3. Run of the show
5 mins x 7 presenters
1 surprise check (!)
1 in-class activity
4. Order of things
Introduction*
What is it?
What‟s new?
How‟s it done?
Activity
Discussion of the activity
Conclusion
5. What to pay attention to?
Another dimension to IA – Channels
Cross-channel heuristics for IA
Place-making
Consistency
Resilience
Reduction
Correlation
The CHUbe - channel–heuristics–user tasks cube
6. If nothing else…
Pervasive IA & Findability
Integrating multiple, separate interactions into one seamless
flow, thereby affording multiple ways to access information
Quality of locating information across channels and
environments
Why Should You Care?
Experiences are increasingly becoming cross-channel
(hybrid) in nature
„Everyware‟ is here to stay: users expect information to be
available regardless of their situation (e.g., the activity)
8. About Pervasive IA
Move from separate channels to cross-channel
Big picture requires all channels
Multiple, separated interactions become one
seamless flow
9. About Ambient Findability
Findability: quality of being findable
Ambient Findability: quality of being findable across
channels and environments
10. Example, please.
Meijer shopping experience:
website
email
social media
mobile app
brick-and-mortar store
Why is interaction seamless?
Same IA is deployed across different channels
11. Why do we care?
This is how things are!
Trend = more channels
Good PIA avoids frustrating experiences
12.
13. Why do we care?
Old IA deals with websites only
Things have changed:
Companies sell services and experiences
Users become intermediaries
Experience is hybrid
Ease of use is not enough, people are shielding off
painful information
15. How is PIA different?
• It bridges the gap between the physical and digital.
• It‟s not just about labels, taxonomies or websites.
Now, it‟s about working with info to shape meaning
and purpose over many domains.
16. How is PIA different?
“ IAs have to have a little
We
more Wurman in our pockets
and move beyond the Polar
Bear book.
”
17. How is PIA better?
• Information architectures become ecosystems.
• Users become intermediaries.
• Static becomes dynamic.
• Product design becomes experience design across
different media.
19. PIA Heuristic 1: Place-making
Capability of Pervasive Information
Architecture to reduce disorientation and
increase legibility
• Reduce confusion
• Build a sense of place
• Increase wayfinding across environments
20.
21. PIA Heuristic 2: Consistency
Capability of PIA to provide and sustain
internal and external, in-context, on-task
coherence
• To suit the purposes, contexts and people it is
designed for
• To maintain the same logic along different
media, environments and times in which it acts
24. PIA Heuristic 3: Resilience
Capability of PIA models to
shape and adapt themselves to specific
user needs and seeking strategies
• Support users in different contexts/places/times
• Support different seeking strategies
• Active or passive
• Direct or indirect
• Conscious or latent
25.
26.
27. PIA Heuristic 4: Reduction
The capability of PIA to minimize the
cognitive load and frustration associated
with choosing from vast information
sources, services, and goods.
• Does NOT reduce options
• Organize and cluster
• Focus and Magnify
28.
29.
30. PIA Heuristic 5: Correlation
Capability of PIA to suggest relevant
connections among pieces of information,
services, and goods to help users achieve
explicit goal.
• Creates continuity and discovery within one
channel AND across channels
40. Step1: Identify the Channels
• Four common channels
• Paper: hard-copy, physical materials.
• Store: encompasses an area that requires way-finding
and physical movement for search.
• Web: an interface on a stable platform (e.g. laptop)
• Mobile: communication using mobile devices (e.g.
iPad, cell phone)
This is pervasive!
41. Step 2: List Heuristics + User Tasks
• Heuristics
o Place-making
o Consistency
o Resilience
o Reduction
o Correlation
• User Tasks
o Pieces of a scenario broken down into separate tasks
44. Step 3: Visualize
• Visualize in 3-D: the CHUbe
• Why are there squares
missing?
