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ENGR131: Transforming Ideas to Innovations I
(Global Warming)
Project Deliverable I
Index Name ID Major Section
1
2
3
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5
(Course Professor)
Date: XXX
Fall 2019

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Abstract
Climatic changes occur due to the abnormal behavior of the living beings and there are various
reasons make the variations in climate. The depletion of natural resources is an alarm for the
planet earth and weakness of ozone layer produces the skin diseases. Engineering approach to
be used and applied for eradicating carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Various techniques
can be used for making favorable circumstances for the environment which includes
manufacturing of hybrid vehicles, burning of biomass for securing carbon dioxide, avoidance of
plastic material in the industries, solar panels etc. One of the biggest challenges is the
requirement of huge investment which is required for the execution and deployment of
corrective measures for reducing carbon dioxide.

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Table of Contents
1. 4
2. 5
2.1. 5
2.1.1. 5
2.1.2. 5
2.1.3. 5
2.2. 6
2.3. 8
2.3.1. 8
2.3.2. 12
2.4. 13
3. 13
References 15

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1. Introduction
Climate is well-defined as set of pattern or state of every day’s meteorological condition formed
over a time span of 30 years. In Kuwait, it is accessed and measured by the change in the
patterns of winds, humidity, atmospheric pressure, temperature and other climate entities. The
global rise in temperature causes variation in three systems out of which globe is composed of
Physical system, Biological system and Human system. Environment is facing a severe threat
caused due to the change of climate. Climate change causes threat to ecosystem, economic
strength, water and food reserves. Due to high living standard, consumption of natural resources
has been enhanced resulting misbalancing in the natural reserves. Majority of our natural
resources come from fossil fuel and burning of fossil fuel becomes the major threat and reason
of global warming. Extreme climate conditions across the globe caused by climatic change
deplete the ozone layer triggering skin and respiratory problems. There are several factors which
become the reason of the climatic change i.e. the exhaust of smoke emitting from vehicles and
factories pollutes the air and causes respiratory issues and diminish the layer (ozone) which
protects humans from health concern. Due to global warming, it is imperative to reduce the
effect of carbon dioxide which can be designed by a process called as BECCS i.e. bioenergy with
carbon capture and storage. The process has the involvement of burning of biomass for the
purpose of catching energy and securing the emission of gases underground. There are some of
the reservations regarding the feasibility of storing carbon dioxide underground but geologists
are of the view that deep down the ground, natural carbon tend to behave positive for the
environment.

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2. Design Overview
2.1Definition of the Problem
Due to burningof natural resourceswhichhascauseditsdepletionfromthe natural world. There
are certaincauseswhicheffectonthe livingbeings.Global warmingisone of the basiccausesof
the burningof resources thatdepletesthe ozone layerresultingintothe emissionof carbon
dioxide gases. The mainproblemisthe consistentproductionof the carbondioxidegas that
needstobe reservedandsecuredforprotectingthe livingbeings.
2.1.1 Definition of the problem
The excessamountof carbon dioxide gasesneedstobe securedandbroughtdowntothe area
whichdoesnotaffectplanetearth.
2.1.2 Criteria
It has to be ensuredthatthe identificationandquantityof undesirable gasestobe identifiedso
that theycan be identifiedandconservedforthe bettermentof the environment.
2.1.3 Constraints

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There are some of the limitationsandconstraintsregardingthe conservationof gasesasit needs
properengineeringapproachtoexecute the task.
2.2 Background Research
Change of climate causes global warming which negatively impacts the humanity and
biological system. All of these negative effects sums up and enhance the destruction of
species that reside in the planet earth. There are three levels of climate change impact which
are described are as under:
 The first one is change in the physical systemof earth which is melting of glaciers, land
sliding, sea / river flooding and terrestrial erosion.
 The second level of climate change impact is the variation in the biological system. In marine
and land ecosystem, it is observed and witnessed the demise of fauna and flora which is a
huge environmental disaster.
 The third level is the variation in the human system. The destruction of food and crops due to
vigorous climate change causes loss of economy and wealth.
All of these disastrous situations caused on different levels by climatic change are interlinked and
inter related to each other. For instance, burning of fossil fuel causes the land slides, wildfire is
caused due to drought which badly impacts the crop and agriculture.
Below is the table that shows the various number of gases that exists in the atmosphere in
Kuwait.

