1. THE GLOBAL FOODBANKING NETWORK
TONI DIPRIZIO, ENGAGEMENT PARTNER
CANNY CHEN, AUDIT MANAGER
Preparing your 2012 Income Tax Return
Tips and Traps
A Fresh Look at Charitable Lead Trusts
BRIAN T. WHITLOCK CPA, JD, LLM
TAX PARTNER

2. What is a Charitable Lead Trust?
The Mechanics of the Math behind CLTs
• Time Value of Money
• Section 7520 Rates
Primary Uses of a Charitable Lead Trust
• Accelerating Income Tax Charitable Deduction – GRANTOR TYPE
• Excluding Income from tax = NON GRANTOR TYPE
Agenda

3. Charitable Lead Trust
Grantor
(Donor)
CLT
• Irrevocable Trust
• Term of Years or Life
1) Return to Grantor
2) Return to Spouse
3) Outright Family
4) In Trust for next
generation
Charity
(Donee)
Estate and Gift Tax Benefit
FMV of the transferred assets
- Value Income Stream (Charitable component)
= Reminder (Taxable gift of a “future” interest”

4. How are CLATs typically used
1) Reduce Federal Gift and Estate Tax
Structure the Income Stream in a way that will absorb the value of the
gifted property and reduce the present value of the remainder to zero
1) Front Loading Income Tax Deductions
Structure the Income Stream in a way that will create a large current
income tax deduction for the benefit of the creator of the trust that will
offset ordinary income (e.g., conversion of a regular IRA to Roth).

5. Gift and Estate Tax Still Significant
Federal Gift and Estate Tax
• $5,450,000 (2016) [indexed for inflation]
• 40% Flat Tax Rate
• Annual Gift Exclusion = $14,000 (2015) per person per year [indexed for inflation]
• Unlimited amount can be given to spouse
• Unused credit can be carried over to spouse, but only if you file IRS Form 706
Generation Skipping Tax
• $5,450,000 (2016) [indexed for inflation]
• 40% Flat Tax Rate
• Unused credit CANNOT be carried over to spouse
State Rules - vary significantly for state to state
• Unlimited amount can usually given to spouse.
• Indiana, Ohio, Arizona, Florida, Michigan and Wisconsin have no estate tax currently.

6. How CLATs and GRATs avoid Estate Tax
Gift and Estate Tax Benefit – CLT is Cousin to GRAT
• PV of the income stream may be subtracted from the FMV of the transferred property
• The value of the remainder is a gift of a “future interest” and does not qualify for the gift
tax annual exclusion ($14,000).
• The value of the income interest + the value of the remainder interest = 100%
• The larger the income interest (Charitable Gift); the smaller the remainder (i.e.,
the Taxable Gift)
Leveraged Benefit (Time value of Money) CLT is Cousin to GRAT
• Where the Actual (economic) Rate of Return on a asset is greater than the IRS
applicable rate (Section 7520), the difference will cause the remainder to be discounted.
• The greater the diff. between ROR and AFR the greater the discount
• The longer the term of the CLT the greater the discount
Income
Charitable Gift
Remainder
Taxable Gift

7. How do we define the Income Interest?
The Income Interest is only deductible if it can be defined under Section
170(f)(2)(B) in the form of an annuity or unitrust paid over a term of years, the
life of a person(s), or the shorter of two periods
Annuity
• Fixed Payment Schedule – set by trust agreement for a term of years
• Amount of each Payment may be constant or it vary in predefined steps
Unitrust
• Fixed Payment Percentage
• Amount of each Payment is determined by multiplying payment percentage
by the FMV of the trust assets as of a defined date each year (i.e.,
beginning of year, end of year, etc.)
CLT Income Interest is Unlike the Income Interest in a CRT
• No 5% Minimum Payout
• No maximum Term (only limit is Rule Against Perpetuities)
• CLT may make payments to non-charitable beneficiaries, if income is
greater than annuity requirement.
Income
Charitable Gift
Remainder
Taxable Gift

8. Time Value of Money
Rule of 72 – the power of compounding interest
Rate of Return x Number of Years = 72
Anytime you multiply two numbers together
and the product of the two numbers equals
72 – MAGIC happens - money doubles
12
x6
72
4
x18
72
9
x8
72
8
x9
72
24
x3
72
6
x12
72
18
x4
72 3
x24
72

9. Time Value of Money
Rule of 72 – and Annuities
Measure the present value of the annuity payment using lowest Section 7520 over the
three month period = the month of transfer, the month preceeding transfer date and
the month following the transfer date

10. LOW AFRs continues to present Estate Planning Opportunities
• Section 7520 Rate for January 2016 is 2.2%
• Great Leverage for Assets producing a cash flow in excess of 8%
Depressed Valuations present Opportunities
• Real Estate is a great candidate for a GRAT or a CLAT
• Example #1:
• A built a warehouse and retail space in 2004 at a cost of $5.5 Million. Triple
Net Lease $600,000 yields a rate of return of 10.909%. After a drop in the
real estate market, current FMV of building is now $2,500,000. ROR = 24%.
• CLAT paying 10.909% for 11 Years in monthly payments. The PV of
Remainder is $ZERO.
• CLAT paying 24% for 5 Years in monthly payments. The PV of
Remainder is $ZERO.
A Fresh look at the Estate and Gift Tax
Benefits of CLAT

