Different types of fabrics

1. MARKET RESEARCH
FABRICS
WEEK- 6th
DATE- 21th
to 25th
AUGUST
SUMBITTED BY
NAME- TASRIFA SULTANA HAZARIKA
COURSE- M.A
SPCL- FASHION DESIGN
SEMESTER- I (2017)

2. OBJECTIVE TO KNOW ABOUT THE FABRICS AND THEIR VARIETIES, THEIR CONSTRUCTING
METHOD, CONTENTS AND APPLICATION. GOING THROUGH THE MARKET- PLACE WILL
ENABLE US TO RECOGNISE VARIOUS TYPES OF FABRICS, THEIR QUALITIES AND APPLICATION
IN THE APPAREL INDUSTRY.
INTRODUCTION
FIBER – FIBER IS THE RAW MATERIAL MAINLY EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC
SOURCES. THIS MATERIAL IS CONVERTED TO PRODUCE TEXTILE YARNS AND FABRICS LIKE
WOVEN, NONWOVEN AND KNITTED ETC BY MEANS OF AN APPROPRIATE INTERLACING
METHOD.
YARN- YARN IS A LONG CONTINUOUS LENGTH OF INTERLOCKED FIBERS, SUITABLE FOR USE
IN WEAVING, KNITTING, CROCHETING, SEWING ETC. FOR EXAMPLE, THREAD IS A TYPE OF
YARN INTENDED FOR SEWING BY HAND OR MACHINE. FABRICS ARE CREATED BY
INTERLACING OR BY INTERLOOPING YARNS.
INTERLACING OF YARNS INTERLOOPING OF YARNS

3. FABRIC- FABRIC IS A MATERIAL MADE UP OF INTERLACING OF NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL
YARNS, FORMED BY WEAVING, KNITTING OR PRESSING. FABRIC IS MOSTLY USED IN
CLOTHING, FURNISHING AND INDUSTRIES. IN PAST, ALL CLOTHES WERE MADE FROM
NATURAL SOURCES SUCH AS COTTON, FLAX AND HEMP AND ANIMAL SOURCES LIKE WOOL,
HAIR AND SILK. IN 20TH CENTURY THESE WERE SUPPLIMENTED BY ARTIFICIAL FIBRES SUCH
AS POLYESTER AND RAYON
ANIMALSKIN USEDASFABRIC DURINGTHE ANCIENTPERIOD
TYPES OF FABRICS- FABRICS CAN BE DIVIDED IN TO MANY TYPES ACCORDING TO THEIR
CONTENTS, WEIGHT, QUALITY AND PRODUCING METHOD ETC.
FABRICS CAN BE DIVIDED IN TWO TYPES ACCORDING TO THEIR NATURE. THEY ARE
 NATURAL FABRIC SUCH AS COTTON, SILK, LEATHER, WOOL, JUTE ETC ARE CALLED
NATURAL FABRIC BECAUSE THEY ARE MADE OF ANIMAL OR PLANT BASED FIBER.
 SYNTHETIC FABRIC SUCH AS POLYESTER, NYLON, RAYON, SPANDEX ARE MADE
FROM ARTIFICIAL FIBERS. SO THEY ARE CALLED SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
FABRICS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE TYPES BY MEANS OF THEIR WEIGHT. THEY ARE,
 LIGHT-WEIGHT FABRICS
 MEDIUM-WEIGHT FABRICS
 HEAVY-WEIGHT FABRICS

4. LIGHTWEIGHT FABRIC(GEORGETTE) HEAVYWEIGHT FABRIC(VELVET)
THERE ARE MORE TYPES OF FABRICS DEFINED HERE
 WOVEN FABRIC- A WOVEN FABRIC IS MADE BY INTERLACING TWO OR MORE
THREADS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER. CREATED ON A LOOM, WOVEN FABRICS
MADE OF MANY THREADS WOVEN ON A WARP AND A WEFT.
LOOM
WOVEN FABRICS CAN BE MADE BY THREE TYPES OF LOOM SUCH AS
 HANDLOOM
 MACHINE LOOM
 MILL MADE TEXTILE
TYPES OF WEAVES IN A WOVEN FABRIC- THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF WEAVE SUCH AS
PLAIN WEAVE, TWILL WEAVE, SATIN WEAVE, BASKET WEAVE, DOBBY WEAVE JAQUARD
WEAVE ETC.

