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History  &  Evolution  of  
Bangladesh  Internet	
Sumon Ahmed Sabir
sumon@fiberathome.net
Technology evolution & Growth
User experience & Usage Trend
Policy Impact
Time  Line	
•  1993-1996 Off line Email Era
(UUCP)
•  1996 VSAT Based Internet
Service
•  1996-2002 Dial Up Internet
•  2000 First HFC Deployed in
Dhaka
•  2001-2005 xDSL Service
•  2005 SANOG IV
•  2002-2008 Cybercafé and
Ethernet based local provider
mushroomed
•  2004 BDIX starts
•  2005-Optical Fiber based
Connectivity starts for Metro
•  2005 GPRS/Edge started
•  2006 SMW-4 starts
•  2008 ILDTS Policy (IIG/IGW/
ICX)
•  2008 Formation of BDCERT
(Bangladesh Computer
Emergency Response Team
•  2008 IPTSP(IP Telephony
Service launched by ISPs)
•  2009 WiMAX starts
•  2009 NTTN appears in value
chain
•  2009 FTTH Deployment starts
•  2013 3G Roll out begins
Old  Days(UUCP  Mail)	
#  /usr/sbin/uucico  –DSuunet  –x3  &	
	
Sendmail  as  UUCP  Mail  Exchanger	
PPPD  and  SLIP  to  accept  User  Connection	
Typical  connection  time:  Less  than  a  minute	
UUNET  and  Singnet  were  
the  default  destination	
Eudora  was  the  most  
popular  Email  Client
Old  Days(1993-­‐‑1996)	
•  Drik
•  Prodeshta
•  BDMAIL(now BracNet)
•  Agni
•  BDNET
•  BDCOM
•  Kaifnet
•  Proshika
Email  Charge:  2Taka/Kilo  Byte	
Typical  Email  Size:  less  than  2KB
First  Internet  in  
Bangladesh	
•  June 6, 1996
Information Services
Network Limited (ISN)
first launched Internet
Service using VSAT
•  Followed by Grameen
Cybernet in next month.
•  Gradually all followed
and a mushroom
growth in the number of
ISPs observed between
1996 to 2002
Dial  up  Internet	
•  Charge: 3Tk/Min
•  64 kbps VSAT rent: 8000$/Month
Primary  
Application  was  
Email	
Routing:  
Default  Static  
Route
ISP  POP  in  Dialup  Era	
•  Popular Hardware:
o  Router: Cisco 2501
o  VSAT Modem: Comtech
o  Access Server: Lucent Portmaster, Cisco
3600
o  Modem: US Robotics Sportstar
Telephone  Lines  for  ISPs  were  precious  
resources	
	
ISPs  spent  avg  BDT  40k/Telephone  Line
BTTB  comes  in  the  Picture	
•  BTTB(now BTCL) started Dialup Internet Service in
1999
•  Being the only telephone operator gained a major
market share
•  ISPs considered it as a major threat for there
business
•  Total number of subscribers in BTTB were around 25k
.bd  ccTLD  2000	
•  .bd ccTLD starts serving around 2000
•  Country got its own identity in the domain name,
maintained by incumbent BTTB(Now BTCL)
•  Unfortunately become one of the most poorly
maintained ccTLD
•  Does not support IPv6
•  Not signed yet
•  One of the server still running bind version 4
•  No mirror in any second co-location
•  Does not maintain at least 5 basic
recommendations by IANA
HFC/xDSL/Radio  2001  	
•  Unbundling copper didn’t happened in Bangladesh
nor the incumbent offered ADSL.
•  Due to growing demand of high speed connectivity
ISPs started deploying their own copper wire over
the electric poles. Some deployed Hybrid Fiber
Coax(HFC)
•  Links went upto 4 to 6 km with a speed of 2 to 8
mbps
•  Within 2/3 years electric poles become jungles of
color full copper wires.
•  Ethernet Radio’s came to picture that time to
connect remote offices and ISP POP’s.
Cybercafés  2002-­‐‑	
•  Cybercafé's started to be visible in the every corner
of the city
•  Gradually extended their Ethernet to the
neighboring areas and started operating like local
ISPs
•  Before proliferation of mobile Internet they played a
major role for Internet access for many people
Motivation  for  an  IX	
•  All ISPs were using VSAT for IP Transit
•  Each ISP was like an island.
