of AfT shares - Aid forTrade
of OOF shares - Trade-related Other Official Flows
Source:
*WTO/OECDAid for Trade at a Glance2015
**OECD/DAC-CRS Creditor Reporting System UNWTO. (2015)

31. Leading to 2017: Int’l Year on Tourism for DevelopmentPartnerships for growth through tourism

32. 2017
declared by the United Nations
International Year of
Sustainable Tourism for Development
This is a unique opportunity to advance the relevance
of our sector in global and national agendas, we invite
you all to engage with UNWTO, make the most of this
opportunity and shine a spotlight on tourism!
Time for Global Action

33. Additional Ressources
Tourism and
Trade:Aglobal
agenda for
sustainable
development,
ITC, Geneva
Joint OECD-
WTO-UNWTO
monitoring
survey 2013
(partners and
donors
response)
Air connectivity
and its impact
on Tourism in
Asia and the
Pacific,
UNWTO
Tourism,
Investing in
energy and
resource
efficiency,
Chapter two
developed with
the World
Tourism
Organization
Tourism in
Small Island
Developing
States (SIDS),
UNWTO

34. Additional Ressources
• More publications :
http://publications.unwto.org
• United Nations World Tourism Organization :
http://www2.unwto.org/facts
• Affiliate Membership :
http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org
• 10Years Framework of Programmes
http://www.unep.org/10yfp/Programmes/ProgrammeConsultationandCurre
ntStatus/Sustainabletourism/tabid/106269/Default.aspx
• Visa facilitation
http://rcm.unwto.org/content/facilitation-tourist-travel

35. Additional Ressources
Outbound market studies
Forthcoming :
• United States / Canada
• Latina America / Brazil
• Russia and CIS

36. Additional Ressources
Outbound market ‘netnographic’ studies
based on the analysis of the blogosphere

37. Additional Ressources
Marketing
Handbooks
Forthcoming:
Key
performance
indicators
Health and
medical
tourism

38. Additional Ressources
Methodology / Best
Practice
Decision-Making process
of
Meetings, Congresses,
Conventions and
Incentives
Organizers
Exploring Health tourism
(wellness and medical)
to be discussed in
UNWTO
Competitiveness
Committee
and forthcoming round
table

39. Additional Ressources
Report prepared for European Commission available
at the Virtual Tourism Observatory at
https://ec.europa.eu/growth/toolsdatabases/
vto/documents?field_type_tid=9040
With RPAP and the Global Tourism Economy Research
Centre (GTERC) in Macau, first issued in 2014, 2015
edition in preparation, available in UNWTO elibrary at
www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284416301

40. Additional Ressources

41. Zoritsa Urosevic
Representative of the World Tourism
Organization at the United Nations in Geneva
UNWTO
UNWTO LiaisonOffice
54-56 Rue de Montbrillant
1202 Geneva, Switzerland
Phone : Tel: +41227300273
zurosevic@unwto.org
www.unwto.org