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2.3Brainstorming about the possibleSolution
2.3.1 Brainstorming
There are some of the possible solutions that can help to reduce the emission of carbon
dioxide. Planet earth is our dear place of livelihood and it is our responsibility to make it
free from the negative units causing it severely. There are plenty of ways by which the
earth can become healthy and it is the need of the hour to execute methodologies that
would stop the negative behavior of climate change. Some of the processes by which the
environmental pollution can be reduced and controlled are as follows:
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
This process revolves around putting down the carbon dioxide into the ground and
replacing the earth’s atmosphere from ecofriendly gases.

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Drive ecofriendly vehicle
People use vehicles as mode of transportation and the worst part is of the exhaust of
carbon dioxide out of vehicles. It is really necessary to drive hybrid vehicles which are
ecofriendly and fuel efficient. Use of electric cars is also really helpful in maintaining the
health status of environment.
The number of registered vehicles in Kuwait is represented in the below graphs:

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Use of solar, wind, thermal energy
It is significant to use natural sources of energy for the generation of electricity, gas etc.
installation of solar panels at home will generate electricity and so as the use of wind mill
can generate ample volume of electricity to operate water turbines. The use of natural
sources will lessen the utilization of fossil fuels and will enhance the earth’s life.
Below it graphs that represents the Kuwait’s electricity production in the following years.

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Use of paper bags instead of plastic
Plastic is cancer to environment and it is really mandatory to use paper bags as they don’t
effect the marine life nor human. Paper bags are eco-friendly and can be easily recycled.
The utilization of plastic in daily life has created ease in terms of carrying our objects but
on the other side, due to its non-degradable nature it is a major threat to our
environment. The use of plastic must be disregarded as it is a vital source of polluting
environment.

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Plantation of trees
Plantation of trees is important and very beneficial for the environment as it enhances
the amount of oxygen and decreases the amount of carbon dioxide. It benefits the living
beings throughout the annum
2.3.2 Advantages and Inconvenientof each solution
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
Advantages: It stops carbon dioxide for going into atmosphere.
Disadvantages: It requires technical engineering approach for its execution.
Drive ecofriendly vehicle
Advantages: It impacts very positive on the ecosystem by producing environment-
friendly behavior performance.
Disadvantages: The manufacturing cost of eco-friendly vehicles is really expensive.
Use of solar, wind, thermal energy

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Advantages: It helps in utilizing the natural resources for producing electricity etc.
Disadvantages: The deployment of wind mills, solar energy panels, dams etc. required
huge investment.
Use of paper bags instead of plastic
Advantages: It assists to reduce the water pollution.
Disadvantages: It would halt the businesses of industries who are producing poly vinyl
chloride (PVC).
Plantation of trees
Advantages: It would enhance the amount oxygen in the environment.
Disadvantages: It needs heavy investment for planting trees around the region.
2.4Selection of the Best Three Solutions
The bestthree solutionsare:
 Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
 Ecofriendly vehicles (Hybrid)
 Utilization of Wind Mills, Dams, Solar Panels
3 Conclusion
In a nutshell, climate change is caused due to various reasons but there are certain factors by
which the life of planet earth can be saved and enhanced. Public awareness is needed for
saving the natural resources on a wider spectrum so that the species that exist in the earth
can live hale and hearty. The release of dangerous gases fromthe industrial units weakens

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the ozone layer which directly implicates the growth of human health risk factors. So as the
marine life gets disturbed due to water pollution and disturbs the ecosystem. It is obligatory
to make constructive arrangements to make the planet earth healthier and stronger so that
the species existing in it can live well. Carbon dioxide gases can be stopped by creating a duct
and keeping underground for benefitting the living beings. For future work, practical
executions will be made at the industrial level that would produce optimistic results for the
society.

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References
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Cardinale, B. J., Duffy, J. E., Gonzalez, A., Hooper, D. U., Perrings, C., Venail, P., . . . Naeem, S. (2012).
Corrigendum: Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature,489(7415), 326-326.
doi:10.1038/nature11373
Feely,R.A.,Doney,S.C.,Fabry,V. J.,& Kleypas,J.K.(2011). OceanAcidification:The Other CO2 Problem.
Limnology and Oceanography e-Lectures. doi:10.4319/lol.2011.rfeely_sdoney.5
Höök,M., & Tang, X.(2013). Depletionof fossil fuelsandanthropogenicclimatechange—A review.Energy
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Houghton, J. (2005). Global warming and climate change. Global Warming, 1-13.
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McLamb, E. (2011). Impact of the Industrial Revolution. Ecology Global Network.
Tinker, P., Ingram, J. S., & Struwe, S. (1996). Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture and deforestation on
climate change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,58(1), 13-22. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(95)00651-6