5. MOST OF THE FABRICS LIKE SATIN, COTTON, SILK, MUSLIN, DENIM, CHIFFON, POPLIN,
ORGANZA ETC ARE WOVEN FABRICS.
PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRIC
 STRONG AND DURABLE AND WEIGHTWISE MEDIUM TO HEAVY FABRIC
 THE MOST STRETCH IS ALWAYS ON BIAS( DIAGONAL STRETCHING)
 REQUIRES EDGE FINISHING BECAUSE THE EDGES ARE PRONE TO RAVEL.
APPLICATION
IN THE PICTURE THERE IS PLAIN WOVEN
FABRIC OF TWO DIFFERENT COLOURED
THREAD WITH A BOREDER OF DECORATIVE
WEAVES.
THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST USED WEAVEING
METHOD. SUITS, SAREES, SKIRTS, TROUSERS,
SCARVES, SHIRTS, FROCKS ARE FOUND IN
WOVEN FABRICS.
---------------------------------
 KNIT- FABRIC CONSTRUCTING WITH INTERLACED LOOPS CALLED KNITTED
FABRIC. IT DIFFERS FROM THE OTHER TEXTILES USUALLY COMPOSED OF BY A
CRISS-CROP OF WARP YARNS AND BY WEFT YARNS, BECAUSE IT IS
CONSTITUTED OF A SINGLE ROLLED UP THREAD BY CURLING ON ITSELF.
HOISERY, JERSEY FABRICS ARE KNITTING FABRICS.

6. KNITTING
TYPES OF KNITTING STITCHES
THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF KNITTING SUCH AS KNIT, PURL, MISS AND TUCK.
 KNIT STITCH- THE KNIT STITCH IS THE BASIC KNITTING STITCH. THIS STITCH IS THE
BASIS OF THE JERSEY FABRIC.
 PURL STITCH- THIS IS THE REVERSE OF THE KNIT STITCH.
PURL STITCH

7.  MISS KNIT- A MISS KNIT IS CREATED WHEN ONE OR MORE KNITTING NEEDLES ARE
DEACTIVAED.
MISSKNIT
 TUCK- A KNITTED STITCH, WHICH PRODUCES A TUCK EFFECT BY HAVING CERTAIN NEEDLES
CARRYING MORE THAN ONE LOOP AT A TIME. TUCK STITCHES ARE USED TO CREATE DESIGN
EFFECTS WITH DIFFERENCE COLORED YARNS, TEXTURED LOOKS, OR EYELET PATTERNS
TUCK KNIT
PROPERTIES OF KNIITED FABRIC
 STRETCHABLE THAN WOVEN OR ITHER FABRICS,GOOD DRAPING.
 CHEAPER TO PRODUCE
 SUPERIOR WRINKLE RECOVERY
APPLICATION

8. ON THE ABOVE SHOWN GARMENT IS A KNITTED GARMENT USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF
KNITTING METHOD. T-SHIRTS, PULLOVERS , TROUSERS ARE FOUND IN KNITTED FABRICS.
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 NET- IN NET THE YARNS ARE FUSED, LOOPED OR KNOTTED AT THEIR
INTERSECTIONS, RESULTING IN A FABRIC WITH OPEN SPACES BETWEEN THE YARNS.
NET IS SHEER, LIGHTWEIGHT AND THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF NET USUALLY
FOUND IN HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE. THE CONTENT OF NET CAN BE NYLON,
POLYESTER ETC.
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE OF NET
TYPES OF NET
THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF NET SUCH AS BOBBINET, FISH NET, PATTERNED NET.
FIGURED NET
PROPERTIES OF NET
 LIGHTWEIGHT, SHEER, TRANSPARENT FABRIC NEEDS LINING
 COMES IN DIFFERENT PATTERNS AND FIGURES