•  Latency to Singapore was around 550ms whereas
having broadband, latency to next door ISPs were
above 1000ms
•  Need for an Internet Exchange Point felt badly
•  Many initiative taken but didn’t worked out
Why  IX?	
ISP1	
ISP2	
 ISP3	
 ISP4	
 IPS5	
IPS6	
IX
BDIX  2004	
•  Started in August 2004
•  BDIX reduced the latency to
5ms for local traffic
•  People started to experience
what broadband is……
BDIX  Traffic	
August  13  ,  2008	
 March  10,  2010	
November  2,  2010	
 May  22,  2014
SANOG  IV  2004	
•  SANOG first time came to Bangladesh in 2004
•  First time Internet engineers in Bangladesh got
exposure to the peoples who have great
contribution building todays Internet
•  Boys and Girls learned the Industry Best Practices
•  Created a bridge between APNIC and local
industry
SANOG  IV  2004	
•  After SANOG IV it came back to Bangladesh Again
o  2008
o  2010
o  2013
Metro  Ethernet/FTTx  2005	
•  xDSL services didn’t sustained for long. As overhead
cables are prone to electric surge and
Thunderstorm. Many ISP’s lost there whole setup or a
part in a stormy night.
•  Stealing ISPs copper cable become a side business
for few people
Metro  Ethernet/FTTx  2005	
•  ISPs had no options but going for Fiber to the
building
•  Leaving Japanese and Korean cities apart
probably Dhaka has the largest number of houses
connected with fiber
•  Initially Fiber terminated to Ethernet Switch/Media
Converter, now gradually migrating to GPON and
GEPON
Copper  =>  Fiber
Mobile  Internet  2005	
•  ISPs were mostly concentrated in Dhaka City and few
other Big Cities. Rest of the country was out of Internet
reach.
•  In 2005 Mobile network was covering almost every part
of the country.
•  Introduction of Mobile Internet in the form of GPRS/
EDGE/CDMA-1x brings most of the population under
Internet coverage.
•  Introduces mobility
•  Soon become the most popular means of Internet
access
•  Still more than 75% of Internet users depend on this
•  Interestingly till now most of the mobile operators
avoiding the IX.
SMW-­‐‑4  2006	
•  Preparing to connect
with SMW-4
Inception  of  SMW-­‐‑4	
•  Cable  inaugurated  in  Bangladesh  in  
October  2005	
•  Internet  Service  Activated  on  May  20,  
2006  	
•  Initially  with  a  STM-­‐‑1  link  from  MCI  	
•  Improvements	
•  Latency  comes  down  from  900ms  to  
200ms(US)	
•  Second  STM1  to  Singapore  brought  
down  the  latency  to  60ms  up  to  
Singapore  	
•  Significantly  improved  the  quality  of  
services	
•  But  frequent  Fiber  cut  in  land  and  wet  
segment  force  everyone  to  have  their  
costly  VSAT  as  it  is.	
SANOG  BGP  Workshop  came  
to  use  when  most  of  the  ISPs  
become  Multi-­‐‑Homed	
	
APNIC  noticed  sudden  jump  
in  the  membership  numbers
ILTDS  Policy  2007	
•  In 2006 BTRC was in a process of issuing VoIP license,
But government change in 2007 reversed
everything
•  International Long Distance Telecommunication
Services Policy 2007 appears
•  Resulted three new artificial entity IIG, IGW and ICX
•  It also created IPTSP, Call Center and NIX licensing
•  Caused a permanent damage in Telecom and ICT
environment
•  Resulted amendment in 2010 and made the
damage irrecoverable, created a new entity VSP
ILDTS  Policy  2007
IPTSP  License  2008/9	
•  ILTDS Policy bared ISPs from doing International VoIP
but issues a license to operate domestic voice over
IP network
•  Now many corporates, Banks, Call Centers are
dependent on IP Telephony for there regular voice
communication and leveraging the Smart features
offered by the IP Telephony providers.