11. LOW AFRs and Valuations present Estate Planning Opportunities
• Great Leverage for Assets producing a cash flow in excess of 8%
• Example #2:
• B has a rental property worth $1,000,000 with an 8% rate of return. He give
$40,000 per year to charity. If he transfers 50% of the real estate to a CLAT the
CLAT will receive $40,000 of rental income. What is the value of ½ of the
property. In inside of a FLP, what is the value of 50% of the LP. No Discount
40/500 = 8% ROR; 20% Discount = 40/400 = 10% ROR; 30% Discount = 40/350
= 11.42% ROR
• CLAT paying 10.909% for 11 Years in monthly payments. The PV of
Remainder is ZERO.
GRATs and CLATs are great for avoiding estate tax when rates are LOW
and RORs are high
Estate and Gift Tax Benefits of CLAT

12. LOW AFRs present Opportunities for even low yielding assets like marketable
securities but will require longer time periods in order to “zero” out the value of the
remainder.
• Examples:
• CLAT paying 6.162% per year for 20 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of
the Remainder is ZERO.
• CLAT paying 4.386% for 32 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of the
Remainder is ZERO
• CLAT paying 3.786% for 40 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of the
Remainder is ZERO
• CLAT paying 3.318% for 50 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of the
Remainder is ZERO
• Jackie Kennedy Onassis’ Estate Plan created a CLAT at her death that was
designed to last for 32 years
• Caution: in PLR 199922007 the Treasury ruled that if the remainder interest
passes to skip persons that the distribution is a “taxable termination”
subject to GST. The IRS also stated that Donor could allocate GST
Exemption to the discounted amount of the remainder at the time that the
trust is created.
Estate and Gift Tax Benefits of CLAT

13. Unless the Rate of the Unitrust Payment is set at 100%, you cannot structure a
CLUT where the PV of the Remainder would equal ZERO.
The Fixed payment Percentage required by the CLUT is multiplied by the FMV of the Trust assets in order to determine
the amount of the payment.
Example:
Jack transfers $500,000 to a CLUT pays 6% per year to charity for 20 years.
• In year 1 the payment is 6% x $500,000 = $30,000
• If in year 2, the FMV of the trust assets is $600,000. $600,000x 6% = $36,000
• If In year 3, the FMV of the trust is 400,000. $400,000x6% = $24,000
• Even if in year 19, the FMV of the trust was only 10,000. $10,000 x 6% = $600.
Comparisions:
• CLAT paying 6.162% for 20 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of the Remainder is ZERO
• CLUT paying 7% for 20 years. PV of income interest is 76.2%. The PV of the Remainder is 23.8%
• CLUT paying 8% for 20 years. PV of income interest is 80.7%. The PV of the Remainder is 19.3%
• CLAT paying 3.741% for 40 Years. The PV of the Annuity is 100%. The PV of the Remainder is ZERO
• CLUT paying 4% for 40 years. PV of income interest is 80% The PV of the Remainder is 20%
• CLUT paying 6% for 40 years. PV of income interest is 91.3% The PV of the Remainder is 8.7%
Why not a Non-Grantor CLUT?

14. THE GLOBAL FOODBANKING NETWORK
Higher Individual Rates change the Game
• Marginal Income Tax Rates Married Filing Joint (MFJ) (indexed for inflation)
Calendar Year 2016
•- up to $ 18,550…………………10%
•- $18,550 to $ 75,300…………..15%
•- $75,300 to $151,900…………..25%
•- $151,900 to $231,450…………28%
•- $231,450 to $413,350…………33% (plus NIIT)
•- $413,350 to $466,950…………35% (plus NIIT)
•- over $466,950 ………………….39.6% (plus NIIT)
• Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) - 3.8% if MAGI above $200,000 (single)/$250,000 (MFJ)
3.8% Obamacare Excise Tax on Investment Income for Even Middle Class
• Pease Amendment – Itemized deductions phased out at 3% of AGI in excess of $311,300 in 2016
Itemized Deductions are limited for Middle Class
• State Income Tax Rates
• Illinois Income Tax Rate – 5%
• Top California Income Tax Rate = 13.3% over $500k Single; over $1 million MFJ
All Income Tax Rates are Higher

15. Grantor Type Charitable Lead Trust (CLAT)
STEP 1: Gift assets to trust
CHARITY
• IRREVOCABLE TRUST
• NET INCOME AND CAPITAL GAINS
ARE TAXABLE TO GRANTOR
• PV OF REMAINDER INTEREST IS A
GIFT OF A FUTURE INTEREST AND
MAY USE GIFT/ESTATE TAX CREDIT
• CAVEAT: GST MAY NOT BE
ALLOCATED TO GIFT OF REMAINDER
CLAT
STEP 2: Distribute required
amounts to charity
REMAINDER BENEFICIARIES
(OUTRIGHT OR IN TRUST) IF
REMAINDER BENEFICIARY IS PERSON
OTHER THAN THE DONOR THEN GIFT
GIFT TAX IMPACT
FMV OF THE TRANSFERRED ASSETS
- PV OF ANNUITY INCOME STREAM
= GIFT OF A “FUTURE” INTEREST
INCOME TAX IMPACT
ALL INCOME WILL THROUGH DONOR’S
IRS FORM 1040 EVERY YEAR UNTIL
TERMINATION
STEP 3: Upon termination, the
remainder beneficiaries receive
the balance of assets
INCOME TAX DEDUCTION
DONOR MAY DEDUCT THE PV OF THE
INCOME STREAM ON HIS SCHEDULE A
OF HIS IRS FORM 1040 IN YEAR 1