9.  BREATHABLE AND FLEXIBLE
APPLICATION
THIS IS A NET GOWN HAVING PATTERNS AND APPLIQUES IN IT. PARTYWEAR GOWNS SUITS
BABY DRESSES CAN BE MADE USING NET.
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 CROCHET- IS A PROCESS OF CREATING FABRIC BY INTERLOCKING LOOPS OF
YARN, THREAD, OR STRANDS OF OTHER MATERIALS USING A CROCHET HOOK.
THE SALIENT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CROCHET AND KNITTING , BEYOND THE
IMPLEMENTS USED FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, IS THAT EACH STITCH IN CROCHET
IS COMPLETED BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE NEXT ONE, WHILE KNITTING
KEEPS A LARGE NUMBER OF STITCHES OPEN AT A TIME.

10. THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF CROCHET MAKING METHODS SUCH AS HALF
CROCHET, DOUBLE CROCHET, HALF DOUBLE CROCHET, EACH HAVING DIFFERENT
TYPES OF INTERLOCKING METHODS.
CROCHET
PROPERTIES OF CROCHET
 GREATER DIVERSITY IN DESIGN THAN ANY OTHER FABRIC
 CAN BE USED AS APPAREL, ACCESSORIES, HOME FURNISHING
APPLICATION
THIS IS A LADIES BAG MADE OF CROCHET USING
DIIFERENT PATTERNS. LIKE BAGS; SWEATERS,
SHAWLS, WRAPS, BLANKETS, AFGHANS, SCARVES,
HATS, MITTENS, SOCKS CAN ALSO BE MADE OF
CROCHET. BESIDES THST HOME FURNISIHING ITEMS
LIKE TABLE COVERS, DOOR MAT, COASTERS ETC ARE
ALSO MADE.
--------------------
 LACE- LACE IS A FINE OPEN FABRIC OF COTTON OR SILK, MADE BY LOOPING,
TWISTING, OR KNITTING THREAD IN PATTERNS AND USED ESPECIALLY FOR
TRIMMING GARMENTS. ORIGINALLY LINEN, SILK, GOLD, OR SILVER THREADS WERE
USED. NOW LACE IS OFTEN MADE WITH COTTON THREAD, ALTHOUGH LINEN AND
SILK THREADS ARE ALS0 AVAILABLE.

11. TYPES OF LACE-
GPO- GPO OR CHEMICAL LACE IS A FORM OF MACHINE-MADE LACE. GPO IS 100%
POLYESTER. THE LACE PATTERN IS DESIGNED SUCH THAT THE EMBROIDERY THREAD
CREATES AN INTERLOCKING SERIES OF THREADS.
CHEMICAL LACE
BOBBIN LACE- BOBBIN LACE IS A HANDMADE LACE TEXTILE MADE BY BRAIDING AND
TWISTING LENGTHS OF THREAD , WHICH ARE WOUND ON BOBBINS TO MANAGE THEM,
BOBBIN LACE IS ALSO KNOWN AS PILLOW LACE, BECAUSE IT WAS WORKED ON A PILLOW.
BOBBIN LACE
NEEDLE POINT LACE- IS A TYPE OF LACECREATED USING A NEEDLE AND THREAD TO STITCH
UP HUNDREDS OF SMALL STITCHES TO FORM THE LACE ITSELF.

