This document provides a history of Pakistan's political leadership and constitutional developments from 1947 to 2008. It summarizes the country's prime ministers, presidents, martial laws, and constitutions. Key events include the Objectives Resolution of 1949, the constitutions of 1956, 1962, and 1973, and amendments made over time. Election processes for the National Assembly and Senate are also outlined.

2. Optimists Hafiz M. HammadNomani UmazHussnain M. Iqbal ImranJavid Taufeeq Khalid Anjum Ali M. HaroonShakeel

3. Optimists

5. History at a Glance

6. Liaquat Ali Khan 15 Aug Prime Minister Ghulam Muhammad 17 Oct Governor General ChaudharyMuhhammad Ali 12 Aug Prime Minister Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 Aug Governor General Muhammad Ali Bogra 17 Apr Prime Minister Iskander Ali Mirza 06 Oct Governor General KhawajaNazimuddin 14 Sep Governor General KhawajaNazimuddin 17 Oct Prime Minister >> 1947 1948 1951 1953 1955

7. Husain ShaheedSuharwardy Sep Prime Minister MalikFeeroz Khan 16 Dec Prime Minister Muhammad Ayub Khan 27 Oct Chief Marshal Law Presidential Election 02 Jan Iskander Ali Mirza 23 Mar President Ibrahim Ismail Chundigar 17 Oct Prime Minister Agha Muhammad Yahya khan 25 Mar President 06 Sep Indo-Pak War 07 Oct 1st Marshal Law Mar 23 1st Constitution Mar 25 2nd Marshal Law Mar 23, 1962 2nd Constitution >> 1956 1957 1958 1965 1969

8. FazalElahiChaudhry 14 Aug President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 20 Dec Civil chief Marshal Administrator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 16 Sep Chief Marshal Law Muhammad khan Junejo 23 Mar Prime Minister NurulAmmin 07 Dec Prime Minister PNA Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 14 Aug Prime Minister 1st General Election Oct Separation Of East Pakistan 16 Dec 2nd General Election 07 Mar 3rd General Election 25 Feb 14 Aug 3rd Constitution 3rd Marshal Law November 8th Amendment >> 1970 1971 1973 1977 1985

9. Farooq Ahmad khan Leghari 02 Dec President Benazir Bhutto 02 Dec Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif 05 Nov Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto 19 Oct Prime Minister 4th General Election Nov Nawaz Sharif 05 Nov Prime Minister IJI GhulamIshaq Khan 17 Aug President Muhammad RafiqTarar 01 Jan President 5th General Election 24 Oct 6th General Election 06 Oct 7th General Election 03 Feb April 13th Amendment >> 1988 1990 1993 1997 1998

10. Asif Ali Zardari 06 Sep President Shukat Aziz 28 Aug Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali 23 Nov Prime Minister YousufRazaGillani 25 Mar Prime Minister Chuadhry Shujat Hussain 26 June Prime Minister PervezMusharaf 12 Oct Chief Executive PervezMusharaf 20 Jun President 8th General Election 20 Oct 9th General Election 18 Feb 12 Oct 4th Marshal Law Nov3, 2007 PCO 1999 2001 2002 2004 2008

11. Constitutions

13. The first Constituent Assembly was formed under the Independence Act, 1947.

15. Resolution was moved by Liaquat Ali Khan.

16. "Magna Carta" of Pakistan's constitutional history.

17. Features:

18. Sovereignty belongs to Allah.

19. State shall exercise powers through the chosen representatives.

20. The principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed.

21. Muslims to order their lives in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

22. Adequate provision shall be made for the minorities.

23. Pakistan shall be a federation.

24. Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed.

26. Enforced on 23 March 1956.

27. Contained 234 Articles divided into thirteen parts and six schedules.

28. Constituent Assembly became the Interim National Assembly

30. The Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the Constitution.

31. Country was declared an Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

32. President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.

33. The Constitution vested the executive authority of the President in the Federation.

34. The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral legislature.

35. National Assembly was to consist of 300 members.

36. The principle of parity was introduced.

37. Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in the elections.

38. Urdu and Bengali, State languages and English, Official language for first 25 years

40. Promulgated by President Ayyub on 1st March, 1962.

41. Came into effect on 8th June, 1962.

43. Pakistan was renamed as 'Republic of Pakistan'.

44. The President was to be a Muslim not less than 35 years of age and could not held more than two consecutive terms.

45. The National Assembly was to consist of 156 members, later increased to 218 members after 8th amendment.

46. The system of indirect presidential elections was presented.

47. President owned the ‘Right of Veto’.

48. The President had the power to dissolve the National Assembly.

49. The Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology was introduced.

51. The National Assembly approved the constitution on April 10th, 1973.

52. Came into effect on 14th August 1973.

54. The Constitution named Pakistan as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

55. Islam as the religion of the country.

56. The President was to be a Muslim at least 45 years of age.

57. The head of the Government, will be the Prime Minister.

58. The 1973 Constitution set up a bicameral legislature.

59. Establishment of a National Finance Commission (NFC)

60. The Senate was to consist of 63 members.

61. National Assembly consisted of 200 seats.

66. The Ninth Amendment of the Junejo government was never passed.

67. Provide that the Injunctions of Islam shall be the supreme law and source of guidance for legislation.

68. Tenth Amendment

69. Came into effect on March 29, 1987.

70. Amended Article 54 and 61.

71. Working days in a year of National Assembly and the Senate were curtailed form 160 to 130

72. Eleventh Amendment

73. Introduced in the Senate on December 31, 1989.

74. Sought to restore twenty women seats in the National Assembly.

75. The Bill was withdrawn after assurance given by the Minister for Law and Justice that the Government intends to introduce the same Bill very soon.