45. Step 3: Visualize
• Visualize in 3-D: the CHUbe
• Why are there squares
missing?
o Heuristic not relevant…
− in the channel
− To the user task
− or does not exist in that channel
48. Step 1: What channels are involved?
• Store: The store itself
• Paper: Weekly flyer of special offers
• Web: Receiving emails about upcoming sales at the store,
browsing their online website
• Mobile: Using specific applications to browse through
items, look up coupons
49. Step 2: What task flows are involved?
Necessary for creating seamless user experience of
grocery shopping!
50. Step 2: What task flows are involved?
Necessary for creating seamless user experience of
grocery shopping!
1. Getting information about current products and offers
2. Building a shopping list
3. Getting to the supermarket
4. Parking the car
5. Fetching a cart
6. Navigating the shop
7. Finding products
8. Queuing and paying
51. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Place-making
• How do we make them feel at home?
• How could we help in way-finding?
52. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Place-making
Store Print Web Mobile
• Color codes • Respecting • Translate • In-store
• Addressing color codes physical navigation
different • Product layout to IA • Color codes
users placement • Use of • Premade
established paths
labels, etc • Contextual
information
53. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Consistency
• Internal consistency:
o Capability to provide coherent in-channel experience
o Adopting the right classification system
o Example: “Mixed” classification model:
− 1st level: hierarchical model
− 2nd level: faceted model
o Considering different styles of searching and different shopping
behaviors
• External consistency:
o Creates smooth transition from one channel to another
o Using same color codes, labels for mobile devices, store, web site
54. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Consistency
• These allow us to address several mental models
simultaneously
• In the supermarket…
o Supporting consistent logic within the supermarket
o Using a mobile app to inform physical wayfinding
55. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Resilience
• Main Idea: Reshape places in real-time
o How do we allow different paths?
o Encourage berry-picking: “Relevant [information] tends to be
scattered, [and] users move fluidly between search and browse
modes, relying on strategies including footnote chasing, area
scanning, and citation, subject and author searching” (AF p.59).
56. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Resilience
Store Print Web Mobile
• More than • Customize • Provide
one path experience histories
• Allow • Store user • Suggest
shortcuts preferences missing
products
57. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Reduction
• “A set of strategies to address such an issue and has
nothing to do with getting rid of choices: reduction is an
organizational and presentational guideline”
• Focus and zoom:
o reduces the paradox of choice
o Directs attention to only a small subset of choices
• Magnify:
o View details after selecting choice
o Reduces cognitive load
58. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Reduction
Store Print Web Mobile
• Use • Relevant • Provide full • Mobile moves
meaningful information catalog but with the
clusters only offer customer
• Link to other information in • No need to
channels for context include
additional info “currently
unavailable”
items
59. Step 3: Identify Heuristics Involved
Heuristic: Correlation
Who does it?
• Top-down (information architects)
• Correlations between items of same facet
• Bottom-up (users) :
• “If you like a and b, we suggest c”
Where is it?
• Internal
• Paths for vegan food
• Correlation between customers
• External
• Searching for an item online and finding it in the supermarket
64. Task
Imagine that you were hired to make tourist
experiences for a city with monsters at its edge of
town. These monsters were dangerous and
sometimes killed people, but the townspeople have
learned to live with them and now want to use this as
their main tourist attraction.
Design cross-channel experiences while taking
the “Place-making” heuristic into consideration.
You have 20 minutes. Go!
66. So, What‟d We Do Here?
Introduction
What is it?
What‟s new?
How is it done?
How is it done even better?
You did it!
Discussion
Conclusion
to keep you guys awake. those who answer correctly will get candy?to make you awesome with using PIA
Welcome to the 4th dimensionYou're gonna love them!Learn the method
Pervasive IA & FindabilityIntegrating multiple, separate interactions into one seamless flow, thereby affording multiple ways of access informationQuality of locating information across channels and environments Why Should You Care?Experiences are increasingly becoming cross-channel (hybrid) in nature‘Everyware’ is here to stay: users expect information to be available regardless of their situation (e.g., the activity)IT’S THE FUTURE...Get used to it :)