12. PROPERTIES OF LACE
 LACE HAS A STIFF FEEL
 NARROW ONES ARE USED AS TRIMS, WHILE BROADER ONES ARE USED AS
DECORATIVE ON CURTAINS, TABLE CLOTHS, AND OUTFITS.
 GIVES CLASSY AND DELICATE TOUCH TO A FABRIC
APPLICATION
HERE LACE IS USED AS AN
ACCESSORY FOR HAND.
LIKEWISE LACE CAN BE USED
IN THE EDGES OF GARMENTS,
ANY PARTYWEAR DRESS AS AN
EDGING,FLOUNCING AND AS
BEADING ALSO.
----------------------------
 NON WOVEN TEXTILES- NONWOVEN FABRIC IS A FABRIC-LIKE MATERIAL MADE
FROM STAPLE FIBER AND LONG FIBERS, BONDED TOGETHER BY CHEMICAL,
MECHANICAL, HEAT OR SOLVENT TREATMENT. THEY ARE NOT MADE BY WEAVING
OR KNITTING AND DO NOT REQUIRE CONVERTING THE FIBERS TO YARN. FELT IS A
NON WOVEN TEXTILE.
FELT- FELT IS A TEXTILE MATERIAL THAT IS PRODUCED BY MATTING, CONDENSING AND
PRESSING FIBERS TOGETHER. FELT CAN BE MADE OF NATURAL FIBERS SUCH AS WOOL, OR
FROM SYNTHETIC FIBERS.

13. FELT
PROPERTIES OF NON WOVEN TEXTILES-
 PAPER LIKE APPEARENCE
 FABRICATED BY GLUING, HEAT BONDING, OR SEWING
APPLICATION
THIS IS A SLEEPER MADE OF FELT
FABRIC.THERE ARE SOME OTHER USE
OF FELT, LIKE BAGS ACCESSORIES AND
HOME FURNISHING ITEAMS.
---------------------------------
 NON FABRIC FABRIC- NON FARIC FABRIC IS MADE UP OF A POLYESTER SCRIM, A
BONDING OR ADHESIVE AGENT, AND AN EXTERIOR PVC COATING. THE SCRIM SUPPORTS
THE COATING AND PROVIDES THE TENSILE STRENGTH, ELONGATION, TEAR STRENGTH, AND
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF THE RESULTING FABRIC. PVC IS AN EXAMPLE OF NON FABRIC
FABRIC.

14. PVC- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE; A SYNTHETIC THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL MADE BY
POLYMERIZING VINYL CHLORIDE. THE PROPERTIES DEPEND ON THE ADDED PLASTICIZER.
THE FLEXIBLE FORMS ARE USED IN HOSEPIPES, INSULATION, SHOES, GARMENTS, ETC.
PVC LEATHER
PROPERTIES
 OIL/CHEMICAL RESISTANT
 READILY AVAILABLE AND CHEAP
APPLICATION
PVC RAINCOATS
----------------------------
 LEATHER- LEATHER IS A DURABLE AND FLEXIBLE MATERIAL CREATED BY ANIMAL
SKIN. IT CAN BE PRODUCED AT MANUFACTURING SCALES RANGING FROM SMALL TO

15. HEAVY INDUSTRY. LEATHER IS USED TO MAKE VARIOUS GOODS—INCLUDING SHOES,
HATS, JACKETS, SKIRTS, TROUSERS, AND BELTS.
PROPERTIES
 RESISTANT TO TEAR AND FLEXING
 GOOD HEAT INSULATION.
 HAS TENSILE STRENGTH
APPLICATION
.
THIS IS A SHOE MADE OUT OF LEATHER.THERE IS A HUGE AND VERSATILE USES OF
LEATHER, JACKETS BAGS, HATS ARE MADE OF LEATHER AND IN FURNISIHING
INDUSTRY LEATHER IS ALSO USED.
 LEATHERETTE-
 LEATHERETTE, A FORM OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, IS MUCH CHEAPER
COMPARED TO LEATHER AND, UNLIKE LEATHER, DOES NOT FADE WHEN
EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD. REAL LEATHER IS
SOFTER AND MORE DURABLE THAN LEATHERETTE, BUT ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY
MORE EXPENSIVE. IN LEATHERETTE, NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC CLOTH FIBERS
COVERED IN PVC OR SCRAPS OF OLD LEATHER.