16. Non-Grantor Type Charitable Lead Trust (CLAT)
STEP 1: Gift assets to trust
CHARITY
• IRREVOCABLE TRUST
• NET INCOME AND CAPITAL GAINS
ARE TAXABLE TO TRUST, BUT TRUST
GETS DEDUCTION FOR CURRENT
CHARITABLE DISTRIBUTION
• PV OF REMAINDER INTEREST IS A
GIFT OF A FUTURE INTEREST MAY
USE GIFT/ESTATE TAX CREDIT
• CAVEAT: GST MAY NOT BE
ALLOCATED TO GIFT OF REMAINDER
CLAT
STEP 2: Distribute required
amounts to charity
REMAINDER BENEFICIARIES
(OUTRIGHT OR IN TRUST) IF REMAINDER
BENEFICIARY IS PERSON OTHER THAN THE DONOR
THEN GIFT
GIFT TAX IMPACT
FMV OF THE TRANSFERRED ASSETS
- PV OF ANNUITY INCOME STREAM
= GIFT OF A “FUTURE” INTEREST
INCOME TAX IMPACT
INCOME IS EXCLUDED FROM
DONOR IRS FORM 1040 AND
STATE INCOME TAX
STEP 3: Upon termination, the
remainder beneficiaries receive
the balance of assets
INCOME TAX DEDUCTION
NONE

17. A Fresh Look at Charitable Lead Trusts
Grantor
(Donor)
CLT
• Irrevocable Trust
• Term of Years or Life
1) Return to Grantor
2) Return to Spouse
3) Outright Family
4) In Trust for next
generation
Charity
(Donee)
Income Tax Benefit
Make Charitable gifts with Pretax $
AN EXCLUSION IS BETTER THAN
A DEDUCTION.

18. NON-GRANTOR CLATs do not produce an individual Income
Tax deduction for the Grantor/creator of the trust
NON-GRANTOR CLATs permits the creator of the trust to
fund charitable gifts with “Pre-Tax Income”
Using Pre-Tax Income is more efficient then using taxable income and
trying to offset the income with a deduction.
• Charitable deductions do not reduce NII
• Charitable deductions do not reduce State Taxable Income
• Charitable deductions are be limited by a % of AGI
• All deductions are phased out when AGI is more than $300,000
• Personal Exemptions are phased out for high income taxpayers.
Similar to Charitable contributions made from an IRA, Flexible Spending
Accounts (FSA) for Medical Premiums and Childcare, or HSA for Medical
Expenses
Fresh look at the Income Tax Benefits
of Non-Grantor CLATs

19. Example: Josephine has $350,000 of income. $100,000 is from
interest, dividends, and rents. She gives $30,000 to charity each
year.
The charitable gift do not reduce her 3.8% NII, or her 5% Illinois Income Tax in
addition she loses $900 of itemized deductions and a portion of the personal
exemptions for herself and her husband.
• Josephine transferred income producing assets into a CLAT that will receive
$30,000 of investment income and transfer $30,000 to her Donor Advised Fund
or various charities.
• The remainder interest in the CLAT passes to Josephine’s husband at the end
of 5 years.
No gift and estate tax savings since the remainder passes to spouse, but
NOTE: Income tax savings = 10% or over $3,000 per year for 5 years = $15,000
by using pre-tax dollars instead of tax deductible dollars.
Fresh look at the Income Tax Benefits
of Non-Grantor CLATs

20. 1. REDUCE FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
An Exclusion from Gross income may be better than a deduction
• Charitable Deductions can be limited to % of Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)
• Itemized Deductions can be phased out at higher levels of income
• (Pease Amendment – 3% of AGI over threshold of $311,300 in 2016)
• Exclusion from AGI lowers AMTI and removes income from NII (Obamacare Passive Income)
2. REDUCE STATE INCOME TAXES
Exclusion from Federal AGI usually reduces State Gross Income
• States rarely permit a State Income charitable deduction
3. REDUCE ESTATE, GIFT, and GST TAXES
• PV of Income payment (annuity) allows leveraged gifts to future generations where the actual
income is greater than the required annuity payment.
WIN - WIN - WIN
Bottom Line of Fresh look at the
Benefits of Non-Grantor CLAT

21. Questions?
Brian T. Whitlock, CPA, JD, LLM
Plante & Moran, PLLC
10 S Riverside Plaza
Chicago, IL 60606
Phone (312) 207-1040
E-mail: brian.whitlock@plantemoran.com