•  Though it didn’t picked up as home phone mostly
due to power unavailibility
Cyber  Incidents  and  
Cyber  Security	
•  SMW-4 make higher bandwidth affordable
•  It also opens the door for more and more cyber
incidents, security risks
•  ISPs started to get complains regularly on
o  Phishing sites
o  Spamming
o  BOTS
o  DDOS attacks
•  There were no organized group to help
•  Bangladesh Computer Emergency Team(BDCERT)
evolved to coordinate and support local and
International community
BDCERT  2008	
BDCERT  is  formed  by  
few  motivated  
individuals  from  all  the  
sectors	
•  Since  inception  
BDCERT  is  doing  
incident  response	
•  Conducting  
Security  workshops  
almost  every  year  
which  includes  all  
the  stake  holders  
including  Law  
enforcing  agencies
WiMAX  License  2009	
•  One of the Most High valued license issued issued in
2009 to three WiMAX operators. Two goes online
•  It was a major value addition for the Mobile Internet
Users
•  But they are now almost forced to move to LTE as
WiMAX becoming a legacy
NTTN  appears  in  the  
value  chain:  2009	
•  In absence of underground fiber, streets become
jungle of fiber replacing the xDSL copper wire.
•  Long haul capacity were over priced by telco’s.
•  Creates opportunity for common backbone
provider
NTTN  appears  in  the  
value  chain:  2009	
•  Presently two NTTN operators has more than 6000km
of long haul fiber connecting all the major cities
•  Covering important areas of major metro’s
•  Proving Dark Fiber, MPLS, SDH, GPON, 3G/2G Back
haul for the ISPs and Telco’s
ISOC  Dhaka  Chapter  2011	
•  ISOC Dhaka Chapter rejuvenated in 2011
•  Since then ISOC Dhaka Chapter contributing by
doing workshops, seminars, round tables and other
activities
Terrestrial  Connectivity  	
Delhi
Kolkata
Hyderabad
Bangalore
Cochin
Chennai
IMEWE
TGN Eurasia
SEA-ME-WE3
Mumbai
SEA-ME-WE4
SMW3
SAFE
SMW4
TIC
I2I
Cox’s Bazar
SMW4
ITC  Operators  Enter  
Market  2012	
•  Long awaited redundancy for SMW-4 cable become
available in 2012 in the form of ITC.
•  Six International Terrestrial Cable (ITC) Licenses issued by
BTRC
•  All Six operators are connected with Indian ILD operators
at (Bharti Airtel & Tata Communications) Benapole
border
•  Along with SMW-4 cable we have got access to I2I, TIC,
IMEWE, SMW-3 and few other cables
•  Uptime sensitive business like call center and others first
time got opportunity to flourish
•  At present half of the total Internet Traffic (75GBPS)
passes via ITC(40 GBPS)
3G/LTE  Roll  out  2013	
•  3G takes off in Bangladesh in October 2013 after a
3 years long debate on license fees
•  Just passed the teething period
•  Now available in all the district towns
•  People leaving in the small towns eagerly waiting
for 3G to be deployed as FTTH there is a long way to
go
2nd  Submarine  Cable  2013	
•  BSCCL signed for SMW-5 submarine cable System
•  Probable activation on 2016
•  Will reduce dependency to terrestrial cables in India
Broadband  now	
A  leaflet  from  small  area  based  ISP
Policy  and  Regulatory  
Impacts	
•  Illegal Call Termination via Internet begins in 1998
o  Since then it has a huge impact in the Internet industry in Bangladesh
o  One of the root cause of mushroom growth of ISPs
o  Corrupted the whole Internet and telecom value chain
o  People from every discipline got involved in it
o  Still more than 40% of International Voice Call comes via illegal call
termination
•  Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission
formed in 2002
o  Illegal Call Termination still a major challenge for BTRC
o  Policies taken by BTRC heavily impacted the growth of Internet. Some
times in the positive direction, some times otherwise
Capacity  Building  &  
Peering	
•  Apart from SANOG
