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CAPACITOR
AND ITS
TYPES
INTRODUCTION TO
CAPACITOR
Capacitor was invented by Ewald Georg Von Kleist
Capacitor is a passive two terminal electrical component
that stores potential energy in an electric field.
 The effect of capacitor is known as capacitence.
 While some capacitance exists between any two electrical
conductors is proximity in a circuit.
Capacitor is designed to add capacitance to the circuit.
 Capacitor was originally known as condenser or
compensator.
CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM OF
CAPACITOR
A capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by a
dielectric medium.
ELECTRONIC SYMBOLS OF
CAPACITOR
FIXED
CAPACITOR
POLARISED
CAPACITOR
VARIABLE
CAPACITOR
HISTORY OF
CAPACITOR
In October 1745 Ewald George Von Kleist of
Powerania,Germany found that charge could be stored by
connecting a high voltage.
Electrostatic Generator by a wire to a volume of water in a
hand held glass jar.
 The water acted as conductors
And the jar as dielectric mechanism
THEORY OF
OPERATION
A simple demonstration capacitor made of two parallel
metal plates, using an air gap as the dielectric.
 A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-
conductive region.
 The non-conductive region can either be a vacuum or an electrical
insulator material known as a dielectric
 Examples of dielectric media are:-
1. Glass
2. Air
3. Paper
4. Ceramic
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CAPACITOR
It blocks flow of DC and permits AC
It is used for coupling two devices
It bypasses the unwanted frequencies
It feeds the desired signal to any section
It is used for phase shifting, filtering, motor starter.
It is used to get tuned frequency.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CAPACITORS
TYPES OF
CAPACITORS
PAPER CAPACITOR
CERAMIC CAPACITOR
MICA CAPACITOR
PLASTIC FILM CAPACITOR
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
PAPER CAPACITOR
Paper capacitors are made of paper or oil-impregnated paper and
aluminum foil layers rolled into a cylinder and sealed with wax.
These capacitors were commonly used but are now replaced by
the plastic or polymer type of capacitors.
The paper capacitors are bulky, highly hygroscopic and soaks
moisture which causes loss to the dielectric degrading its overall
performance is the major drawback with type of capacitors.
CERAMIC
CAPACITOR
Ceramic capacitors are also known as disc capacitors,they are
generally made by coating two sides of a small porcelain or
ceramic disc with silver and then stacked together to make a
capacitor.
For very low capacitance values, a single ceramic disc of about 3-
6mm is used.
Ceramic capacitors have a high dielectric constant and are
available so that relatively high capacitances can be obtained in
a small physical size.
MICA
CAPACITOR
The mica capacitor uses mica as the dielectric medium.
Mica is inert in nature and hence the physical and chemical
properties do not change as it ages.
It provides good temperature stability and resistance to corona
discharge that is electrical discharges due to ionization around
conductor.
However, the cost is very high due to improper sealing the
capacitor is highly prone to moisture which increases the power
factor
CONSTRUCTION OF
MICA CAPACITOR
PLASTIC FILM
CAPACITOR
These use polystyrene, polycarbonate or Teflon as their dielectrics
are sometimes called plastic capacitors.
The construction of plastic film capacitors is similar to that for
paper film capacitors but use a plastic film instead of paper
The main advantage of plastic film capacitors compared to
impregnated paper types is that they operate well under
conditions of high temperatures, have smaller tolerances, a very
long service life and high reliability
ELECTROLYTIC
CAPACITOR
Electrolytic Capacitors are generally used when very large
capacitance values are required.
Here instead of using a very thin metallic film layer for one of
the electrodes a semi-liquid electrolyte solution in the form of a
jelly or paste is used which serves as the second electrode
THANK YOU

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Capacitor and its types

  • 2. INTRODUCTION TO CAPACITOR Capacitor was invented by Ewald Georg Von Kleist Capacitor is a passive two terminal electrical component that stores potential energy in an electric field.  The effect of capacitor is known as capacitence.  While some capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors is proximity in a circuit. Capacitor is designed to add capacitance to the circuit.  Capacitor was originally known as condenser or compensator.
  • 3. CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM OF CAPACITOR A capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by a dielectric medium.
  • 6. In October 1745 Ewald George Von Kleist of Powerania,Germany found that charge could be stored by connecting a high voltage. Electrostatic Generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand held glass jar.  The water acted as conductors And the jar as dielectric mechanism
  • 8. A simple demonstration capacitor made of two parallel metal plates, using an air gap as the dielectric.
  • 9.  A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non- conductive region.  The non-conductive region can either be a vacuum or an electrical insulator material known as a dielectric  Examples of dielectric media are:- 1. Glass 2. Air 3. Paper 4. Ceramic
  • 10. CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITOR It blocks flow of DC and permits AC It is used for coupling two devices It bypasses the unwanted frequencies It feeds the desired signal to any section It is used for phase shifting, filtering, motor starter. It is used to get tuned frequency.
  • 12. TYPES OF CAPACITORS PAPER CAPACITOR CERAMIC CAPACITOR MICA CAPACITOR PLASTIC FILM CAPACITOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
  • 14. Paper capacitors are made of paper or oil-impregnated paper and aluminum foil layers rolled into a cylinder and sealed with wax. These capacitors were commonly used but are now replaced by the plastic or polymer type of capacitors. The paper capacitors are bulky, highly hygroscopic and soaks moisture which causes loss to the dielectric degrading its overall performance is the major drawback with type of capacitors.
  • 16. Ceramic capacitors are also known as disc capacitors,they are generally made by coating two sides of a small porcelain or ceramic disc with silver and then stacked together to make a capacitor. For very low capacitance values, a single ceramic disc of about 3- 6mm is used. Ceramic capacitors have a high dielectric constant and are available so that relatively high capacitances can be obtained in a small physical size.
  • 18. The mica capacitor uses mica as the dielectric medium. Mica is inert in nature and hence the physical and chemical properties do not change as it ages. It provides good temperature stability and resistance to corona discharge that is electrical discharges due to ionization around conductor. However, the cost is very high due to improper sealing the capacitor is highly prone to moisture which increases the power factor
  • 21. These use polystyrene, polycarbonate or Teflon as their dielectrics are sometimes called plastic capacitors. The construction of plastic film capacitors is similar to that for paper film capacitors but use a plastic film instead of paper The main advantage of plastic film capacitors compared to impregnated paper types is that they operate well under conditions of high temperatures, have smaller tolerances, a very long service life and high reliability
  • 23. Electrolytic Capacitors are generally used when very large capacitance values are required. Here instead of using a very thin metallic film layer for one of the electrodes a semi-liquid electrolyte solution in the form of a jelly or paste is used which serves as the second electrode