76. Twelfth Amendment

77. Came into effect on July 28, 1991.

78. Amended Article 212.

81. Election Process

83. Established on 23rd March 1956 under the article 137 of the constitution 1956.

84. Members

85. Chief Election Commissioner( appointed by President for 3 years).

86. Four Judges of high courts .

87. Responsibility

88. Conduction of an independent, free, fair and impartial elections of

89. National Assembly

90. Senate

91. President

93. NA consists of successful candidates in General Election and 70 reserved seats(Women & Non-Muslims).

94. Members are elected for five years.

95. Purpose

96. Discuss and make legislations.

97. To pass an amendment in constitution 2/3rd majority is required.

98. Elects Prime Minister.

99. Eligibility

100. 25 year of age

101. Good Character

103. General Seats: 272

104. Women: 60

109. 14 Seats for Women

111. Senate was established in 1973 under the article 50 of the constitution of 1973.

112. Members are elected for six years.

113. First group of senators are retired after 3 years by draw.

114. Purpose

115. To give the equal representation of provinces.

116. To promote national cohesion and harmony

117. To alleviate fears of the smaller provinces.

118. Casts its vote in legislation and selection of President

119. Eligibility

120. 30 year of age

121. Good Character

123. General Seats: 66

124. Women: 17

126. 01 for Women

128. 04 Seats for Women

130. 04 Seats for Women

132. 04 Seats for Women

134. 04 Seats for Women

137. General Seats: 577

138. Women: 128

140. 22 Seats for Women

142. 66 Seats for Women

144. 11 Seats for Women

146. 29 Seats for Women

149. On the basis of population censes 1998.

150. Share of seats of a district is determined by dividing the population of that district with the quota per seat of a Province/Area/Agency in the National Assembly.No. of Seats= Population of District Quota per seat of Province

152. Seats in NA :: 148

153. Quota per seat in NA :: = 496,441

154. Quota per seat in PA :: = 247,883

156. Seat in NA :: = 6.76*

158. Constituencies… Inter-District Constituency when D.I. Khan + Bannu + Kohat + Peshawar + Lakki + Tank (0.038 + 0.019 + 0.088 + 0.053 + 0.006 +0.027) 0.88=1seat < 0.5 Population of District Quota per seat of Province

159. Highest Number of Constituency

160. General Elections

161. 1st General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: Oct , 1970 Total Seats: 300 (138 in West Pakistan, 162 in East Pakistan) Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Duration: 14 Aug 1973 - 5 Jul 1977

162. 2nd General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 7 Mar , 1977 Total Seats: 200 Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: (Marshal Law) Duration: N/A

163. 3rd General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 25 Feb, 1985 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 61% Prime Minister: Muhammad Khan Junejo Duration: 23 Mar 1985 - 29 May 1988 Non-Party Based

164. 4th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 16 Nov , 1988 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 43.1% Prime Minister: Benazir Bhutto Duration: 2 Dec 1988 - 6 Aug 1990 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

165. 5th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 24 Oct , 1990 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 45.5% Prime Minister: Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Duration: 6 Nov 1990 - 18 Apr 1993 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

166. 6th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 06 Oct , 1993 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 41% Prime Minister: Benazir Bhutto Duration: 19 Oct 1993 - 5 Nov 1996 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

167. 7th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 07 Feb , 1997 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 35.2% Prime Minister: Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Duration: 17 Feb 1997 - 12 Oct 1999 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

168. 8th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 20 Oct , 2002 Total Seats: 342 Turnout: 41.8% Prime Minister: Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali Duration: 23 Nov 2002 – 26 June 2004 *Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

169. 9th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 18 Feb , 2008 Total Seats: 342 Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: SyedYousufRazaGillani Duration: 25 Mar Nov 2008 – till today *Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities

170. Major Parties

172. Founded on November 30, 1967 by Z.A Bhutto

173. Chairperson:

174. Asif Ali Zardari

175. Bilawal Bhutto

176. Contest elections on the slogans of "ROTI, KAPRA AUR MAKAN“

177. Basic principles of PPP:

178. Islam is our Faith

179. Democracy is our politics

180. Socialism is our Economy

181. All Power to the People

183. Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad NawazSharif

184. Chairperson:

185. Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif

186. Manifesto:

187. Revival of Genuine Democracy

188. Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law

189. Tolerant and Pluralistic Society

190. Education

191. Health

193. Founded on 2002 by Mian Azhar

194. Chairperson:

195. Chudhary Shujat Husain

196. Manifesto:

197. Live and let live.

198. Decency, tolerance and harmony.

199. Ensuring justice and freedom of expression.

200. Dignity of the common citizen.

201. Protection and promotion of the rights of the female.

202. Protection of the rights of minorities.

204. In 1997, MQM became MutahiddaQaumi Movement instead of MuhajirQaumi Movement.

205. Chairperson:

206. Altaf Husain

207. Manifesto:

208. Provincial Autonomy

209. Education.

210. Health

211. Agrarian Reforms.

213. Chairperson:

214. AsfandYarWali Khan

215. Manifesto:

216. Democracy

217. Guarantees for protection of rights.

218. Freedom from external domination.

219. Freedom from sectarianism.

221. Founded by SayyidAbul Ala Maududi on 26 August 1941.

222. The party is termed most democratic for holding elections of party's president every five years.

223. Chairperson:

224. MonawarHasan

225. Manifesto:

226. DJI envisions "iqamat-e-deen", establishment of an Islamic administration governing by Islamic law.

229. Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the basic problems.

231. Lack of interaction with the common man

233. Always leaves an uneven ground for the politicians

235. Independent NAB non existent.