o  APNIC with collaboration from ISPAB and ISOC Dhaka conducting Series
of training workshop
o  ISPAB Has its own training and awareness programs
o  BDCERT doing regular security workshop and awareness campaign
•  And now its BDNOG
o  Starting its journey with this BDNOG1 conference
o  Seeks collaboration from everyone to make contribution to build a better
Internet in Bangladesh
History and Evolution of Bangladesh Internet

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History and Evolution of Bangladesh Internet

  • 1. History  &  Evolution  of   Bangladesh  Internet Sumon Ahmed Sabir sumon@fiberathome.net
  • 2. Technology evolution & Growth User experience & Usage Trend Policy Impact
  • 3. Time  Line •  1993-1996 Off line Email Era (UUCP) •  1996 VSAT Based Internet Service •  1996-2002 Dial Up Internet •  2000 First HFC Deployed in Dhaka •  2001-2005 xDSL Service •  2005 SANOG IV •  2002-2008 Cybercafé and Ethernet based local provider mushroomed •  2004 BDIX starts •  2005-Optical Fiber based Connectivity starts for Metro •  2005 GPRS/Edge started •  2006 SMW-4 starts •  2008 ILDTS Policy (IIG/IGW/ ICX) •  2008 Formation of BDCERT (Bangladesh Computer Emergency Response Team •  2008 IPTSP(IP Telephony Service launched by ISPs) •  2009 WiMAX starts •  2009 NTTN appears in value chain •  2009 FTTH Deployment starts •  2013 3G Roll out begins
  • 4. Old  Days(UUCP  Mail) #  /usr/sbin/uucico  –DSuunet  –x3  & Sendmail  as  UUCP  Mail  Exchanger PPPD  and  SLIP  to  accept  User  Connection Typical  connection  time:  Less  than  a  minute UUNET  and  Singnet  were   the  default  destination Eudora  was  the  most   popular  Email  Client
  • 5. Old  Days(1993-­‐‑1996) •  Drik •  Prodeshta •  BDMAIL(now BracNet) •  Agni •  BDNET •  BDCOM •  Kaifnet •  Proshika Email  Charge:  2Taka/Kilo  Byte Typical  Email  Size:  less  than  2KB
  • 6. First  Internet  in   Bangladesh •  June 6, 1996 Information Services Network Limited (ISN) first launched Internet Service using VSAT •  Followed by Grameen Cybernet in next month. •  Gradually all followed and a mushroom growth in the number of ISPs observed between 1996 to 2002
  • 7. Dial  up  Internet •  Charge: 3Tk/Min •  64 kbps VSAT rent: 8000$/Month Primary   Application  was   Email Routing:   Default  Static   Route
  • 8. ISP  POP  in  Dialup  Era •  Popular Hardware: o  Router: Cisco 2501 o  VSAT Modem: Comtech o  Access Server: Lucent Portmaster, Cisco 3600 o  Modem: US Robotics Sportstar Telephone  Lines  for  ISPs  were  precious   resources ISPs  spent  avg  BDT  40k/Telephone  Line
  • 9. BTTB  comes  in  the  Picture •  BTTB(now BTCL) started Dialup Internet Service in 1999 •  Being the only telephone operator gained a major market share •  ISPs considered it as a major threat for there business •  Total number of subscribers in BTTB were around 25k
  • 10. .bd  ccTLD  2000 •  .bd ccTLD starts serving around 2000 •  Country got its own identity in the domain name, maintained by incumbent BTTB(Now BTCL) •  Unfortunately become one of the most poorly maintained ccTLD •  Does not support IPv6 •  Not signed yet •  One of the server still running bind version 4 •  No mirror in any second co-location •  Does not maintain at least 5 basic recommendations by IANA
  • 11. HFC/xDSL/Radio  2001   •  Unbundling copper didn’t happened in Bangladesh nor the incumbent offered ADSL. •  Due to growing demand of high speed connectivity ISPs started deploying their own copper wire over the electric poles. Some deployed Hybrid Fiber Coax(HFC) •  Links went upto 4 to 6 km with a speed of 2 to 8 mbps •  Within 2/3 years electric poles become jungles of color full copper wires. •  Ethernet Radio’s came to picture that time to connect remote offices and ISP POP’s.
