fish and aqua culture

1. MONOSEX TILAPIA
AND GIFT TILAPIA

2. WHAT IS TILAPIA?
• Tilapia is the common name for nearly a
hundred species of cichlid fish from the tilapiine
cichlid tribe.
• Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting
shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less
commonly found living in brackish water.

3. MONOSEX TILAPIA
• Mono Single
• Sex Gender
• Monosex tilapia means single gender tilapia, and this
single gender is male tilapia

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOSEX TILAPIA
• Monosex tilapia does not breed/multiply, which makes it
easy for fish farmers to avoid uncontrolled breeding in
their farms
• They grow fast and attain market size within a short
period in pond, cage and pen than other tilapia forms.
• Monosex tilapia become marketable size (100-150 g)
within 2-3 months.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOSEX TILAPIA
• Among different forms of tilapia, monosex is more
suitable for cage culture because tilapia does not jump.
• This fish is currently considered to be the most important
and commonly cultured species around the world .
• It constitutes over 70% of cultured tilapia which represent
approximately 6% of total farmed fish production

7. MONOSEX TILAPIA

8. MONOSEX TILAPIA CAN BE OBTAINED BY
THREE WAYS
Methods
Hybridization
Manual sexing
Hormone treatment

9. HYBRIDIZATION
• When certain species of Tilapia cross breed, the result will be an all male
Male Parent Female Parent Offspring
O. aureus O. niloticus 100% male
O. urolepis O. niloticus 100% male
O. macrochir O. niloticus 100% male

10. MANUAL SEXING
• Manually sexing tilapia is difficult but not impossible. It is however very
labour-intensive and therefore costly.
• When a tilapia fingerling has reached a weight of 25 grams it can normally
be sexed by looking at the genital papilla.
• The genital papilla is located right behind the anus of the fish.
• If the genital papilla has one single opening you are looking at a male
tilapia.
• If the genital papilla has two openings you are looking at a female tilapia,

12. HORMONE TREATMENT
• Newly hatched larvae are fed with hormones in the feed
for 3-4 weeks
• Starting from 10th day of hatching when the gonads are in
undifferentiated stage.
• 17 alpha methyl testosterone – hormone used for sex
reversal.
• 17 alpha ethynyl testosterone is also used for sex reversal.

13. MONOSEX TILAPIA FORMING METHODS
• Monosex tilapia are raised through to steps in two ponds.
Nursing ponds Stocking ponds
Ponds

14. NURSING PONDS
• A pond with 1.5 to 4 feet depth is ideal for monosex tilapia
nursing. Consider the followings while selecting nursing pond
• The pond must have to be free form flood.
• The pond must have to be free from all types of
harmful aquatic weeds.
• Sufficient amount of sunlight is very important.
• Nursing ponds are mannged by taking several steps.

15. STOCKING POND
• The depth of stocking pond may vary in accordance with your location.
• Remove all types of cannibalistic and unwanted fishes from the pond
• After that apply 100 kg lime, 500-700 kg dung, 10-15 kg urea, per acer.
• After 5-7 days apply fertilizer
• Try to change the water of pond daily at the rate of 5% when the fish reach more
than 100 grams body weight.
• Monosex tilapia reach 200-250 grams body weight within 100-120 days after
stocking. You can start selling from this time.

16. FEED
• Feeding the fish good and nutritious food is very
important for commercial monosex tilapia production.
• You can feed the fish those foods that are available in the
market for tilapia fish.

17. WHAT IS ‘GIFT’ TILAPIA
•Genetically improved farmed Tilapia (GIFT
Tilapia)
• GIFT tilapia was developed by scientists at world fish center
through selective breeding of several strains of Nile tilapia.
• GIFT strains of Nile tilapia grows quickly and survives well,
dramatically increasing aquaculture yield.

18. GIFT TILAPIA
• A collaborative research project named as GIFT was
started in April, 1988.
• After 5 generations of selection, the growth performance
of GIFT strains improved by more than 80% compared
with base population.

19. OBJECTIVES OF GIFT PROJECT
• Development of improved breeds of Nile tilapia
• To disseminate GIFT
• To carry out genetic, socioeconomic and
environmental evaluation of GIFT (in ponds 15% & in
cages 7%)
• To facilitate the development of national tilapia
programs.

23. ADVANTAGES OF GIFT
• Faster growth rate than other strains.
• Improved survival.
• Three fish crops per year.
• It is mainly plant eating.
• The GIFT strain has generated additional income and
employment for both fish formers and hatchery operators.

25. REFERENCES
• https://www.roysfarm.com/monosex-tilapia-farming/
• https://medcraveonline.com/JAMB/JAMB-06-00167.pdf
• https://www.worldfishcenter.org/pages/gift/
• https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/genetically-improved-farmed-tilapia-
gift-dissemination-bangladesh
• https://cals.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ISTA9/PDF's/AriyaratneFishFeed.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/miteshramteke/genetically-improved-farmed-tilapia