2. What is plant tissue?
A cellular organization between a single cell
and a complete organism is controlled by the
tissue. They are the collection of similar cells,
with specific function. A collection of tissue
gives rise to an organ. A tissue is a simple,
which may be single celled type or a complex
cell type.
3. A plant tissue can be defined as a cell
or a group of cells dividing, to give rise
to large number of cell, which is
collectively referred as tissues. They
are structurally and functionally similar
to these cells.
4. The two types of plant
tissue:
Meristematic
Permanent
5. Meristematic Tissues
Meristematic tissues are cells or group of cells
that have the ability to divide. These tissues in
a plant consist of small, densely packed cells
that can keep dividing to form new cells.
Meristems give rise to permanent tissues.
6. Characteristics of Meristematic
tissues :
the cells are small,
the cells walls are thin,
cells have large nuclei,
vacuoles are absent or very small, and
there are no intercellular spaces.
7.
8. Types of Meristematic tissues:
Terminal or Apical meristems
Intercalary meristems
Lateral meristems
9. Terminal or Apical Meristem
Located at the tips of roots and stems.
Responsible for establishing patterns
and producing new, genetically healthy
cells.
10. Intercalary Meristem
Portions of apical meristem separated from
the apex during development.
Lies below the node and at the base of stem
of grasses.
Disappear when transformed into Permanent
tissue.
12. Permanent Tissues
These tissues are derived from meristematic
tissues. They have lost the power of dividing,
having attained their definite form and size. In
their earlier stages the cells are more or less
similar in structure but slowly they become
specialized and form permanent tissues. They
can be classified into simple and complex.
13.
14. The 3 types of simple
permanent tissues:
Surface or Protective / Dermis
Fundamental or Supportive /
Epidermis or Periderm
Vascular / Conductive
15. Surface or Protective / Dermis
Covers the body of the plant.
Responsible for absorption of
water and minerals, secretion of
cuticle, protection against
Herbivores, controls gas
exchange.
Have few intercellular spaces.
16. Composition of Protective or
Dermis :
1. Cuticle
Composed of fatty materials, water proof cutin.
Covered by Epicuticular wax
Outer covering of leaves, particularly the upper
surface.
Protects the plant for Dessication and microbes.
17. 2. Epidermal cells
In leaves and young green stems, the only
intercellular spaces are the stomata surrounded
by guard cells.
3. Trichomes
Unicellular or Multicellular outgrowths from the
epidermal
Responsible for nutrition and absorption and
protection from herbivores and humans.
18. Fundamental / Supportive
Form the bulk of the softer part of
plants.
Includes the pith and cortex of stem,
Leaf tissues except for epidermis and
the major portion of fruits.
Responsible for storage, basic
metabolism and support.
19. 3 types of Fundamental /
Supportive :
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
20. Parenchyma
Greek,para, beside; en+chein, to pour
in.
Most common and most abundant
plant tissues.
Occur in all organs of higher plants.
Have long-protoplast, large vacuoles,
and thin walls.
21. Types of Parenchyma Cells:
1. Clorenchyma cells
Contains chloroplast for photosynthesis.
2. Aerenchyma cells
Parenchyma with prominent intercellular
spaces to improve gas exchange and
provide maximum support.
Found in spongy layer of the leaf.
22. 3. Transfer Cells
Parenchyma specialized for short-
distance transport of solutes.
Occur in areas of high solute
transport along the conducting cells
of xylem and phloem.
23. Collenchyma
Greek, kolla, glue
Composed of elongated cells with unevenly
thickened stretchable cell walls.
Cells are often in strands or as cylinders
beneath the Epidermis.
Support the growing regions of the shoot –
expanding the leaves, petiole and elongating
stems.
24. Sclerenchyma
Greek, skleros, hard
Composed of rigid cells with thick
unstretchable cell walls.
Occur in all mature type of plants, usually
dead at maturity.
Support the non-extending regions of plant.
25. Types of Sclerenchyma:
1. Sclereids
Relatively short cells with variable shapes.
Usually occur in singly or in small groups.
2. Fibers
Long, slender cells with sufficient tensile strength.
Occur in strands or in bundles.
26. Vascular / Conductive
Composed of several kinds of cells that
differ in structure and in function.
Specialized for long-distance transport
of water and dissolved solutes.
Contains transfer cells, secretory cells
and fibers.
27. Phloem
Greek, phlois, bark
Principal food conductive tissue in vascular
plants.
Transports dissolved organic materials in all
directions throughout the plant.
Materials move under a positive pressure.
28. Composition of Phloem
1. Primary Phloem
Differentiates from procambium.
Have primary cell wall that are not highly
modified.
Could be protophloem (located in elongating
region) or metaphloem (located in non-
elongating region)
29. 2. Secondary Phloem
Constitutes he inner layer of the bark.
3. Conductive cells in phloem
Called sieves elements.
Lack nucleus and alive at maturity.
Have thin primary cell wall provided with sieve
areas perforated by sieve pores.
Sieve cells, more primitive that sieve tube
members, long and have tapered, overlapping
ends.
30. sieve tubes members, more
evolutionary advanced; shorter and
wider, arranged from end-to-end,
have larger sieve areas, associated
with at least one companion cell
which helps regulate the loading and
unloading of carbohydrates.
31. Xylem
Greek, xylos, wood
Principal water conducting tissue in vascular
plant.
Transports water upward from the roots up to
the leaves.
Water moves under a negative pressure.
32. Composition of Xylem
1. Primary xylem
Differentiates from procambium
Have secondary cell that are highly modified
Could be protoxylem(located in elongating region) or
metaxylem (located in non-elongating region)
2. Secondary xylem
Commonly called “wood”
Cells are more abundant and in different
frequencies.
33. 3. Conducting cells in xylem
Elongated, dead cells with thick, lignified cell wall
Tracheid, the most primitive and least specialized;
long slender cells with tapered, overlapping ends,
have fiber-tracheids (fiber-like cells) for support, the
only water-conducting cells in gymnospserms.
Vessel elements, more evolutionary advanced than
tracheids; shorter and wider, arranged end-to-end,
found in angiosperms.
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37. Thank you for
listening !
Members:
Agunos, Felmar J.
Per, Danica
Linco, Mary Margaret
Briones, Rechelle
Berganio, Marivic