  • 12. Cybercafés  2002-­‐‑ •  Cybercafé's started to be visible in the every corner of the city •  Gradually extended their Ethernet to the neighboring areas and started operating like local ISPs •  Before proliferation of mobile Internet they played a major role for Internet access for many people
  • 13. Motivation  for  an  IX •  All ISPs were using VSAT for IP Transit •  Each ISP was like an island. •  Latency to Singapore was around 550ms whereas having broadband, latency to next door ISPs were above 1000ms •  Need for an Internet Exchange Point felt badly •  Many initiative taken but didn’t worked out
  • 14. Why  IX? ISP1 ISP2 ISP3 ISP4 IPS5 IPS6 IX
  • 15. BDIX  2004 •  Started in August 2004 •  BDIX reduced the latency to 5ms for local traffic •  People started to experience what broadband is……
  • 16. BDIX  Traffic August  13  ,  2008 March  10,  2010 November  2,  2010 May  22,  2014
  • 17. SANOG  IV  2004 •  SANOG first time came to Bangladesh in 2004 •  First time Internet engineers in Bangladesh got exposure to the peoples who have great contribution building todays Internet •  Boys and Girls learned the Industry Best Practices •  Created a bridge between APNIC and local industry
  • 18. SANOG  IV  2004 •  After SANOG IV it came back to Bangladesh Again o  2008 o  2010 o  2013
  • 19. Metro  Ethernet/FTTx  2005 •  xDSL services didn’t sustained for long. As overhead cables are prone to electric surge and Thunderstorm. Many ISP’s lost there whole setup or a part in a stormy night. •  Stealing ISPs copper cable become a side business for few people
  • 20. Metro  Ethernet/FTTx  2005 •  ISPs had no options but going for Fiber to the building •  Leaving Japanese and Korean cities apart probably Dhaka has the largest number of houses connected with fiber •  Initially Fiber terminated to Ethernet Switch/Media Converter, now gradually migrating to GPON and GEPON
  • 22. Mobile  Internet  2005 •  ISPs were mostly concentrated in Dhaka City and few other Big Cities. Rest of the country was out of Internet reach. •  In 2005 Mobile network was covering almost every part of the country. •  Introduction of Mobile Internet in the form of GPRS/ EDGE/CDMA-1x brings most of the population under Internet coverage. •  Introduces mobility •  Soon become the most popular means of Internet access •  Still more than 75% of Internet users depend on this •  Interestingly till now most of the mobile operators avoiding the IX.
  • 23. SMW-­‐‑4  2006 •  Preparing to connect with SMW-4
  • 24. Inception  of  SMW-­‐‑4 •  Cable  inaugurated  in  Bangladesh  in   October  2005 •  Internet  Service  Activated  on  May  20,   2006   •  Initially  with  a  STM-­‐‑1  link  from  MCI   •  Improvements •  Latency  comes  down  from  900ms  to   200ms(US) •  Second  STM1  to  Singapore  brought   down  the  latency  to  60ms  up  to   Singapore   •  Significantly  improved  the  quality  of   services •  But  frequent  Fiber  cut  in  land  and  wet   segment  force  everyone  to  have  their   costly  VSAT  as  it  is. SANOG  BGP  Workshop  came   to  use  when  most  of  the  ISPs   become  Multi-­‐‑Homed APNIC  noticed  sudden  jump   in  the  membership  numbers
  • 25. ILTDS  Policy  2007 •  In 2006 BTRC was in a process of issuing VoIP license, But government change in 2007 reversed everything •  International Long Distance Telecommunication Services Policy 2007 appears •  Resulted three new artificial entity IIG, IGW and ICX •  It also created IPTSP, Call Center and NIX licensing •  Caused a permanent damage in Telecom and ICT environment •  Resulted amendment in 2010 and made the damage irrecoverable, created a new entity VSP
  • 27. IPTSP  License  2008/9 •  ILTDS Policy bared ISPs from doing International VoIP but issues a license to operate domestic voice over IP network •  Now many corporates, Banks, Call Centers are dependent on IP Telephony for there regular voice communication and leveraging the Smart features offered by the IP Telephony providers. •  Though it didn’t picked up as home phone mostly due to power unavailibility
