1. WHAT IS APARTHEID?
 System of racial segregation in South Africa.
 Lasted from 1948-1994
 Created to keep economical and political power with
people of English descent/heritage

2. APARTHEID CONT.
 In 1948, South Africa had a new government, the National
Party
 Elected by a small majority in a whites-only election, its
victory followed a steady increase in black migration to
the country's towns
 This migration had led to a fear of black domination
among the minority whites - the Afrikaners, and the
English-speaking community, mainly of British descent

3. THE BIRTH OF APARTHEID
They created a system called
The white-controlled
APARTHEID, which was
government of South Africa
designed to separate South
created laws to keep land
African society into groups
and wealth in the hands of
based on race: whites, blacks,
whites.
Coloureds, and Asians.

4. GOVERNMENT ACTIONS TO ENFORCE
APARTHEID
● Native Land Act of 1913 and 1936 required Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians live
on a small percentage of the land
● Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 made illegal marriage in between
races
● Population Registration Act of 1950 required that each citizen of South Africa
be registered by their race
● Pass Laws Act of 1952 required that all Blacks, Asians, and Coloreds carry a
passbook at all times
● Bantu Education Act of 1953 required that only concepts that would be used
in allowed jobs would be taught
● Separate Amenities Act of 1953 legalized racial segregation of public areas
● Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1953 made harsher punishments legal for
nonwhites (i.e. corporal punishment for shoplifting)
● Native Labor Act of 1953 banned Africans from going on strike

5. THE IMPACT OF
APARTHEID
It forced blacks to move to poor
rural areas called
HOMELANDS.
Blacks could not vote.
Blacks were kept in low-paying
jobs.
Blacks were put in poor schools.
Blacks had to carry
identification.
Separate schools, restaurants,
and hospitals were created
for whites and blacks.

6. IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act of 1970
 “Made every black South African a citizen of one of the
homelands, effectively excluding blacks from South
African politics”
 The land was not desirable and lacked resources
 A lot of people fought to stop the cruelty of apartheid –
people who opposed apartheid were often met with
brutality

7. THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID

8. THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No
55 of 1949
prohibited marriages between white people and
people of other races.
Population Registration Act, Act No 30 of
1950
led to the creation of a national register in
which every person's race was recorded.
Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950
forced physical separation between
races by creating different residential
areas for different races
Extension of University Education Act,
Act 45 of 1959
put an end to black students attending
white universities

9. IMPACTS OF
APARTHEID
1970's- 1980's Civil unrest, Black protesters are killed in
sanctions imposed on South an uprising in Soweto
Africa, forced resettlement
process and Township revolts.
More than 3 million people
forcibly resettled in black
'homelands’

10. IMPACTS OF
APARTHEID
 With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial
discrimination was institutionalized
 In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all
South Africans be racially classified into one of three
categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed
decent)
 The colored category included major subgroups of
Indians and Asians
 Classification into these categories was based on
appearance, social acceptance, and descent

11. IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
 For example, a white person was defined as “in appearance
obviously a white person or generally accepted as a white
person”
 A person could not be considered white if one of his or her
parents were non-white
 The determination that a person was “obviously white”
would take into account “his habits, education, and speech
and deportment and demeanor„”
 A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an
African tribe or race, and a colored person was one that was
not black or white
 The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was
responsible for the classification of the citizenry

12. BELIEF OF
APARTHEID
 The system's chief objective was to deny non-whites the
fruits of supposedly white labors: commerce and industry
 Hendrick Verwoerd, South Africa's president in the 1950s
and 1960s, said: " ... the white man, therefore, not only
has an undoubted stake in - and right to - the land which
he developed into a modern industrial state from
denuded grassland and empty valleys and mountains.
But - according to all the principles of morality - it was
his, is his, and must remain his"
 Of course, many individuals saw it differently
 They believed that it was indeed African labor that
contributed to the rise of a modern industrial state

13. QUOTE FROM CHE
GUEVARA
"We speak out to put the world
on guard against what is
happening in South Africa.
The brutal policy of apartheid
is applied before the eyes of
the nations of the world. The
peoples of Africa are
compelled to endure the fact
that on the African continent
the superiority of one race
over another remains official
policy, and that in the name
of this racial superiority
murder is committed with
impunity. Can the United
Nations do nothing to stop
this?"

14. SIGNIFICANCE OF
APARTHEID
Apartheid sparked
significant internal
resistance and violence
against South Africa.
Since the 1950s, a series
of popular protests were
met with the banning of
opposition and
imprisoning of anti-
apartheid leaders. As
unrest became more
violent, state
.
organisations responded
with increasing
repression and state-
violence.

15. REINFORCEMENT OF
APARTHEID
Reforms to apartheid in the
1980s failed and in 1990
President Frederick
Willem de Klerk began
negotiations to end
apartheid, culminating
the multi-racial
democratic elections in
1994, which were won by
the African National
Congress under Nelson
Mandela.
Poster that shows the inequality.
Apartheid still exist in South
African politics and
society.

16. END OF APARTHEID
● Became leader of ANC in 1961
● Not 100% peaceful – he was in armed branch of ANC
● Goes underground in 1961
● Arrested in 1962
● Released in 1990, made anti-apartheid speech on release date
● Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
● Becomes president of South Africa in 1994

17. END OF APARTHEID
 Apartheid caused violence and a trade embargo that hurt South
Africa
 Protests, uprisings, and violence helped end apartheid
 In 1990, Frederick Willem de Klerk, President, began talks to
end apartheid
 In 1994, Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa

18. END OF APARTHEID
 In 1994, free elections resulted in the ANC‟s victory and
Mandela became the country‟s president
 But to fully appreciate the profound change that South
Africa experienced with the end of the apartheid era and
the beginning of an era of greater equality, it is important
to delve more fully into the history of the region and the
development of and then resistance to the apartheid
system

19. REFERENCE LIST
http://www.slideshare.net/templep79/apartheid-5668455
http://www.slideshare.net/Roseenglobal/apartheid-pres-presentation
http://www.slideshare.net/melissy516/south-africa-under-apartheid-
3602100?utm_source=slideshow03&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campa
ign=share_slideshow
http://www.slideshare.net/aubynjm/apartheid-7409879
http://www.slideshare.net/annagteacher/lauras-presentation-10627514
http://www.slideshare.net/jmvrudny/south-african-history2
http://www.slideshare.net/thatcelloguy/apartheid-15302823