  • 28. Cyber  Incidents  and   Cyber  Security •  SMW-4 make higher bandwidth affordable •  It also opens the door for more and more cyber incidents, security risks •  ISPs started to get complains regularly on o  Phishing sites o  Spamming o  BOTS o  DDOS attacks •  There were no organized group to help •  Bangladesh Computer Emergency Team(BDCERT) evolved to coordinate and support local and International community
  • 29. BDCERT  2008 BDCERT  is  formed  by   few  motivated   individuals  from  all  the   sectors •  Since  inception   BDCERT  is  doing   incident  response •  Conducting   Security  workshops   almost  every  year   which  includes  all   the  stake  holders   including  Law   enforcing  agencies
  • 30. WiMAX  License  2009 •  One of the Most High valued license issued issued in 2009 to three WiMAX operators. Two goes online •  It was a major value addition for the Mobile Internet Users •  But they are now almost forced to move to LTE as WiMAX becoming a legacy
  • 31. NTTN  appears  in  the   value  chain:  2009 •  In absence of underground fiber, streets become jungle of fiber replacing the xDSL copper wire. •  Long haul capacity were over priced by telco’s. •  Creates opportunity for common backbone provider
  • 32. NTTN  appears  in  the   value  chain:  2009 •  Presently two NTTN operators has more than 6000km of long haul fiber connecting all the major cities •  Covering important areas of major metro’s •  Proving Dark Fiber, MPLS, SDH, GPON, 3G/2G Back haul for the ISPs and Telco’s
  • 33. ISOC  Dhaka  Chapter  2011 •  ISOC Dhaka Chapter rejuvenated in 2011 •  Since then ISOC Dhaka Chapter contributing by doing workshops, seminars, round tables and other activities
  • 34. Terrestrial  Connectivity   Delhi Kolkata Hyderabad Bangalore Cochin Chennai IMEWE TGN Eurasia SEA-ME-WE3 Mumbai SEA-ME-WE4 SMW3 SAFE SMW4 TIC I2I Cox’s Bazar SMW4
  • 35. ITC  Operators  Enter   Market  2012 •  Long awaited redundancy for SMW-4 cable become available in 2012 in the form of ITC. •  Six International Terrestrial Cable (ITC) Licenses issued by BTRC •  All Six operators are connected with Indian ILD operators at (Bharti Airtel & Tata Communications) Benapole border •  Along with SMW-4 cable we have got access to I2I, TIC, IMEWE, SMW-3 and few other cables •  Uptime sensitive business like call center and others first time got opportunity to flourish •  At present half of the total Internet Traffic (75GBPS) passes via ITC(40 GBPS)
  • 36. 3G/LTE  Roll  out  2013 •  3G takes off in Bangladesh in October 2013 after a 3 years long debate on license fees •  Just passed the teething period •  Now available in all the district towns •  People leaving in the small towns eagerly waiting for 3G to be deployed as FTTH there is a long way to go
  • 37. 2nd  Submarine  Cable  2013 •  BSCCL signed for SMW-5 submarine cable System •  Probable activation on 2016 •  Will reduce dependency to terrestrial cables in India
  • 38. Broadband  now A  leaflet  from  small  area  based  ISP
  • 39. Policy  and  Regulatory   Impacts •  Illegal Call Termination via Internet begins in 1998 o  Since then it has a huge impact in the Internet industry in Bangladesh o  One of the root cause of mushroom growth of ISPs o  Corrupted the whole Internet and telecom value chain o  People from every discipline got involved in it o  Still more than 40% of International Voice Call comes via illegal call termination •  Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission formed in 2002 o  Illegal Call Termination still a major challenge for BTRC o  Policies taken by BTRC heavily impacted the growth of Internet. Some times in the positive direction, some times otherwise
  • 40. Capacity  Building  &   Peering •  Apart from SANOG o  APNIC with collaboration from ISPAB and ISOC Dhaka conducting Series of training workshop o  ISPAB Has its own training and awareness programs o  BDCERT doing regular security workshop and awareness campaign •  And now its BDNOG o  Starting its journey with this BDNOG1 conference o  Seeks collaboration from everyone to make contribution to build a better Internet in Bangladesh